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Code No: RR220301 Set No.

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II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy & Material Technology
and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Define mass density, specific weight, specific volume and specific gravity. Show
that all these properties are inter-related
(b) b) A hydraulic lift consists of a 25cm diameter ram which slides in a 25.015 cm
diameter cylinder, the annular space being filled with oil having a kinematic
viscosity of 0.025 cm2 /sec and specific gravity of 0.85. If the rate of travel of
the ram is 9.15m/minute, find the frictional resistance when 3.05 m long ram
is engaged in the cylinder. [8+8]

2. (a) A stream function is defined by


ψ = x2 − y 3
Show that the flow cannot be a potential flow.
(b) Explain the characteristics of stream and velocity potential functions. [8+8]

3. (a) Define the terms (i) Forced vertex flow (ii) Free vortex flow. Give suitable
examples.
(b) A rectangular duct of width 25 cm has a two dimensional irrotational flow.
It has an elbow made up of circular arcs of radius 40 cm and 65 cm for the
inner and outer walls respectively. Calculate the discharge per unit width of
the duct when the difference in pressure between outer and inner walls in the
elbow is 30 kPa. [8+8]

4. (a) What is meant by smooth boundary and a rough boundary?


(b) Describe briefly the phenomenon of boundary layer separation.
(c) At what wind speed must a 127 mm diameter sphere travel through water to
have a drag of 5 N. [4+6+6]

5. (a) What is the difference between isotropic and adiabatic flow?


(b) A normal shock wave occurs in a diverging section when air is flowing at
velocity of 420 m/s ,pressure 100KN/m2 and temperature 100 C . Determine
(i) Mach number before and after shock (ii) pressure rise and (ii) the velocity
and temperature after shock. [8+8]

6. (a) Derive Hazen-poisehille equation for laminar flow in circular pipes.


(b) Explain in detail how the flow is demonstrated using Reynold’s experiment.
[8+8]

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Code No: RR220301 Set No. 1
7. (a) Explain different laws of fluid friction in detail?
(b) A siphon of diameter 20cm connects two reservoirs having a difference in
elevation of 20m. The length of the siphon is 500m and the summit is 3m
above the water level in the upper reservoir. The length of the pipe from
upper reservoir to the summit is 100m. Determine the discharge through the
siphon and also pressure at the summit by neglecting minor losses and taking
coefficient of friction as 0.005. [8+8]

8. (a) What is Manometry. Explain with a neat sketch the working of single column
vertical Manometer.
(b) Explain how you use U-tube manometer to find pressure difference between
two points in fluid flow. [8+8]

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Code No: RR220301 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy & Material Technology
and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write a note on viscosity and compressibility.


(b) Calculate the velocity gradient at distances of 0,10,15 cm from the boundary
if the velocity profile is a parabola given by u =Ay 2 + By + C and with
the vertex 15cm from the boundary, where the velocity is 100 cm/sec. Also
calculate the shear stress at these points if the fluid has a viscosity of 8.2 poise.
[8+8]

2. (a) Define stream function and explain its characteristics.


(b) If for a two dimensional potential flow, the velocity potential is given by
φ = X(2Y − 1)
Determine the velocity at the point P(4,5).
Determine also the value of stream function ψ at the point P. [8+8]

3. (a) Derive an expression for the difference of pressure between two points in a free
vortex flow.
(b) An open circular cylinder of 15 cm diameter and 100 cm long contains water
up to a height of 70 cm. Find the speed at which the cylinder is to be rotated
about its axis so that the axial depth becomes zero. [8+8]

4. (a) Describe with the help of neat sketch, the variation of drag coefficient for a
cylinder over a wide range of Reynolds number.
(b) Oil with a free stream velocity of 3 m/s flows over a thin plate 1.25-m wide
and 2 m long. Determine the boundary layer thickness and the shear stress
at mid − length and calculate the total, double-sided resistance of the plate.
Take Density = 860 kg/m3 andv = 10−3 . [8+8]

5. A 25 mm diameter venturimeter is fixed in a 75 mm diameter pipe to measure the


rate of flow of a gas. If the absolute pressure at the inlet and throat are equivalent
to 1010 mm and 910 mm of mercury Determine the volumetric flow rate of gas.
Assume flow is isentropic [16]

6. (a) Prove that in a steady uniform laminar flow, the pressure gradient in the
direction of flow is equal to the shear stress gradient in the normal direction.
(b) In an experiment, the details of laminar flow of fluid are as follows. Determine
the discharge in the pipe.
Specific gravity = 1.67

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Code No: RR220301 Set No. 2
Viscosity = 1.56 poise
Diameter of pipe = 15 cm
Length of the pipe = 2000 m
Loss of head = 0.45 m
[8+8]

7. (a) Prove that the head lost due to friction is equal to one third of the total head
at inlet for maximum power transmission through pipes.
(b) The rate of flow of water pumped into a pipe ABC, which is 200m long is
20lit/sec. The pipe is laid on an upward slope of 1 in 40. The length of the
portion AB is 100m and it?s diameter is 10cm, while the length of the portion
BC is also 100m but it?s diameter is 20cm. The change of diameter at B
is sudden. The flow is taking place from A to C where the pressure at A is
19.62N/cm2 and end C is connected to a tank. Find the pressure at C taking
f=0.008. [8+8]

8. (a) The rate of flow of water in a 150mm diameter pipe is measured with a ven-
turimeter with a 50mm dia. throat. When a mercury manometer is connected
across the converging section reads 8mm, the flow rate is 2.7 kg/s. What is
the coefficient of discharge at that flow rate and what is permanent loss of
head? Specific gravity of mercury = 13.6
(b) What is the device used for measuring fluid pressure? Explain briefly the
principle of an inclined Manometer. [8+8]

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Code No: RR220301 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy & Material Technology
and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write a note on viscosity and compressibility.


(b) Calculate the velocity gradient at distances of 0,10,15 cm from the boundary
if the velocity profile is a parabola given by u =Ay 2 + By + C and with
the vertex 15cm from the boundary, where the velocity is 100 cm/sec. Also
calculate the shear stress at these points if the fluid has a viscosity of 8.2 poise.
[8+8]

2. (a) Define equipotential line and a line of constant stream function, Show that
these lines intersect orthogonally.
(b) Given that u = x2 -y 2 and v = - 2xy. Check whether stream function exists.
If so determine the stream function and potential function for the flow. [8+8]

3. (a) Define the terms (i) Forced vertex flow (ii) Free vortex flow. Give suitable
examples.
(b) A rectangular duct of width 25 cm has a two dimensional irrotational flow.
It has an elbow made up of circular arcs of radius 40 cm and 65 cm for the
inner and outer walls respectively. Calculate the discharge per unit width of
the duct when the difference in pressure between outer and inner walls in the
elbow is 30 kPa. [8+8]

4. (a) Draw a neat sketch showing the variation of drag coefficient for a sphere with
Reynolds number and explain the salient features.
(b) A 1 m by 1.2 m plate moves at 13.5 m / s in still air at an angle of 120 with
horizontal. Using CD = 0.17 and CL =0.72. Determine (i) the resultant force
exerted by air on the plate (ii) the friction force (iii) the power required to
keep plate moving. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain the formation of shock waves at various section in a convergent diver-
gent nozzle .
(b) Calculate the Mach number of an object traveling at 300 m/s in an environ-
ment of air at 200 K . Estimate also the corresponding tagnation temperature.
[8+8]

6. (a) Prove that the boundary shear stress is directly proportional to the pressure
gradient and the boundary spacing for the case of laminar flow between parallel
flat plates when both the plates are at rest.

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Code No: RR220301 Set No. 3
(b) What do you know about Couette flow? Explain. [8+8]

7. (a) Prove that the head lost due to friction is equal to one third of the total head
at inlet for maximum power transmission through pipes.
(b) The rate of flow of water pumped into a pipe ABC, which is 200m long is
20lit/sec. The pipe is laid on an upward slope of 1 in 40. The length of the
portion AB is 100m and it?s diameter is 10cm, while the length of the portion
BC is also 100m but it?s diameter is 20cm. The change of diameter at B
is sudden. The flow is taking place from A to C where the pressure at A is
19.62N/cm2 and end C is connected to a tank. Find the pressure at C taking
f=0.008. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain a concentric - cylinder viscometer in detail with Diagram. Also derive
the expression to find the value of viscosity of a given fluid.
(b) What is meant by hot wire Anemometer. [8+8]

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Code No: RR220301 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy & Material Technology
and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain in two cases of water flow, how the vaporisation takes place and its
effects thereon.
(b) A shaft of 145 mm diameter runs in journals with a uniform oil film thickness
0.5 mm. Two bearings of 20 cm width are used. The viscosity of the oil is 19
centipoises. Determine the speed if the power absorbed is 15 W. [8+8]

2. (a) State the basic principle of continuity equation. Obtain an expression of con-
tinuity equation for a three dimensional - steady - incompressible fluid flow.

(b) A flow is described by the stream function ψ= 2 3XY . Locate the point at
which the velocity vector has a magnitude of 4 units and makes an angle of
150o with the x- axis. [8+8]

3. (a) State the momentum equation. How will you apply momentum equation for
determining the force exerted by a flowing liquid on a pipe bend?
(b) A nozzle at the end of a 80 mm hose produces a jet 40 mm in diameter.
Determine the force on the joint at the base of the nozzle when it is discharging
1200 liters of water per minute. [8+8]

4. (a) What is the physical significance of displacement thickness of boundary layer


theory?
(b) What boundary conditions must be satisfied by the velocity distribution in
laminar boundary layer over a flat plate.
(c) The velocity distribution in the boundary layer was found to fit the equation
(u/U ) = (y/d)1/7 . Find the displacement thickness. [4+4+8]

5. (a) What is the difference between isotropic and adiabatic flow?


(b) A normal shock wave occurs in a diverging section when air is flowing at
velocity of 420 m/s ,pressure 100KN/m2 and temperature 100 C . Determine
(i) Mach number before and after shock (ii) pressure rise and (ii) the velocity
and temperature after shock. [8+8]

6. (a) Enumerate the characteristics of laminar flow? Give examples where such a
flow is encountered.
(b) Oil of absolute viscosity 1.5 poise and relative density 0.85 flows through a 30
cm diameter pipe. If the headloss in 3000m length of pipe is 20m, estimate
the friction factor by assuming the flow to be laminar. [8+8]

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Code No: RR220301 Set No. 4
7. (a) Define and explain the terms hydraulic gradient line and total energy line.
(b) A pipe 20cm diameter and 1800 m long connects two reservoirs one being 30m
below the other. The pipe line crosses a ridge whose summit is 7.5m above
the upper reservoir. What will be the minimum depth of the pipe below the
summit of the ridge in order that the pressure at the apex doesn’t fall below
7.5m vacuum. The length of the pipe from the upper reservoir to the apex
is 300m. Taking f= 0.032 determine the rate of flow to the lower reservoir in
lit/min. [8+8]

8. (a) A venturimeter has its axis vertical, the inlet and throat diameters being 150
mm and 75 mm respectively. The throat is 225 mm above inlet and k = 0.96,
petrol of specific gravity 0.78 flows up through the meter at a rate of 0.029
m3 /s. Find the pressure difference between the inlet and the throat.
(b) Explain the working procedure of Bourdon pressure gauge. [8+8]

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