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Code No: R05311301 Set No.

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III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Find the Fourier transform of a single sided exponential function e−bt u(t) and draw
the spectrum. Where u(t) is the unit step function. [16]
2. A voltage v = 200(1+0.4sin ωm t) sin ωc t is applied to a resistor of 100 ohms. Find
the power dissipated by each of the frequency components present in the voltage
v. [16]
3. Show that the first order PLL a negative slope θ(t) causes unstable operating point.
[16]
4. Explain the transmission of PAM signals. [16]
5. (a) Explain the working of an A/D converter suitable to generate PCM words for
speech signals. Comment on its quantization noise, dynamic range and SNR
characteristics. Why is companding used in such codes?
(b) A signal x(t) band limited to 15kHz is sampled at 50 kHz and the samples
are transmitted using PCM/PSK. An output S/N of at least 40 dB is desired.
Assume that x(t) has a uniform pdf. Find the bandwidth requirements of the
system. [12+4]
6. (a) Sketch the binary ASK, FSK, PSK, and QPSK waveform for the following
sequence 1011.
(b) A received signal is ± 1mv for Tb second intervals with equal probability. The
signal is accompanied by white Gaussian noise with a psd of 10−10 Watt/Hz.
The receiver integrates the signal plus noise synchronously for Tb second du-
ration and decodes the signal by comparing the integrator output with 0. Find
the maximum signaling rate (Minimum value of Tb ) such that Pe=10−4 .[12+4]
7. (a) A DMS X has four symbols x1 , x2 , x3 , and x4 with P (x1 ) = 1/2, P (x2 ) =
1/4, and P (x3 ) = P (x4 ) = 1/8. Construct a Shannon-fano code for X, and
show that this code has the optimum property that ni =I(xi ) and that the
code efficiency is 100 percent.
(b) If a discrete memoryless source whose alphabet consists of K equiprobable
symbols. Explain why the use of a fixed-length code for the representation of
such a source is about as efficient as any code can be. [12+4]
8. (a) Construct the standard array for a (6, 3) linear
block code whose generator
1 0 0 1 1 0

matrix is given below. G = 0 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 1

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Code No: R05311301 Set No. 1
(b) Write the advantages of table lookup decoding scheme in linear block codes.
[10+6]

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Code No: R05311301 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Derive the Parseval’s Theorem.


(b) Let x(t) = XR (t) + jXI (t) where XR is the real part of the and XI imaginary
part of X(t). Show that XR (t) = 1/2[X(f) + X ∗ (-f)] and XI = 1/2j[X(f) -
X ∗ (-f)].
[8+8]

2. An AM transmitter has an unmodulated carrier power of 10kw. It can be mod-


ulated by a sinusoidal modulating voltage to a maximum depth of 40%, without
overloading. If the maximum modulation index is reduced to 30% what is the extent
up to which the unmodulated carrier power can be increased to avoid overloading?
[16]

3. An FM signal, modulated to a depth of 8, generates a bandwidth of 180 kHz.


Calculate the frequency deviation. [16]

4. Give the importance of sampling theorem in communication. [16]

5. With reference to PCM system, explain the following:

(a) Quantization error


(b) companding
(c) encoder
(d) decoder. [16]

6. (a) Explain in detail the power spectra and bandwidth efficiency of m-ary FSK
signals.
(b) Find the output of the matched filter and determine the maximum value of
(S/N )0 if the input s(t) is a rectangular pulse of amplitude A and duration
T. [8+8]

7. (a) A DMS X has four symbols x1 , x2 , x3 , and x4 with P (x1 ) = 1/2, P (x2 ) =
1/4, and P (x3 ) = P (x4 ) = 1/8. Construct a Shannon-fano code for X, and
show that this code has the optimum property that ni =I(xi ) and that the
code efficiency is 100 percent.
(b) If a discrete memoryless source whose alphabet consists of K equiprobable
symbols. Explain why the use of a fixed-length code for the representation of
such a source is about as efficient as any code can be. [12+4]

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Code No: R05311301 Set No. 2
8. (a) Write explaining notes on Turbo codes and BCH codes
(b) Design an encoder for a (7,4) binary cyclic code generated by g(x)=1+x+x3
and verify its operation using the message vector D=0101. [8+8]

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Code No: R05311301 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Compare the Autocorrelation and Cross correlation.


(b) Derive the modulation theorem using FT. [8+8]

2. Explain a method of frequency translation. [16]

3. A bandwidth rule sometimes used for space communication systems is β = (2 β


+ 1)fm . What fraction of the signal power is included in that frequency band.
Consider β =1 and 10. [16]

4. State and prove the sampling theorem (frequency domain). [16]

5. (a) What are the applications of PCM systems give in detail any two applications?
(b) Explain why is it necessary to use greater sampling rate for DM than for
PCM? [10+6]

6. (a) Compare ASK, FSK and PSK systems with respect to bandwidth, power used,
and equipment complexity.
(b) Draw the block diagram of FSK transmitter and explain. [9+7]

7. (a) Two binary symmetric channels are connected in cascade, find the overall
channel capacity of the cascaded connection, assuming that both channels
have the same transmission probability.
(b) Write about entropy of a source and derive the expression for calculating
entropy of a source. From this show that the entropy is maximum when the
symbols are equiprobable for a source delivering two symbols. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the use of G matrix and H matrix in error control coding.
(b) Define
i. Hamming weight
ii. Hamming distance
iii. Minimum Hamming distance. [10+6]

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Code No: R05311301 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Derive any three properties of Autocorrelation R(Γ).


(b) Prove the Auto correlation property R(Γ) = R(-Γ). [8+8]

2. Explain a method of frequency translation. [16]

3. Evaluate (S0 /N0 ) of FM and AM, and show that FM behaves as AM for mf <= 0.5.
[16]

4. A band pass signal has a spectral range that extends from 20 to 82 kHz. Find the
acceptable range of the sampling frequency fs . [16]

5. (a) Obtain an expression for the quantization noise in a A-law companded PCM
system.
(b) Explain what type of signals need to be companded? [10+6]

6. (a) Explain DPSK modulator and DPSK demodulator with block diagram and
differential encoding and decoding tables.
(b) Distinguish between ASK and PSK modulation systems. [12+4]

7. (a) Define information, entropy, channel capacity and data Rate.


(b) Derive the expression for the channel capacity of a binary symmetric channel.
[8+8]

8. Briefly discuss about the following error control techniques.

(a) Linear block codes


(b) Parity check bits
(c) Convolutional codes. [16]

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