40116264 Evolution Revision Questions:

Lecture 1: Q1. How do we distinguish a scientific hypothesis from a non scientific one? A. Scientific hypothesis can be tested and falsified. Non scientific hypothesis is based on assumptions only. Q2. What are the main ways in which Darwins theory differs from Lamarcks? A. Lamark suggested that the features you gain during your life can be passed onto your kids. Darwin said that what you are born is what is passed down. Lecture 2: Q1. Is it possible to create a new species? If so, how? A. Yes (artificial selection and pressures from the natural environment) Q2. Describe how some populations of elephants and cod are showing evolutionary responses to intense hunting pressure. A. Elephants due to hunting, has had a constant and permanent genetic shift (directional selection). Cod has evolved into smaller sizes and therefore produce less eggs than the bigger Cod. Lecture 3: Q1. Give 1 example of a homologous structure and 1 of an analogous structure. A. Homologous structure - hands Analogous - wings Q2. What are the 3 main trends in horse evolution during the last 50million years? A. Increased body size and height of teeth, reduction of side toes. Lecture 4: Q1. What is meant by disruptive selection? A. Disruptive Selection is when a population is divided into two or more types (usually the extreme traits) Q2. How are large numbers of sickle cell anaemia maintained in some human populations? What is this an example of?

A. Some populations have high rates of Malaria. Those who have sickle cell anaemia in those populations are resistant to the malarian parasite therefore is immune to malaria. This is called Heterozygote Advantage.

Biomes Revision Questions:

Lecture 1: Q1. If you worked at NASA and wanted to examine an alien planet for signs of life, what gases might you look for in the atmosphere and why? A. Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen because they make up 99% by mass of living things Q2. What are the key characteristics of living things on Earth? A. A membrane for allowance of concentration and protection of organic materials and a carrier of hereditary material to allow evolution Lecture 2: Q1. 2nd Law of thermodynamics and lifeHow can it exist? A. Life goes against the second law of thermodynamics as life isnt a closed system and there is a constant input of energy as well as output of energy. Only when an organism is dead does it follow the second law of thermodynamics as the energy in the dead organism is no longer required. Q2. If you were a carnivore and were concerned about ecological efficiency, what kind of animals would you eat? A. Herbivores because they eat photosynthetic organisms therefore they have the highest amount of energy transfer. Lecture 3. Q1. What is the Greenland Pump and what force drives it? A. The Greenland pump is the over turning in the water also carrying oxygen and dissolved carbon dioxide and negative feedback (homeostasis) is the force that drives it. Q2. What proportion of the carbon released to the atmosphere by human activities every year is absorbed by natural carbon sinks? A. Just over 50 percent.