Reading of electrical drawings-1 13.

CHAPTER-13

READING OF ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS-1 (POWER CIRCUIT )

SNO.
1 2. 3. LEGENDS SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM READING OF POWER CIRCUIT

4. READING OF CONTROL CIRCUIT 5. READING OF INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAM 6. READING OF PROTECTION AND METERING CIRCUIT OF SWGR 7. READING OF LIGHTING CIRCUIT DRAWING 8. READING OF POWER LAYOUT DIAGRAM 9. READING OF ELECTRICAL EARTHING LAYOUT DIAGRAM 10. READING OF CA LE SCHEDULE

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LENGENDS USED IN ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS SR.NO. 1. DESCRIPTION 1 - Transformer with 02 windings SYMBOL

2.

1 - Transformer with 03 windings

3.

3- Transformer

Y Y

4.

Auto Transformer

5.

Reactor

6. Current Transformer

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. Transformer with Ta! changer " "

#.

Ca!acitor

$. AC %enerator&'C %enerator

10. AC (otor& 'C (otor

11. )n*erter +'C to AC Con*erter,

12. Rectifier +AC to 'C con*erter,

13.

-re.uenc/ con*erter

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14. (C0 +(iniature circuit 1rea2er,

15. )solating switch load isolating switch

163 -use -use 2 Am!

1 . 4witch 5 fuse unit

1#. 'iode

1$. 4CR&4ilicon controlled Rectifier,

20.

6imit switch3 ma2e contact

21. 6imit switch3 0rea2 contact

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22. 4liding contact

23.

7nder *oltage rela/

7; 7<

24.

8*er *oltage rela/

25. )m!edance rela/

26. Coil of Rela/

2 . 9olt meter

2#. Ammeter&Am!ermeter

2$. :att meter

30. 9AR +9olt Am!ere Reacti*e , meter

9A R

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31. >ower factor meter&!hase meter

32. -re.uenc/ meter

@ B

33. Conductors 3 & 4

34. ?arthing

35. -luorescent lam! +4ingle&Two, 36. @igh !ressure *a!our lam!

4ignal lam!&%eneral indicating lam!

3#. @orn

3$. 0ell

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40. 6oud s!ea2er

41.

>hoto ?lectric Cell

42. >rimar/ cell 43. 44. 45. 46. 4 . 0us duct -an Terminal Resistor 9aria1le Resistor

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. . #. $. 10. 11.

ABBREVIATIONS 7n- interru!ti1le !ower su!!l/ (otor Control centre 6ocal control !anel 6ocal control station 'istri1uted control s/stem >rogramma1le logic controller 6ighting distri1ution 1oard&!anel Dormall/ o!en contact Dormall/ close contact ?.ui!ment for eE!losion haBardous area 3 !hase3 Deutral3 ?arth

7>4 (CC 6C> 6C4 'C4 >6C 6'0&6'> D8 DC ?F 3 D?

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READING OF INTER CONNECTION DIAGRAM WHAT IS INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAM ? )nterconnection diagram is !re!ared for indi*idual e.ui!ment. )t indicates following details. 1. 2. 3. 'etails of !ower control and auEiliar/ su!!l/ ca1les for an e.ui!ment with their siBe and tag nos. 'etails of switch 1oard3 control !anel and field e.ui!ment with their terminations. )t gi*es inter connection details of e.ui!ment with switch 1oard through ca1les.

WHY AN INTER CONNECTION DIAGRAM ? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. )nter connection diagram of an e.ui!ment is !re!ared for ease of termination during commissioning. )t minimiBes chances of mista2e which can 1e done due to wrong ca1le termination etc. )t3 at a glance3 indicates all the re.uirement of ca1le for a !articular e.ui!ment. )t also hel!s in fault finding during !ro1lems )t can 1e hel!ful for isolation of an e.ui!ment com!letel/.

Det !"# !$ I$te%&'$$e&t!'$ D! (% )* -or eEam!le we ta2e interconnection of (> 3#01C 1. 2. 3. (otor is fed from 11G: switch 1oard !anel Do.16 1/ ca1le Do.14 (> 3#01C which is 3CE240 s..mm 11G9 ca1le. )t shows all the terminal nos of switch 1oard !anel3 6C43 >6C +)&8 Rac2, !anel3 rela/ !anel&'C43 4!ace heater. )t has following ca1les. 1. 2. 3. 14(> 3#01C 15 (> 3#01C 34(> 3#01C SI+E 3CE240 +F6>?, 1CE2.5 +Cu, 3C E2.5 +Cu, PURPOSE >ower ca1le 6C4 4!ace heater

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4. 5. 6.

4 6 4 1#&20 4 64 1#&20# 74 L 4718!209

12CE2.5 +Cu, 3CE2.5 +Cu, 5C"2.5 #C$%

>6C >6C PLC

READING OF POWR CIRCUIT W, t !# P'-e% C!%&.!t ?

>ower of an e.ui!ment&switch 1oard com!rises of incoming switch&fuse&contactors& 0(R4&0rea2ers&>THs&CTHs&metering de*ices&indication lam!s etc. )nformation in >ower circuitI 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. >ower circuit has details and the se.uence in which control gear items are connected. 'etails of fuse3 0(RHs etc. with their Am!. Rating and range. Connection details of metering and !rotection e.ui!ments. Terminal nos. of main and auEilar/ switch gear e.ui!ments. 'etails of sliding contacts +if an/,.

All the drawings are generall/ di*ided *erticall/ in 5&6 columns. These columns are need for reference !ur!ose. Cross references are gi*en at each e.ui!ment and contacts. READING OF CABLE SCHEDULE WHAT IS A CABLE SCHEDULE ? 1. 2. Ca1le schedule indicates all the details of ca1les including their tag no. length3 e.ui!ment3 switch 1oard +feeder Do., and siBe. )t also shows re.uirement of total ca1le. This is gi*en in the summar/ of ca1le schedule.

0efore !roceeding further we would li2e to 2now the ca1le num1ering s/stem. 1. for codif/ing the e.ui!ment3 the !lant can 1e di*ided into different sections for eEam!le Amm-)) !lant. 32- Reforming Co-con*ersion

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33- (ethanation and C82 remo*al 34- Com!. @ouse 35- Ammonia s/nthesis 36- 0-: 3#- Cooling Tower 44- Da!htha storage 45- '( water 4$- )nstrument Air dr/ing 4 - Ammonia 4&4 41- (ain control room 2- Cooling Tower 4u1 station /. E"e&t%!& " C'0!$( ?lectrical e.ui!ment are coded as !er 1elowI Alternator % (otor ( @eater @ 8ther ?lect. ?.ui!ment 5 6 The letters a1o*e is suffiEed 1/ G3:3>3F etc. G : > F Com!ressor3 -an3 0lower3 9entilator ?le*ators3 Crane >um! (iscellaneous e.ui!ment3 li2e stirrer3 *i1rator etc.

-or 2nowing the t/!e of su!!l/ and electrical e.ui!ment codification of ca1les has 1een done as follows + This code will 1e !refiEed,. 14 15 24 25 34 35 44 45. 55 5# 4 $4 11G9 %rade ca1les Ca1le for 6C4 of 11G9 re.ui!ment 3.3G9 grade ca1les Ca1le for 6C4 of 3.3G9 eg. 1.1 G9 grade !ower ca1le Ca1le for 6C4 of 1.1 G9 6ighting ca1le 6ighting control ca1les 7>4 ca1les for 1159 su!!l/ 'C su!!l/ ca1les Ca1les for 6(4 Ca1les for rela/ !anel.

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?Eam!le of ca1le Tag Do. )f more than 01 ca1le is used for the same !ur!ose e.g !arallel !ower ca1le or more than one control ca1le then the ca1le num1er shall 1e suffiEed 1/ &13 &2 etc. I$1'%) t!'$2# 3 !" 4"e 1%') C 4"e #&,e0."e* 1. All the ca1les are gi*en a !articular tag no. These ca1les can 1e identified at e.ui!ment3 switch 1oard or on the tra/ easil/ with the hel! of these tags3 which are !h/sicall/ !ut on the ca1les. Ca1le schedule gi*es siBe and length of the ca1les re.uired for a !articular re.uirement. )t also gi*es o*erall re.uirement of ca1les in the summar/ of ca1le schedule. 'rawings attached Ca1le schedule of Amm-)) 4@ Do.0$ J 12

2.

RefI 1.

READING OF PROTECTION 5 METERING CIRCUIT OF SW.GR. P%'te&t!'$ &!%&.!t* >rotection circuit com!rises of details of !rotection rela/s3 !rotection transformers3 their connection diagram including connection nos. etc. >tHsI >otential transformers are connected to under *oltage rela/s li2e 9A%( J 9A%3 these rela/s gi*es contacts for auto charge o*er and under *oltage !i!!ing. CTHs I Current transformersI 8ut!ut of the current transformer goes to o*er current element of the rela/s. Mete%!$( C!%&.!t#* (etering circuits are used for monitoring of *oltage3 current3 !ower3 reacti*e !ower3 fre.uenc/ energ/ etc. -or metering !ur!ose we ma/ utilise same transformers of !rotection circuits or we ma/ ha*e different instrument transformers.

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1.

Me #.%e)e$t '1 C.%%e$t*

8ut!ut of CTHs goes to Ammeter through Ammeter 4elector switch. :e can see the current of an/ one !hase through Ass. /. Me #.%e)e$t '1 V'"t (e* 8ut!ut of >T4 goes to *olt meter through *olt meter selection switch. 3. Me #.%e)e$t '1 E$e%(6I8ut!ut of CTHs and >THs goes to ?nerg/ meter. ?nerg/ meters are matched with the CT ratio and >T ratios READING OF LIGHTING CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 6ighting s/stem for a !lant is *er/ im!ortant. 6ighting s/stem is so designed that incase of an/ 1rea2 down&failure of !ower lighting is a*aila1le to meet the emergenc/. )n *iew of this lighting can 1e di*ided into followingI 1. N'%) " L!(,t* >ower to normal lighting fiEtures is fed from the normal !ower su!!l/. )n case normal !ower fails3 su!!l/ to these fiEtures will not 1e a*aila1le. E)e%(e$&6 L!(,t#I )n normal condition3 when normal !ower is a*aila1le these fiEtures are fed through normal !ower su!!l/. )n case of failure of normal !ower3 these lights shall 1e fed su!!l/ from emergenc/ !ower su!!l/. UPS L!(,t#I 4ome of the lights in critical areas such as control rooms main su1stations are fed through 7>4 !ower su!!l/. These lights shall continue to glow in case failure of emergenc/ as well as normal !ower su!!l/. )n normal condition also these lights are on 7>4. D.C.L!(,t#I 4ome of the lights at critical !laces in the !lant are fed through 'C !ower su!!l/. These lights shall glow when emergenc/ as well as normal su!!l/ fails.

2.

3.

4.

READING OF LIGHTING CIRCUIT DIAGRAM. Dormal !ower su!!l/ to the main lighting is fed through a transformer. )n ammonia !lant we ha*e 11G9&4159 transformer. :here we ha*e onl/ 4159

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su!!l/ a*aila1le3 we install 415&4159 transformer which is called as isolating transformer. A03 $t (e '1 I#'" t!$( T% $#1'%)e%#* 1. 2. 3. 'ue to im!edance of isolating transformer3 fault le*el seen 1/ the lighting circuit is reduced. ?arth fault if an/ does not directl/ affect the main distri1ution s/stem +4159 >CC, As the fault le*el is reduced we can install (C0s +(iniature circuit 1rea2er, for further distri1ution. 8therwise we ha*e to install fuses which 1lows immediatel/ in case of earth fault.

Re 0!$( '1 L!(,t!$( C!%&.!t D% -!$(# :e will ta2e the eEam!le of Ammonia-)) !lant lighting s/stem. :e ha*e main lighting distri1ution 1oard +(6'0, which is ha*ing 02 incomers named normal and emergenc/. These normal and emergenc/ means the/ are su!!lied +-ed, from normal and emergenc/ !ower source res!ecti*el/. 4ingle line diagram of the (6'0 is as 1elowI D8R(A6 ?(?R%?DC" >@8T8C?66 47>>6" 47>>6" C8DTR866?' >@8T8C?66 C8DTACT8R 074 C87>6?R C8DTR866?'

87T '88R 6)%@T)D%

)D '88R 6)%@T)D%

)D'88R ?(?R%. 87T '88R 6)%@T)D% 6)%@T)D%

(ain 6ighting distri1ution 1oard is gi*ing su!!l/ to su1-distri1ution 1oards which are categoriBed as !er 1elowI 1. 2. N'%) " I$0''% L!(,t!$( DB -eeding su!!l/ to indoor lights onl/ when normal !ower is a*aila1le. E)e%(e$&6 !$0''% L!(,t!$( DB- -eeding su!!l/ to indoor lights with normal as well as emergenc/ !ower.

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3. 4.

N'%) " '.t 0''% "!(,t!$( DBwith normal !ower onl/.

-eeding su!!l/ to outdoor lights

E)e%(e$&6 '.t 0''% "!(,t!$( DB- -eeding su!!l/ to out door lights with emergenc/ !ower.

There are 12 single !hase outgoing +4 !er !hase, feeding su!!l/ to 12 no single !hase lighting circuits. L!(,t!$( C!%&.!t* A lighting circuit ma/ feed !ower to 4 to 12 lighting fiEtures which are loo!ed together. ?ach circuit are gi*en a !articular circuit no. for eEam!le. Circuit num1er 4 D61R1 re!resents 4 AR?A C8'? D61 D8R(A6 6)%@T)D% 4&4TAT)8D '0-1 R1 R >@A4? CGT D8-1

Re 0!$( '1 E"e&t%!& " E %t,!$( L 6'.t D! (% ) Re 0!$( W, t !# E %t,!$( L 6'.tI ? ?arthing la/out gi*es the details of earth !its3 earth 1uses3 earthing stri!s and earthing ca1les. )t gi*es siBe of earthing ca1les&stri!s3 their route and connection. The earthing !its&earthing 1us. W,6 E %t,!$( L 6'.t ? 1. 2. 3. ?arthing la/out gi*es locations of earth !its in the !lant area. )t also gi*es the siBe of earthing ca1les&stri!s -or maintenance !ur!ose3 it is also useful as all the earthing 1ut are 1uried in the ground. )n case of failure of an/ earthing3 the fault can 1e easil/ identified with the hel! of earthing la/out. )t also !roKects the re.uirement of ca1le and earthing stri!s re.uired for installation.

4.

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Re 0!$( '1 P'-e% L 6'.t W, t !# P'-e% L 6'.t ?

>ower 6a/out diagram shows !h/sical locations of the e.ui!mentHs on the !lot !lant of the area. All the e.ui!ment li2e3 heater3 motor3 transformer3 6C43 ca1les etc. are mar2ed on the !lot !lant. )t also indicates tag nos of the a1o*e e.ui!ment. W,6 P'-e% L 6'.t ? 1. 2. 3. >ower la/out gi*es the !h/sical locations of the e.ui!ments3 so that it is sim!le to locate the e.ui!ment in the field 1/ its tag no. )t gi*es route of ca1les +>ower J Control, and also initial estimate of the ca1les can 1e done with the hel! of !ower la/out. )t hel! in !re!aration of ca1le rac2 la/out and conduit la/out for underground ca1le la/ing.

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