t 02

Main elements of effective health and safety policy along with the organizational arrangements necessary for its implementation

Task 2 P2.1 (a) Analyze existing organizational safety policy and the existing procedures. The safety policy of the XY !o"pany is as follo#s$ %XY construction co &td is co""itted to pro"ote highest le'el of safety in all areas of its #orking #ith clear e"phasis on i"pro'ing the en'iron"ent. The safety and health of its e"ployees are of para"ount i"portance to the co"pany. XY construction co &td is co""itted to$

(esign) construct) operate and "aintain facilities as per the *est practices a'aila*le to ensure the safety of pu*lic) e"ployees) plant) e+uip"ent and en'iron"ent.

Pro'ide personal protecti'e e+uip"ents (PP,s) to its e"ployees.

2anaging director ( XY

Analysis of the safety policy & existing procedures Analysis of the safety policy of XYZ co Ltd

Policy has not *een re'ie#ed fro" year 2--. for a period of / long years The co"pany has not considered present situation therefore no i"pro'e"ents

or changes ha'e *een "ade in the safety policy

0t has "entioned that they are co""itted to pro"ote highest le'el of safety *ut

has not "entioned specifically a*out any reduction of accidents or "ini"izing #ork en'iron"ent hazards

1as not "entioned nor considered the re+uire"ents of the national

occupational safety and health legislations

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1as not included anything a*out "onitoring regular occupational safety and

health of the e"ployees and taking future actions accordingly

3o inclusion of co""it"ent for continual health and safety i"pro'e"ent in

the co"pany

3o inclusion of specific responsi*ilities and roles of the indi'iduals in'ol'ed

such as responsi*ilities of "anagers) super'isors) e"ployees) etc.

1as not "entioned on anything on practical arrange"ents *y #hich the policy

can *e i"ple"ented further e.g.$ safety training) e"ergency procedures and "edical facilities Analysis of the safety and health situation of XYZ construction co Ltd Record keeping

3one of the records #ere a'aila*le in health and safety inspections 3o site safety inspection records #ere a'aila*le 3o training records or e'idence a'aila*le 3o a'aila*ility of a proper accident recording syste" 0ndicating reporting is lax and late e.g.$ only the site accidents #ere recorded #hile sending the patient to the go'ern"ent hospitals

3ot "aintaining the general register according to the factories ordinance

#hich essential #hen it co"es to health and safety inspections of the co"pany

The nu"*er of accidents and in4uries appear to *e 'ery high e.g.$ fro" the statistics of the year 2--5) it #as o*ser'ed that there #ere 225 accidents in the construction site

Accidents

3ot all accidents #ere in'estigated

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225 accidents ha'e taken place in the construction site 6ery fe# accidents #ere discussed at the safety co""ittee There appear to *e accidents specially due to falling fro" heights) lifting of "aterials and due to electricity

Training

7nly induction training #as gi'en to /-- #orkers out of 2--- #orkers at the *eginning

3o other training #as gi'en

Safety committee

8afety co""ittee #as not a#are of the dangers happened in the site they #ere

inacti'e

3o assistance is gi'en to the "anage"ent and super'isors in order to reduce

the risks of hazards

Assistance for policy re'ie#) "onitoring hazards) de'elop"ent has not gi'en

O erall! XYZ co Ltd should implement the follo"ing

9e'ie# the safety and health policy regularly at the "anage"ent "eetings and "ake appropriate changes considering the present situation of the co"pany

2aintain records in the general register in co"pliance #ith the national la# and kept a'aila*le for inspections

Accurate and proper reporting and infor"ing of incidents:accidents incident in'estigations !learly define roles and responsi*ilities for safety of the indi'iduals in the co"pany 1ealth and safety training should *e gi'en to all the #orkers 0n'ol'e e"ployees in incident in'estigations
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0n'ol'e e"ployees in the safety co""ittee ,sta*lish pro*le" sol'ing and process i"pro'e"ent processes for the safety co""ittee

!o"prehensi'e safety and health audit ,rgono"ics progra" ,sta*lish safety and health planning process for continual i"pro'e"ent of the co"pany

0nstitute a lockout:tag out progra" for the #orkers The pro'ision of e"ergency procedures) first aid and fire safety 9estructure incenti'e progra"s ,sta*lish good safety perfor"ance "easures (efine the 'alue of safety and related processes for "anagers and for e"ployees ,sta*lish co""unications and trust a"ong the e"ployees 1azard pre'ention and control

# Safety and health policy

#$# %ntroduction to safety & health policy The "ain purpose of ha'ing a safety policy for a co"pany is to ensure the safety of the people #ho engaged in #ork or e"ploy"ent in the co"pany. The top "anage"ent of the co"pany shall prepare a #ritten state"ent of their general policy respect to the health and safety at #ork of the e"ployees and arrange"ent for "anaging safety and health in the #ork place. The safety and health policy shall *e included the rele'ant data #hich has *een collected fro" all the di'isions in the co"pany. The safety and health policy sho#s the co""it"ent of the co"pany to i"pro'e its health and safety perfor"ances and the e"ployees should *e infor"ed of the policy. 0n de'eloping the safety and health policy state"ents it is 'ery i"portant to re'ie# the "ost co""on causes of accidents and if these hazards exist in the #ork place) deal #ith those "atters in the state"ent.

#$& Areas "hich the safety and health policy should co er

#$' (ain parts of a safety & health policy

1. Policy 2. 7rganization 3. Arrange"ents

The policy shoul d

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,ssentially a 1ealth ; safety policy state"ent should consist of a*o'e three ele"ents. The "ain reason is to sho# that the co"pany is "anage"ent is co""itted to i"pro'e the health ; safety of e"ployees. The policy not only is #ritten do#n *ut also proper arrange"ents shall *e taken to achie'e the policy) hazards and safety needs re+uired in the #ork place shall *e taken in to consideration and appropriate persons shall *e appointed to co"plete the re+uired arrange"ents in the policy ensuring that safety controls are put and retained in that #ork place. The detailed arrange"ents are not necessary to *e descri*ing in the policy *ut can refer out to so"e other supporting docu"ents including such detailed arrange"ents relating to the policy #hich has do *e kept up to date and su*4ect to internal control "easures. 0n addition there are su* ele"ents that are also to *e included. #$'$# )olicy *A general statement of the intent+ A policy can *e defined as a plan of action #hich gi'es guidance to future decisions. The policy state"ent indicates the co""it"ent le'el of the e"ployee to the co"pany. This policy "ust co"ply #ith the re+uire"ents of the national legislation. The co""it"ent shall *e clarified *y actions and pro'isions suita*le to the organization) <or an exa"ple$ 9esources=that are sufficient to "aintain and pro'ide health and safety conditions Training= for health and safety and first aid Pu*licity= on a'aila*ility of training (ata collection= collecting and analyzing the data on accidents) sicknesses and other dangerous occurrences Pro"otion=of consultation and participation *et#een of all e"ployees (e'elop= the safety a#areness a"ong e"ployees <or a policy to *e effecti'e)

0n the preparation of the policy the senior or the top "anage"ent and other representati'es "ust *e in'ol'ed.

The policy "ust *e rele'ant according to the needs of the #ork place and shall not adopt fro" another #ork place policy.
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The policy shall *e accepted in e+ual i"portance to the other policy o*4ecti'es in #ork place.

The policy should *e seen as consistent #ith the #ork place>s o*4ecti'es of operating in an efficient and possi*le "anner.

The policy should *e dated and signed *y the senior executi'e of the #ork place. The policy shall also adduce the na"e and the designation of the person #ho is responsi*le of the o'erall i"ple"entation of the policy. #$'$& Organi,ation *people and their duties+ This outlines the chain of co""and of health and safety "anage"ent in the #ork place. The organization for health and safety should reflect the structure of the organization and "ethod of #orking in the #ork place. 9esponsi*ility should *e gi'en at successi'e le'els of "anage"ent) fro" the top to indi'idual super'isors. These responsi*ilities shall *e defined clearly and included in 4o* descriptions to pre'ent o'erlapping and o"ission. 1o# the policy can *e i"ple"ented and "onitored) roles of the indi'iduals in'ol'ed) accounta*ility and authority "ust *e set at each le'el in accordance #ith the organizational structure. 7ther organisational features should include$

indi'idual 4o* descriptions of e"ployees ha'ing a safety content details of specific safety and health responsi*ilities role and function of safety co""ittee role and function of safety representati'es the co"petent person #ho assist #ith health and safety re+uire"ents health and safety o*4ecti'es "onitoring standards #ithin the #ork place "onitoring the effecti'eness of others in carrying their responsi*ilities

A sa"ple organizational structure is illustrated *elo#

#$'$' Arrangement *systems and procedures+ This part of the policy deals #ith the practical arrange"ents necessary to i"ple"ent the policy effecti'ely. 0t can *e di'ided in to t#o "ain types.

-eneral=first aid) fire safety) #elfare) etc. Specific!relating to plant) processes)

7'erall arrange"ent features include the follo#ings$

safety training safe syste"s of #ork en'iron"ental control procedures for storage) transportation and handling safe place of #ork "achine:area guarding housekeeping safe plant and e+uip"ent noise control radiation safety dust control use of toxic "aterials internal co""unication:participation utilisation of safety co""ittee and safety representati'es fire safety and pre'ention "edical facilities and #elfare "aintaining records reporting accidents and in'estigation e"ergency procedures "onitoring the #orkplace

#$. The main elements of an effecti e Occupational safety and health policy

The policy shall$

rele'ant to the nature and scale of the organization 0nclude co""it"ent to continual i"pro'e"ent (step *y step i"pro'e"ent) include a co""it"ent to at least co"ply #ith the health and safety legislation and #ith other re+uire"ents to #hich the organization su*scri*e

*e docu"ented) i"ple"ented and "aintained *e co""unicated to e'ery e"ployee #orking in the #ork place #ith the intent that e"ployees are "ade a#are of their indi'idual health and safety duties

state that safety #ill take do"inance o'er application *e a'aila*le to people #ho are interested and pu*lic re'ie# regularly to "ake sure that the policy re"ains rele'ant and appropriate

#$/ O01ecti es The health and safety policy state"ent should state their "ain o*4ecti'es of the organization. These o*4ecti'es should *e "easura*le) including the co""it"ents of pre'ention of in4ury and ill health and should co"ply #ith the re+uire"ents of the national la# and should *e consistent of steps for continual i"pro'e"ent. The organization shall take the legal re+uire"ents) other re+uire"ents and health and safety risks #hen esta*lishing and re'ie#ing the o*4ecti'es. ,xa"ples of "ain o*4ecti'es
1. ,le"ent of policy= To reduce accidents happening in the #ork site

O01ecti e #= To "ini"ize lost ti"e accidents and in4uries in the #ork site *y /-? in this year and @/? *y next year
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Target#! To "ini"ize accidents and in4uries *y ./?

2. ,le"ent of policy= To co"ply #ith the re+uire"ents of national la#

O01ecti e &! To co"ply #ith the re+uire"ents of the sections of the factories ordinance and to co"ply #ith changes expected in the occupational safety and health in the next year. Target !# 2aking changes in the "achinery at the #orking site in co"pliance #ith the re+uire"ents of the factories ordinance 2. Purchase ne# "achinery #hich are co"plied #ith the re+uire"ents of the factories ordinance

(b) 0dentify roles of indi'iduals in'ol'ed

#$2 Responsi0ilities of %ndi iduals 0ndi'iduals are ha'ing a responsi*ility of carrying out their assigned duties. 0n order to achie'e effecti'e results of safety and health progra"s all the e"ployees in'ol'ed in the #ork place should *e 'ery #ell a#are of their duties and responsi*ilities. #$2$# )ro1ect directors

Appro'e the safety *udget for safety related #ork and other e+uip"ent Periodically discuss and re'ie# the status of co"pliance #ith the factories ordinance #ith the top "anage"ent of the co"pany.

,nsure that "achinery and e+uip"ents are purchased) "aintained and exa"ined #hile ensuring the co"pliance #ith the re+uire"ents of the national la#.
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7'ersee the acti'ities of the co"pany through out the pro4ect #ork.

#$2$& )ro1ect managers The "anagers of the co"pany ha'e responsi*ilities in their area of control.

,nsure that they carry out their #ork in accordance #ith the duties and responsi*ilities as descri*ed in the safety and health policy.

,nsure that the construction acti'ities are carried out according to the re+uire"ents of the national la#.

Anderstand and enforce the accident pre'ention policy and occupational health and safety legislation.

They shall inspect "achinery) e+uip"ent and structures regularly and to ensure that any defects disco'ered are re"edied right a#ay.

,nsure that the rele'ant health and safety procedures and policies ha'e *een i"ple"ented.

,nsure that the e"ployees are instructed #ell on ho# to use the "achinery and e+uip"ents safely.

Pro'ide super'isory staff #ith proper) #ell="aintained tools and e+uip"ent and special personal protecti'e e+uip"ent re+uired.

Pro'ide ongoing health and safety education progra"s and first aid training courses re+uired

,nsure that ade+uate first=aid facilities are a'aila*le and #ell "aintained. ,nsure all the accidents are reported in co"pliance #ith the re+uire"ents of the policy.

0dentify all risks to health and safety and control the" effecti'ely. 2onitoring the effecti'eness of risk control "easures regularly. Ad'ice upon the health and safety policy #hen re+uested *y either the directors:partners or e"ployees.

#$2$' Responsi0le Officer *management representati e on occupational health and safety+ Asually a "e"*er of the top "anage"ent of the co"pany shall *e appointed *y the co"pany for occupational health and safety. The responsi*le officer is the person #ho is ha'ing the responsi*ility of o'erall health and safety of the co"pany and to pro'ide safe #ork place.

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The responsi*le officer has to ensure ade+uate resources are pro'ided in order to "eet health and safety o*4ecti'es as #ell as to i"ple"ent strategies.

,nsure appropriate health and safety policies and procedures are de'eloped

and i"ple"ented to ena*le the health and safety as #ell as to control risk of the #ork place.

,nsure that "echanis"s are pro'ided so that in a case of proposals) changes to

the #ork place and other procedures the e"ployees and their representati'e can consult the responsi*le officer.

,nsure that appropriate steps are carried out in order to assess the safety

perfor"ances of the "anagers and super'isors.

2ake sure that "echanis"s are pro'ided to "onitor and report the health and

safety of the #ork place regularly.

,nsure that the annual health and safety strategic plans are "ade and

i"ple"ented to "eet the o*4ecti'es of health and safety.

#$2$. Safety 3o!ordinators4Officers The occupational health and safety coordinator has a responsi*ility on coordinating the "anage"ent of the co"pany on *ehalf of the responsi*le officer.

8afety coordinator shall ad'ice the "anage"ent and e"ployees on$ pre'enting in4ury and illness to personnel in'ol'ed in #ork place and da"age to plant and e+uip"ent the legal re+uire"ents #hich affect safety) health and #elfare use of protecti'e clothing and e+uip"ent potential hazards on ne# contracts *efore #ork starts and precautions re+uired to carry out their #ork changes in legislation 9ecord and analyze infor"ation on in4uries) illness) and da"age and production loss. Assess accident trends and re'ie# o'erall safety perfor"ances. 2aintain contact #ith the top "anage"ent. Take part in #orkplace discussions and progra"s on in4ury) health and #elfare) da"age control.
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Beep up=to=date #ith reco""ended codes of practice and ne# safety and health literature. Ad"inister safety and health progra"s. Assist in accident in'estigations) analysis and preparation of accident reports and su""aries. Prepare inspection reports. ,nsure that correcti'e action has *een taken #hene'er deficiencies are identified. Assist #ith safety se"inars or training.

#$2$/ Responsi0ilities of design engineers

,nsure the design and structural #ork in co"pliance #ith the factories ordinance. Asing 'arious "ethodologies to *ring up creati'e ideas to co"parati'e research and design.

2aking a "odel of the design *efore actually proceeding #ith the real designing construction.

Ci'ing instructions on the design of the construction to the super'isors. !o""unication #ith other parties in'ol'ed and #ork as a tea".

#$2$2 Responsi0ilities of supply engineers

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Purchase goods) "aterials) e+uip"ents and "achinery in co"pliance #ith the factories ordinance.

Purchase personal protecti'e e+uip"ents (PP,) necessary for different kinds of tasks. 0nfor" site engineers a*out the a'aila*ility of existing safety e+uip"ents.

#$2$5 Responsi0ilities of site engineers

0dentify hazards in sites and find out the re+uire"ents in co"pliance #ith the factories ordinance.

,nsure that the construction acti'ities are carried out according to the national la#s. Pro'ide suita*le protecti'e e+uip"ents for the e"ployees #orking in the construction site.

,nsure that all "achinery in'ol'ed in the construction acti'ities are #ell exa"ined and "aintained according to national la#s.

2ake sure that the e"ployees are properly trained to perfor" specific tasks. !o""unication #ith other parties in'ol'ed and #ork as a tea".

#$2 Super isors4 Line management

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9esponsi*ilities of super'isors are as follo#s$

Assign duties to e"ployees and super'ise the" #ith their #ork and

co""unicate #ith e"ployees on ho# successfully has the #ork *een done.

!orrect unsafe #orks practices and identify hazards *y carrying out regular

inspections in the #ork place and take necessary steps to a'oid the" *efore dangerous occurrences take place and ensure that the e"ployees #ork in a harass"ent free en'iron"ent.

7rganize his:her depart"ent and e"ployees) 'isualize future i"pacts and

needs.

,nsure that ne# e"ployees recei'e training as #ell as detailed safety

instructions *efore they are allo#ed to start #ork.

9e'ie#ing the safety perfor"ance of each e"ployee fro" ti"e to ti"e. 9e+uire a de"onstration of the #orking a*ilities fro" the e"ployees *efore

they actually allo#ed #orking indi'idually to ensure their safety.

2ake sure that e"ployees o*tain so"e additional training in a case of not

doing their 4o*s safely.

De a#are of the hazards that exist for the short ter") te"porary and ne#ly

hired e"ployee.

8uper'ise the e"ployees #hen they are recei'ing 4o* safety training. 9epresent the "anage"ent in the co"pany. !o=operate #ith "e"*ers of health and safety co""ittee Pro'ide an exa"ple for others *y al#ays directing and perfor"ing #ork in a

safe "anner.

Arrange for "edical treat"ent as re+uired) including transportation to a doctor

or hospital as necessary.

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9eport all accidents i""ediately) in'estigate all accidents fully) and ad'ise

"anage"ent on ho# to pre'ent si"ilar accidents in the future.

1old regular safety "eetings or discussions to re'ie# safety conditions and

general safety policies.

Acco"pany the go'ern"ent inspector during pro4ect inspections.

#$2$6 Responsi0ilities of contractors All contractors including "ain contractor and su* contractors are responsi*le for the safety of the other e"ployees and "anaging the safety in the construction sites.

The "ain contractor shall ensure that) other contractors are co"plied #ith the relating regulations of the factories ordinance in addition to hi" *eing co"plied #ith the factories ordinance.

0dentify hazards in construction sites and take necessary steps to pre'ent the" *efore

e"ploying the e"ployees in #ork.

!orrect hazards in case the contractor has the authority of doing so. 0n a case #hen a hazard can>t *e corrected *y the contractor) he shall find out

i""ediately #ho has such authority to do so and infor" other contractors a*out this) and if the hazard can>t *e corrected) contractor shall re"o'e the e"ployees in case he is una*le to pro'ide their protection.
!orrect any hazard i""ediately #hich has *een created *y e"ployees and a#areness

of ne# hazards that can take place.

0nstruct the e"ployees on ho# to protect their sel'es in dangerous occurrences and

hazardous conditions.

,nsure that accidents) industrial diseases and all such dangerous occurrences shall *e reported in accordance #ith the regulations of the factories ordinance.

All "achinery including high risk "achinery shall *e "aintained) exa"ined to co"ply #ith factories ordinance.
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,nsure that the e"ployees are a#are on health and safety la#s in the country and #ork accordingly.

,nsure that the e"ployees are a*le to perfor" their rele'ant tasks safely #ith ade+uate training.

,nsure that the records shall *e "aintained in co"pliance #ith the factories ordinance.

8ufficient pro'iding of *udget for safe #ork purposes. A co"petent person shall *e appointed in order to look after the co"pliance issues relating to factories ordinance.

#$2$#7 Responsi0ilities Su0!contractors A su* contractor shall not co""ence #ork unless he$

is pro'ided #ith a copy of health and safety "anage"ent plan has undertaken risk assess"ent in the #ork place #here the #ork should *e carried out and should send this letter to the "ain: principal contractor

has ensured that they and their e"ployees ha'e undertaken induction in health "aintains and keep up=to=date the safe #ork "ethod state"ent pro'ides the principal contractor #ith updated safe #ork "ethod state"ents and

and safety training as re+uired

other infor"ation relating to hazardous su*stances #$2$## 8mployees ,"ployees in the co"pany ha'e the responsi*ility of protecting the"sel'es as #ell as the other fello# #orkers> health and safety at the sa"e ti"e. They are duties and responsi*ilities are as follo#s$

!arry out #ork in such a "anner that #ould not create health and safety hazard to e"ployee or others.

!o"ply #ith the re+uired safety "easures. Assist in the reduction and controlling of accident and illness producing conditions. 9eport incidents) near "isses) in4uries) or illnesses that takes place in the #ork place Ase the correct tools and e+uip"ent for the 4o*.
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2aintain the #orking tools and e+uip"ents in good condition. Ase the re+uired safety e+uip"ent and protecti'e clothing. 0nfor" a*out the defects in #orkplace e+uip"ent. (e'elop a personal concern for health and safety for yourself and for others) especially for ne#co"ers and young people in the #orking place.

8uggest #ays to eli"inate hazards in the #orking en'iron"ent. 9ead) understand) and co"ply #ith #orkplace health and safety policy) safe #ork practices and procedures.

!o=operate #ith health and safety co""ittee "e"*ers and representati'es.

#$2$#& 9ealth and safety committee <oru" for "anage"ent to consult #ith the e"ployees on *road health) safety and #elfare as #ell as policy issues #ould *e the health and safety co""ittee. 1ealth and safety co""ittee consist of e"ployees and "e"*ers of the "anage"ent. 1o# the "e"*ers can *e selected is specified in health and safety legislations. Cenerally) "anage"ent "e"*ers are selected *y the "anage"ent and the #orker "e"*ers are selected *y e"ployees or *y union if there is one. 9esponsi*ilities of the health and safety co""ittee are listed *elo#

Assist in the de'elop"ent) "onitoring and re'ie#ing the health and safety policy and other procedures.

!onsider the changes or any suggestions in policies) procedures and #ork practices that #ould affect the health and safety of e"ployees.

Pro"ote the i"portance of health and safety a"ong all the e"ployees and "anage"ent.

2onitoring health and safety perfor"ances in the #ork place. 2onitoring the reha*ilitation of in4ured e"ployees. Assist in the resolution of health sand safety contends.

#$2$#' 9ealth and safety representati es

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To represent e"ployees on health and safety "atters the organization #ill facilitate the for"ation of #ork groups and election of health and safety representati'es. The responsi*ilities of these representati'es are to$

0n'estigating health and safety co"plaints *efore representing the" to the "anage"ent.

9epresent e"ployees fro" their #ork group on "atters related to health and safety. (iscuss any proposals or "atters that #ould affect the health and safety of the e"ployees.

2ake representations to the "anage"ent of health and safety "atters and report the" *ack to the e"ployees.

Assist "anage"ent in identification of hazards) risk assess"ent and i"ple"entation of hazard control "easures.

P2.2 9eco""end training needs for the present situation *y analyzing the training) #hich has already conducted and also analyzing the types of accidents happened in the site. Analysis of training gi en and accidents occurred in XYZ co Ltd Types of accidents <atal accidents 8erious accidents 9eporta*le accidents 2inor accidents 3u"*er 1 @/ 12@ 2E

Accident <alling fro" heights (ue to lifting of "aterials (ue to electricity 7ther

3u"*er 2. 1E 1/ 1@F

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A*out 225 accidents ha'e occurred in the construction site including falling fro" heights) due to lifting of "aterials and due to electricity.

7nly induction training has *een gi'en to /-- #orkers out of 2--- #orkers #orking in the site) therefore the rest has *een #orking #ith no training on health and safety.

A fatal accident has taken place due to falling fro" heights and se'eral nu"*ers of accidents ha'e occurred due to sa"e reason and there #as no action taken in order to pre'ent it.

3o training records or e'idence a'aila*le. 3o site safety inspection records #ere a'aila*le. 0t appears to *e no risk assess"ent ha *een done since sa"e accidents ha'e taken place repeatedly.

7nly responsi*le person responsi*le #as the site super'isor and none of the others concerned or a#are of the risks in the construction site.

3o proper accident infor"ing syste" #as a'aila*le and only site accidents ha'e *een recorded #hile taking the in4ured person to the go'ern"ent hospitals.

7nly a fe# accidents ha'e *een discussed #ith the safety co""ittee.

XY co &td should i"ple"ent the follo#ing procedures and reco""endations$

,sta*lish a proper record syste" in the #ork place. 8hall "aintain all the records of accidents and incidents and other rele'ant records according to the re+uire"ents of the factories ordinance.

,nsure that all the #orkers including "anage"ent staff and super'isors are a#are their duties and responsi*ilities relating to health and safety.

Take arrange"ents to "onitor the health and safety situation in the site and health and safety perfor"ances of the #orkers.

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0nduction training should *e gi'en to all the #orkers *ased on their acti'ities on the sites and ensure that they are a#are of the risks in the sites and they are in a position to #ork safely.

2ake proper arrange"ents to re'ie# the health and safety policy and "ake appropriate changes in the policy.

,nsure that all the acti'ities are perfor"ed according to the re+uire"ents of the factories ordinance.

Take necessary arrange"ents and safety precautions to pre'ent sa"e accidents occurring se'eral ti"es and ensure the safety of the #orkers.

22

& Training in health and safety &$# :ackground of training ,"ployee education and training on ho# to conduct their #ork safely helps to "ini"ize the risk of exposure to hazardous conditions and is an essential ele"ent of any co"plete #orkplace health and safety progra". 7ther than ho# to do the 4o* safely the training "ust also ensure that #orkers understand the hazards of their 4o*. 0t "ust also pro'ide the" #ith infor"ation on ho# to protect the"sel'es and co=#orkers and a*out safety precautions they ha'e to follo# #hen #orking in the site. 0n construction industry people are e"ployed in a dyna"ic and e'er changing en'iron"ent. As the #orkers "o'e fro" pro4ect to pro4ect the risk of hazard keep on changing fre+uently. Therefore instruction and training is re+uired to ensure that people can #ork safely in construction sites. 1ealth and safety training can *e classified as *elo#$

As sho#n in the diagra" there are three types of training re+uired for office #orkers
%nduction Training; Trains ne# #orkers to get to kno# the *asics such as fire

e'acuation) good housekeeping) electricity and 6(A safety and the safety and health policy
23

 Skill Training! 8taff #ho has specific responsi*ilities under the safety and health policy

can undertake the" in a co"petent "anner ,.g. "anual handling training) 6(A assess"ent) office inspections and accident in'estigations
(anagement training ! pro'ide a good o'er'ie# of the la# including guidance and need

for risk assess"ent as #ell as for preparing safety "anage"ent progra""es <or #ork places #hich are #ell organised the safety and health policy should include the training progra""e and co""it"ent to pro'ide resources to i"ple"ent it. The kno#ledge of the #orkers to do #hat is expected fro" the" is the key to induction and skill training. 2anage"ent training in'ol'es understanding of the process of risk assess"ent and their legal o*ligations. The training can *e *ased on the accident trends for the #ork place en'iron"ent such as slips) trips and fall) *ack in4uries fro" "anual handling) upper li"* disorders etc. &$& %nduction training This can *e further di'ided in to three types. &$&$# -eneral induction training This training pro'ides a *asic kno#ledge of the re+uire"ents of the occupational health and safety la#s) hazards that is likely to occur in the construction sites and ho# to control those risks for the persons #ho are entering the construction industry.

&$&$& Site induction training This training pro'ides infor"ation as #ell as instruction to any person #ho is engaged in the construction site #ith the kno#ledge of the contractor>s rules and procedures for site safety)

24

e"ergency "anage"ent) super'isory and reporting arrange"ent and other issues on the construction sites. 0n site specific induction training

The person should not *e allo#ed in the construction site *y the principal contractor #ithout ensuring that he has undertaken site specific induction training.

3o person shall *e allo#ed in any part of the #ork place #here construction acti'ities are *eing perfor"ed unless it is confir"ed *y the principal contractor) that the person has undertakes site specific induction training or acco"panied *y the principal contractor or any one else #ho has *een gi'en site specific induction for the #ork place.

&$&$' Task specific induction training Task specific induction training pro'ides infor"ation to any person undertaking any kind of construction acti'ity on risk factors and control "easures related to that follo#ing task. 0t can *e 'aried depending on the type of construction acti'ities. &$' Training need analysis The training need analysis "ust *e done to all the #orkers in'ol'ed in the #ork place including the top "anage"ent according to their role. Training e'aluation and all the records "ust *e a'aila*le and "aintained. &$. 3ompetency 0ased training 0n a case of follo#ing operations) the co"petency *ased training is re+uired.

!ranes and lifting "achinery operators Pressure 'essel operators ,rectors of scaffolding Dlasting operations

&$/ Safety notice 0oard

25

A notice *oard should *e displayed and e'ery appropriate in the #ork site. 7ccupational safety and health policy) safety rules and regulations of the #ork place) (<0, and !<0, addresses) and accident details and analysis can *e displayed as notices #hich are related to health and safety of the #ork place. The "ain reason of displaying a notice *oard is to gi'e infor"ation and instructions on health and safety. 3or"ally it is used for general internal co""unications. (epending on the places #here these notice *oards are displayed 'isitors) contractors can also read the". &$2 Safety signs 8afety signs #ill *e displayed at appropriate places in the #orksite. (efinitions for safety signs are as follo#s$ G <anger= shall *e used in "a4or situations of hazard #here an i""ediate hazard presents a threat of death or serious in4ury to e"ployees. (anger tags shall *e used only in these situations. 9eco""ended colures are red predo"inantly red #ith lettering or sy"*ols in contrasting colours.

G >arning= !an *e used to represent a hazard le'el *et#een H!autionH and H(anger)H instead of the re+uired H!autionH tag) pro'ided that they ha'e a signal #ord of HIarningH. 0t indicates a hazardous situation #hich could result death or serious in4ury if not a'oided. 9eco""ended colours are orange or predo"inantly orange #ith lettering or sy"*ols in contrasting colours.

26

P2.F (escri*e the "ethods of recording health and safety inspections and data in the gi'en case. ' (ethods of recording health & safety inspections & data

(ata and records are the "ost con'incing proof in a #ork place that helps to plan and continue safety and health i"ple"entation procedures 9ecords "ust *e kept a'aila*le of all training progra"s and accidents that ha'e occurred. 1a'ing e"ployees sign log sheets indicating that they recei'ed training and date it. Accidents should *e in'estigated and causes of the accident recorded as #ell as all circu"stances surrounding it. 1a'e records of hazard that ha'e *een identified as #ell has hazards that has *een corrected. 2aterial 8afety (ata 8heets (28(8) for all "aterials need to *e kept in a central location and a'aila*le to all e"ployees.

'$# Types of data

Iork per"it syste"s Personal protecti'e e+uip"ent (PP,) registers ,"ergency preparedness and procedures (,"ergency "ock drills) 9ecords of "aintenance "achinery ; periodic test records Accident and incident reports and records 2inutes of health and safety "eetings Training records

'$#$# >ork permit systems

27

Iork per"it is a for"al #ritten authority for"al for e"ployees to carry out #ork and per"it issued *y authorised person. Iork per"it is necessary #hen high risk or strict control o'er the 4o* perfor" are needed. These are issued for energy control or isolation and also in entry to confined spaces. Decause those places are #here control "easures shall *e taken specially in order to pre'ent *eing exposed to hazardous conditions. T#o copies issued #ork per"it syste" shall *e gi'en trades person and the final copy "ust *e kept in a file. Iork per"it syste"s are needed in follo#ing operations$ in significant risk acti'ities) #orking at heights) repairs to electrical syste"s) exca'ation and hot #ork.

<ollo#ing "ust *e included in a #ork per"it$

0dentification of hazards 3ecessary precautions taken Prepare and signed= trades person Ackno#ledg"ent=signed *y the authorised person 1anding o'er=specify hour li"its 1anding *ack=singed *y trades person Iork co"pletion=signed *y authorised person

'$#$& )ersonal protecti e e?uipment *))8+ 8uita*le protecti'e e+uip"ents and clothing shall *e pro'ided to all the e"ployees regarding to the type of #ork and risks. These shall *e pro'ided free of charge to the #orkers. These e+uip"ents "ust co"ply #ith the re+uire"ents of standards set *y the co"petent authority.

0t is reco""ended to "aintain registers for gi'ing personal protecti'e e+uip"ents to the e"ployees. This register should contain details such as the na"e of the PP, recei'er

28

(e"ployee)) date) ti"e gi'en and the signature of the e"ployee. Iorkers are re+uired to use these e+uip"ents properly and take good care of the".

'$#$' 8mergency preparedness and procedures Any organization "ust esta*lish and "aintain a procedure to identify potential for e"ergency situations and ho# to respond in such situation. 0n planning the e"ergency response the organization shall take rele'ant interested arties into account such as e"ergency parties and neigh*ours. 0t is also i"portant for the organization to check their response to e"ergency situations periodically as far as practica*le. These procedures shall *e re'ie#ed periodically and after the occurrence of an e"ergency situation. Appropriate changes shall *e "ade in these procedures accordingly.

'$#$. (aintenance of plant and machinery 0n order to pre'ent accidents and dangerous occurrences due to *reak do#ns or failure) all plants and "achinery shall *e #ell "aintained and inspected regularly. ,ach plant in the #ork place "ust ha'e separate identification. Appropriate checklists "ust *e prepared for plants and "achinery inspections and a log *ook "ust *e "aintained for record keeping. 8elf inspections "ust *e done to ensure that they are functioning properly. Periodical tests should *e carried out in accordance #ith the re+uire"ents specified in the factories ordinance in the types of e+uip"ents and plants a'aila*le in the #ork place. All the records relating to these procedures should *e "aintained and kept a'aila*le for inspection.

'$#$/ Accident reporting and records Ihen and accident occurred (depending on the se'erity of the in4uries) it shall *e i""ediately reported to the super'isor or "anage"ent then proper arrange"ents shall *e

29

taken to ensure the safety of the in4ured person. <a"ily of the in4ured person should *e notified a*out the accident *y the #ork place i""ediately. 8uita*le type of accident recording for" "ust *e prepared to record accidents. This for" shall include data such as the na"e of the in4ured person) place of #ork) type of accident) ti"e) #hat he #as doing at the ti"e of accident) etc. '$#$2 Training records ,"ployees shall *e gi'en training depending on their type of #ork to *e perfor"ed and all these training records "ust *e "aintained and kept a'aila*le for inspections.

'$& 9ealth and Safety inspections '$#$# >alk around inspections Ialk around inspections "ust *e carried out at the *eginning of e'ery 4o*. Appropriate inspections carried out along #ith prepared checklists to carry out the inspections and record the" do#n. !hecklists "ust *e prepared according to types of hazard. 0nspection "ust *e done *y a tea" of e"ployees. 9egular inspection of #ork areas reduces and often eli"inates potential hazards. The follo#ing ite"s need to *e inspected on a daily *asis$

,+uip"ent guards and shields Personal protecti'e e+uip"ent 1ousekeeping Po#er tools) cords) and extension cords &adders 1and tools 2aterials handling e+uip"ent

'$#$& Self inspections

30

A #orker #ho is occupying in a li"ited area) a "achine operator can use self inspections in order to ensure his o#n safety. 0nspections "ust *e recorded to ensure that area is hazard o*ser'ed and free to carry on #ork. <e# exa"ples for such self inspections that can *e carried out are inspecting an exca'ation *efore #ork starts) exa"ining the "achine *efore operating it #hether its safely guarded or not) inspection of scaffolding *efore using it. '$#$' Statutory inspections 0n this inspection the chief factory inspecting engineer along #ith the responsi*le officer #ill inspect the #ork place and #ill explain on the prohi*itions and i"pro'e"ents necessary to *e done in order to "ake the #oke place a "ore safe place and to co"ply #ith the re+uire"ents of the la#. '$#$. Special inspections This type of inspections #ill *e expected to carry out *y the "anage"ent of the #ork place relating to accidents) illnesses other dangerous occurrences took place. 0n accordance #ith the co"plaints *y the trade union or group of e"ployees "anage"ent #ill carry out inspections.

)eriodic inspections need to 0e carried in the "ork place for the follo"ing according to the a aila0ility=

<irst aid) e"ergency e+uip"ent) e"ergency #ater supplies <ire extinguishers Iiring) lighting) and electrical *oxes 6entilation ,+uip"ent storage and shop arrange"ent Pesticide storage and disposal <uel storage

Appendix A= 8afety signs= (anger signs

31

32

Appendix D =safety signs= Iarning signs

33

34

Appendix != 8afety signs= !aution signs

35

36

Appendix (=sa"ple fire protection checklist

37

@ire )rotection 0s your local fire depart"ent fa"iliar #ith your facility) its location and specific hazardsJ 0f you ha'e a fire alar" syste") is it certified as re+uired and tested annuallyJ 0f you ha'e interior standpipes and 'al'es) are they inspected regularlyJ 0f you ha'e outside pri'ate fire hydrants) are they flushed at least once a year and on a routine pre'enti'e "aintenance scheduleJ Are fire doors and shutters in good operating conditionJ Are fire doors and shutters uno*structed and protected against o*structions) including their counter#eightsJ Are fire doors and shutter fusi*le links in placeJ Are auto"atic sprinkler syste" #ater control 'al'es) air and #ater pressure checked periodically as re+uiredJ 0s the "aintenance of auto"atic sprinkler syste"s assigned to responsi*le persons or to a sprinkler contractorJ Are sprinkler heads protected *y "etal guards if exposed to potential physical da"ageJ 0s proper clearance "aintained *elo# sprinkler headsJ Are porta*le fire extinguishers pro'ided in ade+uate nu"*er and type and "ounted in readily accessi*le locationsJ Are fire extinguishers recharged regularly #ith this noted on the inspection tagJ Are e"ployees periodically instructed in the use of fire extinguishers and fire protection proceduresJ Are there other issuesJ

Appendix ,=sa"ple "achine guarding checklist (achine -uarding 0s there a training progra" to instruct e"ployees on safe "ethods of "achine operationJ
38

0s there ade+uate super'ision to ensure that e"ployees are follo#ing safe "achine operating proceduresJ 0s there a regular progra" of safety inspection of "achinery and e+uip"entJ 0s all "achinery and e+uip"ent kept clean and properly "aintainedJ 0s sufficient clearance pro'ided around and *et#een "achines to allo# for safe operations) set up and ser'icing) "aterial handling and #aste re"o'alJ 0s e+uip"ent and "achinery securely placed and anchored to pre'ent tipping or other "o'e"ent that could result in personal in4uryJ 0s there a po#er shut=off s#itch #ithin reach of the operatorKs position at each "achineJ !an electric po#er to each "achine *e locked out for "aintenance) repair) or securityJ Are the noncurrent=carrying "etal parts of electrically operated "achines *onded and groundedJ Are foot=operated s#itches guarded or arranged to pre'ent accidental actuation *y personnel or falling o*4ectsJ Are "anually operated 'al'es and s#itches controlling the operation of e+uip"ent and "achines clearly identified and readily accessi*leJ Are all e"ergency stop *uttons coloured redJ Are all pulleys and *elts #ithin @ feet (2.1FFE "eters) of the floor or #orking le'el properly guardedJ Are all "o'ing chains and gears properly guardedJ Are splash guards "ounted on "achines that use coolant to pre'ent the coolant fro" reaching e"ployeesJ Are "ethods pro'ided to protect the operator and other e"ployees in the "achine area fro" hazards created at the point of operation) ingoing nip points) rotating parts) flying chips and sparksJ Are "achine guards secure and arranged so they do not cause a hazard #hile in useJ 0f special hand tools are used for placing and re"o'ing "aterial) do they protect the operatorKs handsJ Are re'ol'ing dru"s) *arrels and containers guarded *y an enclosure that is interlocked #ith the dri'e "echanis" so that re'olution cannot occur unless the guard enclosure is in placeJ (o ar*ors and "andrels ha'e fir" and secure *earings) and are they free fro" playJ Are pro'isions "ade to pre'ent "achines fro" auto"atically starting #hen po#er is restored after a po#er failure or shutdo#nJ Are "achines constructed so as to *e free fro" excessi'e 'i*ration #hen the largest size tool is "ounted and run at full speedJ 0f "achinery is cleaned #ith co"pressed air) is air pressure controlled and PP, or other safeguards utilized to protect operators and other #orkers fro" eye and *ody
39

in4uryJ Are fan *lades protected #ith a guard ha'ing openings no larger than l:2 inch (1.2@-- centi"etres) #hen operating #ithin @ feet (2.1FFE "eters) of the floorJ Are sa#s used for ripping e+uipped #ith anti=kick*ack de'ices and spreadersJ Are radial ar" sa#s so arranged that the cutting head #ill gently return to the *ack of the ta*le #hen releasedJ Are there other issuesJ

Appendix <=sa"ple checklist for PP, and clothing )ersonal )rotecti e 8?uipment and 3lothing 1as the e"ployer deter"ined #hether hazards that re+uire the use of PP, (e.g.) head) eye) face) hand) or foot protection) are present or are likely to *e presentJ 0f hazards or the likelihood of hazards are found) are e"ployers selecting appropriate and properly fitted PP, suita*le for protection fro" these hazards and
40

ensuring that affected e"ployees use itJ 1a'e *oth the e"ployer and the e"ployees *een trained on PP, procedures) i.e.) #hat PP, is necessary for 4o* tasks) #hen #orkers need it) and ho# to properly #ear and ad4ust itJ Are protecti'e goggles or face shields pro'ided and #orn #here there is any danger of flying particles or corrosi'e "aterialsJ Are appro'ed safety glasses re+uired to *e #orn at all ti"es in areas #here there is a risk of eye in4uries such as punctures) a*rasions) contusions) or *urnsJ Are e"ployees #ho #ear correcti'e lenses (glasses or contacts) in #orkplaces #ith har"ful exposures re+uired to #ear only appro'ed safety glasses) protecti'e goggles) or use other "edically appro'ed precautionary proceduresJ Are protecti'e glo'es) aprons) shields) or other "eans pro'ided and re+uired #here e"ployees could *e cut or #here there is reasona*ly anticipated exposure to corrosi'e li+uids) che"icals) *lood) or other potentially infectious "aterialsJ Are hard hats re+uired) pro'ided and #orn #here danger of falling o*4ects existsJ Are hard hats periodically inspected for da"age to the shell and suspension syste"J 0s appropriate foot protection re+uired #here there is the risk of foot in4uries fro" hot) corrosi'e) or poisonous su*stances) falling o*4ects) crushing) or penetrating actionsJ Are appro'ed respirators pro'ided #hen neededJ 0s all PP, "aintained in a sanitary condition and ready for useJ 0s food or *e'erages consu"ed only in areas #here there is no exposure to toxic "aterial) *lood) or other potentially infectious "aterialsJ 0s protection against the effects of occupational noise pro'ided #hen sound le'els exceed those of the 781A 3oise standardJ Are ade+uate #ork procedures) PP, and other e+uip"ent pro'ided and used #hen cleaning up spilled hazardous "aterialsJ Are appropriate procedures in place to dispose of or deconta"inate PP, conta"inated #ith) or reasona*ly anticipated to *e conta"inated #ith) *lood or other potentially infectious "aterialsJ Are there other issuesJ

Appendix C=sa"ple checklist for record keeping

Recordkeeping Are occupational in4uries or illnesses) except "inor in4uries re+uiring only first aid) recorded as re+uired on the 781A F-- logJ
41

Are e"ployee "edical records and records of e"ployee exposure to hazardous su*stances or har"ful physical agents up=to=date and in co"pliance #ith current 781A standardsJ Are training records of e"ployees kept and accessi*le for re'ie# *y e"ployees) as re+uired *y 781A standardsJ 1a'e arrange"ents *een "ade to retain records for the ti"e period re+uired for each specific type of recordJ (8o"e records "ust *e "aintained for at least .- years.) Are operating per"its and records up=to=date for ite"s such as ele'ators) air pressure tanks) li+uefied petroleu" gas tanks) etc.J Are there other issuesJ

Appendix 1= 8a"ple accident:incident report

Accident4%ncident Report @orm

(ate of incident$ LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL Ti"e$ LLLLLLLL A2:P2

42

3a"e of in4ured person$ Address$ Phone 3u"*er(s)$ (ate of *irth$ LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL 2ale LLLLLL <e"ale LLLLLLL 8yste" ,"ployee

Iho #as in4ured personJ (!ircle one) Passenger Type of in4ury$ (etails of incident$

0n4ury re+uires physician:hospital 'isitJ 3a"e of physician:hospital$ Address$ Physician:hospital phone nu"*er$

Yes LLL

3o LLLLL

8ignature of in4ured party LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL M3o "edical attention #as desired and:or re+uired.

(ate

8ignature of in4ured party

(ate

9eturn this for" to 8afety !oordinator #ithin 2. hours of incident.

9eference &ist Iiki"edia foundation (2-1-) N7ccupational safety and health>. OAccessed -. April 2-1-P) http$::en.#ikipedia.org:#iki:7ccupationalLsafetyLandLhealth

A.8. (epart"ent of &a*our (2-1-) N8afety incident report> OAccessed -. April 2-1-P) http$::###.osha.go':8&T!:etools:safetyhealth:i"ages:safetyreport..4peg

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!anadian !entre for 7ccupational 1ealth ; 8afety (2--@) NDasic 71;8 Progra" ,le"ents> OAccessed -Q April 2-1-P) http$::###.ccohs.ca:oshans#ers:hsprogra"s:*asic.ht"l

!anadian !entre for 7ccupational 1ealth ; 8afety (2--@) NCuide to Iriting an 718 Policy 8tate"ent> OAccessed 1@ April 2-1-P http$::###.ccohs.ca:oshans#ers:hsprogra"s:oshLpolicy.ht"l

Professional 1ealth ; safety consultants (2--E) Nessential for"at and content of the policy state"ent> safety policy. OAccessed 2- April 2-1-P) http$::###.healthandsafety.co.uk:8afPolnfo.ht"l

Professional 1ealth ; safety consultants (2--E) N2anagers and super'isors> responsibilities. OAccessed 2- April 2-1-P) http$::###.healthandsafety.co.uk:"anage.ht"

7klaho"a (2-1-) N8a"ple progra"s> OAccessed 2- April 2-1-P) http$::###.ok.go':odol:docu"ents:ssh.pdf

38I go'ern"ent (2-1-) N1o# do 0 kno# the responsi*ilities of the su*contractorJ> How do I. OAccessed -. April 2-1-P) http$::###.#orkco'er.ns#.go'.au:a*outus:ho#doi:Pages:1(08u*contractorduties.aspx

7ccupational 1ealth ; 8afety !o=ordinating !o""ittee (2--.) NPolicy (e'elop"ent ; 0"ple"entation> Occupational Health & Safety Policy Development, Communication & Implementation !oles and !esponsibilities. OAccessed -Q April 2-1-P) http$::#x.toronto.ca:intra:hr:policies.nsf:5fff25*@2F@255*FQ/2/E@25--.*Q..*:2FF*cd1ea11 F@../Q/2/Ee2*--.*/@cdJ7pen(ocu"ent 44

8afety 8yste"s ; 8olutions) 0nc. (2---) N781A ; 281A co"pliance ; your co"pany safety policy (for !ontractors)> OAccessed -Q April 2-1-P) http$::###.safetysyste"s.co":osha"sha.ht"

3ational Ag safety data*ase (2--2)N (e'eloping a 8afety and 1ealth Progra" to 9educe 0n4uries and Accident &osses> OAccessed 1@ April 2-1-P http$::nasdonline.org:docu"ent:1EQ-:d--1/@1:de'eloping=a=safety=and=health=progra"=to= reduce.ht"l A.8. (epart"ent of &a*our(2-1-) N781A <or"s for recording #ork=related in4uries and illnesses> OAccessed date 1@ April 2-1-P) http$::###.osha.go':recordkeeping:ne#=oshaF--for"1=1=-..pdf <reesignage.co" (2--E) N781A !aution signs> si"n cate"ories. OAccessed 2. April 2-1-P) http$::###.freesignage.co":oshaLcautionLsigns.php

<reesignage.co" (2--E) N781A (anger signs> si"n cate"ories. OAccessed 2. April 2-1-P) http$::###.freesignage.co":oshaLdangerLsigns.php

2y8afety8ign.co" (2-1-) N781A safety signs> OSH# si"ns. OAccessed 2. April 2-1-P) http$::###."ysafetysign.co":8afety=8igns:781A=8igns.aspx

2y8afety8ign.co" (2-1-) N(efinitions for (anger) Iarning) !aution 8igns that follo# A380
/F/ 8tandards and 781A 151-.1./ 9ules> $hat Header Should I %se&. OAccessed 2. April 2-1-P) http$::###."ysafetysign.co":8A<,:(angerL!autionLIarningL8afetyL8ignsL1eaders.asp

7"ni 8afety (2-1-) N8afety Training> OAccessed 2. April 2-1-P) http$::###.o"nisafety.co":safety=training.ht"

0nternational association of oil ; gas producers > #ork per"it syste"s> 45

OAccessed 2E April 2-1-P) http$::###.ogp.org.uk:pu*s:1Q5.pdf

46