Vocabulary to describe objects: material which is made from natural animal or vegetable substances is natural; material which is made

by a chemical process is synthetic, manmade, artificial material in its natural state is raw If raw materials continue to become more expensive, the cost of manufactured goods is bound to rise too. any material made from cotton, wool, etc which you use for making clothes, curtains, etc: cloth, fabric strong/tough/coarse/delicate material hard extremely hard: rock hard I threw the bread away - it was rock hard.

to become hard: harden Butter hardens when you put it in the fridge. able to stay the same shape when pressed; uite hard: firm; noun !"#: firmness a firm cushion$bed not easily folded, bent, or moved: stiff; noun !"#: stiffness %ou can make a box out of stiff paper or cardboard. to become stiff: stiffen; to cause sth to become stiff: stiffen sth material used to stiffen a belt$collar hard but easily broken: brittle &ld people often have brittle bones. very stiff; not possible to bend; very strong: rigid; noun !"#: rigidity 'ake sure the tent poles are rigid

able to bend easily without breaking: flexible flexible plastic tubing not hard or firm; changing shape easily when pressed: soft; noun !"#: softness a soft bed$pillow soft cheese a chocolate with a soft centre to become soft: soften; to make sth soft: soften sth (often the butter by warming it a little. %ou can soften your skin by putting cream on it. weak and soft; not stiff: limp )hose flowers have gone all limp. Withered, shrivelled: dried up and dead withered leaves soft, loose and hanging downwards: floppy

a puppy with floppy ears smooth and soft to touch; like silk: silky silky hair silky material having an even surface with no lumps or holes: smooth smu ; noun !"#: smoothness smooth skin a smooth lawn the smooth surface of the material the smoothness of her complexion strong paper with sand on it, that is used for rubbing surfaces in order to make them smoother: sandpaper !noun "# not smooth: rough, coarse; noun !"#: roughness rough skin$hands a rough road )he material was a nice colour but it felt very rough against the skin.

!umpy full of lumps !a piece of sth hard#; covered in lumps: lumpy sauce a lumpy mattress "cratchy, itchy !of clothes or cloth# rough and unpleasant to the touch very rough and broken ob*ects and materials, with sharp points, can be called jagged d+ d a *agged edge *agged rocks gelatinous d, l+t n ,s thick and sticky, like a *elly: a gelatinous substance