Case Nos. 13-4178, 14-5003, 14-5006 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

DEREK KITCHEN, individually, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. GARY R. HERBERT, in his official capacity as Governor of Utah, et al., Defendants-Appellants.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Utah, Civil Case No. 2:13-CV-00217-RJS

MARY BISHOP, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, and SUSAN G. BARTON, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees/Cross-Appellants, v. SALLY HOWE SMITH, in her official capacity as Court Clerk for Tulsa County, State of Oklahoma, Defendant-Appellant/Cross-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma, Civil Case No. 04-CV-848-TCK-TLW

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B

RIEF OF

A

MICI

C

URIAE

S

OCIAL

S

CIENCE

P

ROFESSORS IN

S

UPPORT OF

D

EFENDANTS

-A

PPELLANTS AND

R 

EVERSAL

 

 __________________________________________ 

 

David C. Walker, Esq. 2000 S. Colorado Blvd. Tower 2, Ste 700 Denver, CO 80222 Tel: (303) 329-3363 Fax: (303) 393-8438 Email: dwalker@bbdfirm.com

 Attorney for Social Science Professors

 

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Appellate Case: 13-4178 Document: 01019199739 Date Filed: 02/10/2014 Page: 1

EQCF#79 Docket Reference [10148117]

 

 i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................................................................................... ii

 

INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE .............................................................................. 1

 

SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ................................................................................. 2

 

ARGUMENT ............................................................................................................. 4

 

I.

 

Compelling Evidence Shows that Children Benefit from the Unique Parenting Contributions of Both Men and Women. ........................................ 4

 

II.

 

The Claim of “No Difference” In Outcomes of Children Raised By Gay and Lesbian Parents and Intact Biological Parents Is Empirically Undermined by Significant Methodological Limitations. .............................12

 

A.

 

The APA studies are based on small sample sizes. .............................14

 

B.

 

The APA’s studies are largely based on homogeneous samples. .......17

 

C.

 

Most of the samples in the APA-cited studies relied on non-random, convenience sampling. ..........................................................18

 

III.

 

The Largest Population-Based Studies Do Not Confirm the “No Differences” Conclusion About Child Outcomes Among Same-Sex Parents. ...........................................................................................................21

 

CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................28

 

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 32(a) ......................................29

 

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................................................................30

 

CERTIFICATE OF DIGITAL SUBMISSION .......................................................32

 

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Appellate Case: 13-4178 Document: 01019199739 Date Filed: 02/10/2014 Page: 2

 

 ii

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases

 Bowen v. Gilliard 

, 483 U.S. 587 (1987)......................................................................................... 5

 Lofton v. Secretary of the Department of Children and Family Services

, 358 F.3d 804 (11th Cir. 2004) ....................................................................... 14

 Perry v. Schwarzenegger 

, 704 F. Supp. 2d 921 (N.D. Cal. 2010) ............................................................. 6

Other Authorities

Douglas W. Allen et al.,

 Nontraditional Families and Childhood Progress Through School: A Comment on Rosenfeld 

, Demography, November 2012, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-012-0169-x/fulltext.html ................................................................................................ 14 Douglas W. Allen,

 High school graduation rates among children of same-sex households

, Rev. Econ. Household, Sept. 2013 ……………23 Paul R. Amato,

 More Than Money? Men’s Contributions to Their Children’s Lives?

, in Men in Families, When Do They Get Involved? What Difference Does It Make? 267 (1998) ............................................................................... 8 Paul R. Amato & Fernando Rivera,

 Paternal Involvement and Children’s Behavior Problems

, 61 Journal of Marriage and the Family 375 (1999) ........................................................ 11 Gunnar Anderson et al.,

The Demographics of Same-Sex Marriages In Norway and Sweden

, 43 Demography 79 (2006) ............................................................................. 25 Marilyn Coleman et al.,

 Reinvestigating Remarriage: Another Decade of Progress

, 62 Journal of Marriage and the Family 1288 (2000) ...................................................... 16

Appellate Case: 13-4178 Document: 01019199704 Date Filed: 02/10/2014 Page: 3

Appellate Case: 13-4178 Document: 01019199739 Date Filed: 02/10/2014 Page: 3