Heidi At Stathi Fly Lab Report Professor Flynn I.

Title Observing patterns of inheritance in fruit flies Heidi Atstathi, Leigh-Ann Wasneechak, Jhazmin Griffith, Lutfur Nahar II. Abstract The experimental design discussed throughout this report was devised to further investigate and observe the patterns of inheritance in three generations of Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as fruit flies. The aspect of inheritance under study is that of a single trait, eye color . The experiment features a monohybrid cross, where true-breeding parent flies , a red-eyed male and white-eyed female, mate. The procedure then follows with a second cross between the first generation (F1) of offspring in order to observe the pattern of inheritance of eye color in the second (F2) generation of offspring. After the completion of successful breeding across all levels, a chi-square analysis is conducted to evaluate the goodness of fit of the experimental results and to test whether or not the hypothesis was hypothesis was not supported by the experiment as the eye color III. Introduction The experiment is designed to study the pattern of inheritance by studying one a monohybrid cross. In the experiment eye color of true-breeding fruit and white eyed females, were crossed to observe the generation. At the sight of F1 larvae the matings to occur among F1 flies. flies to study the trait in accurate. The

gene was sex linked.

flies, red eyed males

inherited eye colors of F2 offspring

parent generation flies are removed to allow

Data was collected for the phenotypic eye color ratios of F2

inheritance of the dominant eye color alleles through two generations of

flies. It

was hypothesized that, if true-breeding flies are crossed then the F2 generation should be in a ratio of 3:1, demonstrating a dominant allele.

IV. Method Week One: Obtain a small plastic cup that can be fitted with a stopper. Into the cup pour equal parts Drosphila medium and tap water. Onto medium grains of yeast. Stopper close the medium. Before the flies are solution they must be anesthetized in ice enough for three red eyed males and three virgin whited date and label cup. Week Two: Retrieve the cup of flies, anesthetize flies. Pour out dead adult flies,leaving behind F1 larvae, the stopper cup closer. Week Three: Retrieve the cup of flies, anesthetize flies, note uniform eye color of F1 flies. Separate three males and three females into fresh vial with freshly Throw away old vial. Week Four: Anesthetize flies, pour out dead adult flies leaving behind F2 larvae, stopper cup. Week Five: Anesthetize flies long enough to kill them. Observe and count number of each phenotype. Record and observe date. V. Results The experiment demonstrated the pattern of inheritance in fly eye color. By crossing two true-breeding flies, inheritance of alleles was able to be observed through phenotypic expression. Having a parent generation of true-breeding eyed males and true-breeding white eyed females, the monohybrid cross generation of heterozygous offspring. The crossing of the F1 the expected results of a 3:1 ratio, the chi-square sex linked trait and gave unexpected results. Monohybrid Cross- White Eyed Female x Red Eyed Male R R red prepared medium. plastic

solution, place 7

able to be placed into the

them to be stilled for transfer. Place eyed females into the cup, stopper close,

resulted in an F1

generation did not provide

test demonstrated that the eye color was a

R W W RW RW RW RW

F1 Cross RW xRW (expected) 3:1 R R W RR RW RW WW W

Chi-Square Analysis of F2 Phenotypes from Monohybrid Cross Phenotype Observed (o) Expected (e) o-e (o-e)^2 (o-e)^2 /2

Red Eyes White Eyes

55 13

51 17

4 -4

16 16

0.31 0.94

sum of all observed = 68

sum of X^2 = 1.25

70% sure, not strong. Does not support hypothesis, due to sex linked alleles. Does not support 3:1 ratio.

VI. Conclusion Based on these experimental results, it is suggested that the allele for eye color is indeed sex linked. Furthermore, analysis of the phenotypic expression of eye color and its association to sex depicts that the results did not support the hypothesis stating a 3:1 ratio of red eyes to white eyes in the presumed F2 generation of flies.