An Introduction to Life on Earth

The theory of evolution states that: (A) once a species in formed, it remains stable with time, and populations do not change (B) populations always change over time, forming new species (C) populations can changed over time, sometimes forming new species (D) populations that change over time usually become extinct, such the dinosaurs rouping organisms on the basis of common features is called !!!!!"" a) classification c) grouping b) taxonomy d) ran#ing

$ife on earth is carbon based" %imilar molecules could be formed with !!!"" a" &otassium b" Aluminum c" 'ron d. Silicon (ow old is the earth) a. 4. !illion "ears old b" *"+ billion years old c" ,"+ billion years old d" +"- billion years old The oldest fossils found so far date bac# to the a" .ambrian period !. Archean era c" &hanero/oic era d" &rotero/oic 0ra

#io molecules
The ability to do wor# is the definition for: (A) thermodynamics (#) energ" (.) entropy (D) enthalpy The 1irst $aw of Thermodynamics states that energy can be:

(A) destroyed

(#) converted (.) created

(D) all of the above

'n a lipid bilayer, the lipids have a: (A) h"drophilic head (.) hydrophilic tail

(B) hydrophobic head (D) none of the above"

Cell Structure and $unction

The olgi apparatus is involved in: (A) producing lysosomes (B) transporting proteins that are to be released from the cell (.) pac#aging proteins into vessicles (%) all of the a!ove

Active transport of specific molecules involves: (A) permeability and perception (B) endocytosis and phagocytosis (.) diffusion and osmosis (%) energ" and speciali&ed pumps or chanels .hloroplasts and mitochondria have many common characteristics because both: (A) are present in plant cells (.) involve in cell replication (B) function to produce glucose" (%) arose !" endos"m!iosis.

&lant cells store energy in the form of2222222, while animal cells store energy in the form of2222222222222" (A) starch' gl"cogen (B) fructose3 glucose (.) monosaccharides3 disaccharides (D) cellulose3 chitin 'n a lipid bilayer, the lipids have: (A) their water repelling heads facing inward " (#) their water repelling tails facing inward" (.) their hydrogen bond forming heads facing inward (D) none of the above"

4hich structure is common to plant and animal cells) (A) centriole (B) wall made of cellulose (.) central vacuole (%) mitochondrion 4hich of the following is ()* a characteristic of pro#aryotic cells) (A) .ell membrane (B) .ell wall" (.) D5A (%) Endoplasmic reticulum" The rough endoplasmic reticulum is so named because it has an abundance of 22222222222on it"

(A) ri!osomes (.) olgi complexes

(B) nuclear envelope (D) vesicles

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in cells that synthesi/e: (A) lipids (B) protein (.) nucleic acids (D) toxins 4hich structure is ()* part of the endomembrane system) (A) nuclear envelope (B) olgi apparatus (C) chloroplast (D) endoplasmic reticulum

'n which cells primary assimilation of .6, occurs) a) meristematic cells c) parenchymatic cells !) mesoph"llic cells d) root cells

Cellular +espiration
The energy that is available to do wor# in a system is called: (A) free energ" (B) bond energy" (.) activation energy (D) heat"

4hat is the importance of respiration) a)It li!erates energ" c) 't liberates carbon dioxide b) 't produces oxygen to plants d) All the above

Different steps in the respiration is controlled by 22222222222222 a)En&"mes c)7inins b)Auxins d)%ugars

The intermediate compound of aerobic and anaerobic respiration is a).itric acid c)Acetyl .o8A !),"ruvate d) %uccinate

Cellular +eproduction- ,lant and Animal %(A . ,atterns of Inheritance

'n the genetic code, one codon: (A) consists of three bases (.) specifies more than one amino acids

(B) specifies a single amino acids (%) !oth A and #

4hich of the following is ()* a component of D5A) (A) uracil (B) adenine (.) five carbon sugar (D) phosphate groups 4ithin each organism, which nucleotides are found in similar amounts) (A) A and , T and 9 (#) A and *, C and / (.) A and ., . and T (D) A and ., and 9

&roteins contain about ,: specific #inds of amino acid subunits lin#ed together by 22222" (A) peptide !onds. (.) hydrogen bonds" (B) glycosidic bonds" (D) none of the above

The first step in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids is2222222222 a)deamination c)transamination b)nitrogen fixation d)none

The en/yme involved in the synthesis of &;&& (+8phosphoribosyl <8pyrophosphate) during amino acid biosynthesis is 22222222222222 a) ri!ose phosphate p"rophospho0inase b) 58acetylglutamate dehydrogenase c) ornithine %8aminotransferase d) all the above

The region of chromosome to which the spindle fibres are attached is called !!!" a) chromosome !) centromere

c) chromocentre

d) chromonemata

.hromatin consists of !!!" a) ;5A c) ;5A and proteins b) D5A d) %(A and histons

/enetic %isorders
A phospholipid has: (A) a phosphate group in place of one fatt" acid. (B) phosphate groups in place of two fatty two fatty acids" (.) phosphate groups instead of all the fatty acids (D) has all its three fatty acids and a phosphate group" The fluctuation in gene fre=uency is called !!!" a) out breeding c) spectation !) genetic drift d) evolution

The smallest length of D5A which could undergo mutation is called as !!!" a) muton c) recon b) cistron d) All the above

0ndogenous damage of D5A is by !!!" a) oxygen c) reactive o1"gen b) .arbon8di8oxide d) reactive carbon8di8oxide

#io technolog"
A successful scientific experiments will only result in: (A) proving a hypotheses (.) accepting multiple hypotheses (#) re2ecting one or more h"potheses (D) confirming predictions"

The genetic engineers tool or molecular tools namely the __________ is most commonly used in recombinant DNA experiments. a. DNA fragments b. Enzymes c. Bacteria d. Yeast

What does recombinant DNA technology do a. It takes traits from one organism and transfers it to another b. !t helps recreate a DNA strand "hen it is mutated by diseases c. !t lets DNA gro" bigger for more efficient study by scientist d. !t can ma#e a fish DNA turns into a dog DNA

___________ is the first biotechnology company to use recombinant DNA technology in de$eloping commercially useful products such as drugs. a. %enetech c. Biotech b. Genentech d. !mmunotech

The first patent for a transgenic organism "as a"arded in &'((. Which organism "as patented a. a yeast used in industrial processes b. a bacterium able to metaboli)e components of crude oil c. a mouse that manufactures human protein in its milk d. life forms cannot be patented

S"stematics
All organisms respond to environmental stimuli, a property called: (A) metabolism (B) nutrition" (.) growth (%) irrita!ilit"" An autotroph is an organism that: (A) extracts energy from organic sources (B) depends on the energy produced by other organisms

(.) consumes plants materials (%) converts energ" from the sunlight into chemical energ"

Assignment of definite names to plants is called 222222222222222 a) nomenclature c) .lassification b) taxonomy d)5one

The ascending hierarchy of taxa include species, genus, family, 2222222222222 a) .lass, order and division c) order, class and division b) order, division and class d) division, order and class

eneric name is always a 22222222222222222 a) verb c) ad>ective !) noun d) phrase

6mega taxonomy doesnot deal with which of the following a) cytology c) anatomy b) embryology d) ph"siolog"

*he %iversit" of ,lants

All the organisms on your campus ma#e up: (A) a population (B) an experimental group (C) a communit" (D) none of the above

4hich of the following is found in plant cells but not in animal cells) (A) 5uclei (B) ?itochondria" (.) &eroxisomes (%) none of the a!ove. &lants absorb 222222 directly from the soil a)ammonia c)nitrogen b)oxygen d)corbondioxide

Animal %iversit" I3 Inverte!rates

Differences in body plans result from differences in the expression of !!"" a. 4o1 genes b" $ac genes c" Both a and b d" (ereditary character .nidarians are the oldest existing animals that have speciali/ed !!! a. *issues b" %tructures c" ?orphology d" &hysiology

Arachnids include !!!!"and their relatives a" Spiders b" $i/ards c" %na#es d" 1rog

Animal %iversit" II3 5erte!rates

Duc#s and a=uatic birds is an example for !!!" a) Lamarc0ism c) Darwinism b) neo8darwinism d) mutation theory

The high body temperature of birds and mammals is due to 22222

a" b" c" d"

heat generated !" a high meta!olism the presence of sweat, scent, and sebaceous glands behaviors li#e bas#ing in the sun or see#ing shade the exchange of gases and nutrients via the placenta

The group of terrestrial vertebrates that may be the first indicators of environmental pollution is the 22222"

a. Amphi!ians b. bony fishes c. lancelets d" reptiles 4hich of the following has a ventral nerve cord) a" Earthworm b" %har# c" 1rog d" (ummingbird

,lant Anatom"
4hich of the following processes includes all others) (A) osmosis (B) facilitated diffusion (.) diffusion of solute (%) passive transport &lants differ from animals in that plants have: (A) cell membrane (#) chloroplasts. (.) mitochondria (D) cytoplasm

During &hotosynthesis which of the following occurs: a) (A%, 6 4 to (A%,4 b) 5AD @ ( to 5AD( c) 1AD @ ( to 1AD( d) 1'D@(,6 to 1'D( @ 6,

Animal Anatom" and ,h"siolog" Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Respiratory system

The area between the lungs has 2222222222222" (a)" heart (b)" oesophagus (c)" nerves (d). all the a!ove

22222222 usually accompanies common cold and tonsillitis" (a)" %inusitis (b)" Diptheria (c)" (ay fever (d). ,har"ngitis

The base of the heart extends to the level of the 22222222222 rib" (a). 7nd (b)" Ath (c)" -th (d)" *rd

?yocardium is composed of specialised cardiac muscle found only in 222222" (a). heart (b)" lungs (c)" ribs (d)" all the above

Digestive system

The process of ta#ing food into the alimentary tract is 2222222222 " (a)" propulsion (b)" digestion (c). ingestion (d)" absorption"

luconeogenesis occurs in """"""""""""""" a) #idney c) liver b) heart

d) pancreas Excretory system

The rectum is about 2222222222 cm long" (a)" <: (b)" <B (c)" C (d). 89

Immune system
Defensins molecules are 222222222222 rich cationic peptides containing ,D8*+ amino8acid residues (a)" tryptophan (b)" lysine (c). c"steine (d)" valine

?acrophage8li#e cells, the microglial cells are seen in 222222222222" (a)" connective tissues (b)" liver (c). !rain (d)" #idney

?AbEs that react with a particular membrane molecule are grouped together as 2222" (a)" specific Ab (b)" non8specific Ab (c)" ;eactive Ab (d). cluster of differentiation

(ematopoietic cells grow and mature on a meshwor# of 2222222 in bone marrow (a)" stromal cells (b)" fibroblasts (c)" endothelial cells (d). all the a!ove

%ebum consists of 222222222222222 (a). lactic and fatt" acids (b)" macrophages (c)" lymphocytes (d)" neutrophils

The immune response is characteri/ed by the production of proteins called 2222 (a)" Antibodies (b)" immunoglobulin (c)" immunogen (d). #oth a . !

&apin splits the monomeric basic units into 222222222222 fragments" (a)" two (b)" four (c)" six (d). three

222 is first antibody that an immunologically committed B lymphocyte can produce" (a)" 'g (b)" 'g0 (c)" 'gD (d). Ig:

.omplement consists of a complex series of atleast 2222222222 proteins" (a)" <, (b)" <D (c)" ** (d). 8;

.lassical pathway is activated through 222222222222222 complex" (a). antigen-anti!od" (c)" non8immunologically (b)" immunologically (d)" all the above

Endocrine system

" 4hich of the following is not an internal secretion) a) ,heromone b) 5eurohormone c) (ormone d) 5eurotransmitter

AD( is synthesi/ed in the a) anterior pituitary b) posterior pituitary c) h"pothalamus d) thalamus

4hich of the following is not produced by the human anterior pituitary gland) a) &rolactin b) luteini/ing hormone c) follicle8stimulating hormone d) o1"tocin

;eleasing hormones are produced by a) the h"pothalamus b) the anterior pituitary c) the posterior pituitary d) it depends on which releasing hormone you are tal#ing about

;eleasing hormones directly affect a) the hypothalamus !) the anterior pituitar" c) the posterior pituitary d) it depends on which releasing hormone you are tal#ing about

4hich two hormones in your body are absolutely essential for survival) a) calcitonin and insulin b) estrogen and testosterone c) parath"roid hormone and aldosterone d) somatotropin and cortisol

The hypothalamus is connected to the anterior pituitary by a) neural connections b) sinuses c) membrane receptors d) short !lood vessels

The target tissue for luteini/ing hormone is the a) /onads b) thyroid gland c) pancreas d) #idneys

'nsulin and glucagon are produced in the a) (ypothalamus b) anterior pituitary c) pancreas d) liver

Type ' diabetes mellitus is caused by a deficiency of a) lucose b) lycogen c) Insulin d) lucagon 4hat type of hormones enters their target cells, binds with a receptor protein, penetrate the nucleus, and influence the transcription of genes) a) peptide hormones !) steroid hormones c) both of the above d) &rogesterone

4hich of the following statements is true) a) 6ne hormone can play different roles in different parts of the body" b) 6ne cell may use more than one second messenger" c) !oth of the a!ove d) none of the above

4hich of the following is not a steroid hormone) a) .ortisol b) 0strogen c) progesterone d) *h"ro1ine

$ipophilic hormones are a) water soluble !) fat solu!le c) produced by exocrine glands d) Both water and fat soluble

Nervous system
4hich portion of a neuron will conduct impulses toward the cell body) (a) Axon (b) %chwann cells (c) %endrites (d) %ynaptic terminals

The role of the axon is to 22222222222 a) b* c* d* e* integrate signals from the dendrites release neurotransmitter conduct the action potential to the synaptic terminal synthesi/e cellular components synthesi/e cellular components

Depending on the type of synapse, the effect of the neurotransmitter can be 22222 to the postsynaptic membrane, ma#ing the membrane 22222" a* excitatory, more negative b* inhibitory, less negative c* e1citator", less negative d* all the above 4hich component of the reflex arc responds to stimuli from the environment and carries the information to the central nervous system) a* sensor" neurons b* motor neurons c* interneurons d) effectors (ow can you distinguish between a light touch and a moderate po#e to the arm)

a) !) c) d)

The action potentials are different si/es depending upon the strength of the stimulus" *he fre<uenc" of action potentials changes with the strength of the stimulus. There are different neurotransmitters released depending upon the strength of the stimulus" 4e cannot distinguish that easily

Four patient has suffered a small stro#e and reports that he can no longer feel the touch of his hand on a surface" (e #nows he is touching the surface, but only because he sees his hand there" 'n which region of the brain did this stro#e occur) a) frontal lobe !) parietal lo!e c) occipital lobe d) temporal lobe

4hat part of the brain might you suspect had suffered a stro#e if a personGs basic emotions and behaviours suddenly change) a) lim!ic s"stem b) corpus callosum c) occipital lobe d) cerebellum

%ound reception is carried out by hair cells, which are a special type of 22222" a) .hemoreceptor b) &hotoreceptor c) :echanoreceptor d) ?agnetoreceptor e) Thermoreceptor 22222 are integration centers in neurons" a) Dendrites b) Axons c) Cell !odies d) 'on channels e) %ynapses 4hich part of a neuron is responsible for receiving signals from the environment or from other neurons) a) cell body b) axon c) dendrite d) synapse

Animal ehaviour
+++++++++++++++++++++ ha$e been suggested to pre$ent predator detection or recognition of a prey, by dra"ing the attention a"ay from recogni)able traits of the bearer. a. Distractive marks b. Distracti$e smell c. Distracti$e loo# d. All the abo$e

The evolution of behavior relates to the 88888888888 of behavior patterns and how these change over generations" a. )rigins b" 9nderstanding c" ;egulation d" All the above !n Britain, studies on the social organi)ation and the ranging patterns of badgers -Meles meles* ha$e helped reduce the spread of ..... among cattle. a. /ood and mouth disease b. Tuberculosis c. /ungal infection d. Beha$ioral change