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How coffee jug works?

A thermos is able to keep hot things hot and cold things cold because it cuts down on all heat transfer. If you have hot soup you want to keep hot, the thermos keeps the heat from escaping. If you have cold water you want to keep cold, the thermos keeps the heat on the outside from getting in to your cold water. By stopping conduction, convection, and radiation, a thermos minimizes heat transfer and the substances stay at their current temperatures longer. [10]

Figure 5 [10] Here in figure 5, only conduction and radiation is occurring but because of silvery reflecting lining radiation is a stop. Conduction takes place because of support by cork material. A Thermos blocks the movement of heat to and from the substance by minimizing conduction, convection, and radiation. The substance to be kept hot or cold is kept inside a container with two glass walls that are separated by a vacuum (figure 6). The movement of heat by both conduction and convection requires matter: if there is a vacuum, there is no any conduction or convection of heat. Conduction takes place only between the substance and the cap, which is generally made of a nonconductive material and is small so that contact with the substance is minimized. Convection is entirely minimized because the substance cannot flow into or out of the container [11].

Figure 6 [11] Tempered glass Tempered glass is one of two kinds of safety glass regularly used in applications in which standard glass could pose a potential danger. Tempered glass is four to five times stronger than standard glass. It does not break into sharp shards when it fails (figure 7). To create tempered glass, first of all give material extreme heat and then cool rapidly which make it harder than normal glass. This tempered glass is brittle in nature. Whenever any heavy shock or impact occurs on tempered glass, it shatters into small oval-shaped pebbles when other normal glass broken and can make endanger environment to people. This glass eliminates the danger of sharp edges. Due to this property, along with its strength, tempered glass is often referred to as safety glass. The thermal process that cures tempered glass also makes it heat resistant. Tempered glass is used to make the carafes in automatic coffee makers and the windows in ovens. Computer screens, skylights, door windows, tub enclosures and shower doors are more examples of places you will find tempered glass. Building codes also require the windows of many public structures to be made of tempered glass. [12]

Figure 7 tempered glass [12] In recent years, acrylic has replaced tempered glass in many applications in which heat is not a factor. Acrylic is 20 times more impact resistant than glass and does not shatter like tempered glass. Instead, acrylic dents if the impact is strong enough. If the force is sufficient to cause acrylic to fail, it will crack without shattering. Acrylic is also half the weight of glass and has many other advantages. However, it is flammable. Therefore, you wont find an acrylic coffee carafe or oven door. [12]

How reflecting layer works? In this figure 8, radiation is reduced to a minimum by silvering the glass, generally on the two internal faces, so that the radiant heat waves are reflected. This usually blocks up to 97% of the radiation and therefore, a significant part of the total heat transfer [11]. In some design silver coating is used to reflect radiation waves. This silver coating should be 0.3 m but less than 5 m and a minimum content of 98.5 % Ag under EU rules and regulation and BS EN ISO 8442-6:2001.

Figure 8 [11] Types of thermos Beverage Bottles One of the most common Thermos products available today is its beverage bottle. These bottles have a capacity that ranges from 16 to 24 ounces and designs catering to adults, kids and even infants. It has three insulation types: stainless steel vacuum insulation, glass vacuum insulation and non-insulated. Most of these bottles are "travel ready" and often come with spill-proof features [13]. Food Jars Thermos designs food jars are to keep food warmer longer than a standard container would. Its capacity of a food jar ranges from 10 to 16 ounces and just like the beverage bottles; it has designs for kids, adults and infants. Food jars also have three different types of insulation: stainless steel vacuum insulation, glass vacuum insulation, and foam insulation. These food jars often only have one compartment in most circumstances

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