Embryo lec 1 In the intrauterine we have 3 stages: 1. Pre-embryonic stage 2. Embryonic stage 3.

3. Fetal stage Pre-embryonic S : from fertilization till 2 weeks including implantation + zygote will travel from the fertilization area till implantation area through the oviduct undergoing many divisions by mitosis and forming bilaminar disk which will give us both ecto+ endo derm and mesoderm will form later on Embryonic stage : starts from 2-8 weeks called developing and formation stage where organs and tissues start to form (embryo) Fetal stage : growing and increasing in size and weight no developing occurs here or formation from 8 weeks till birth Embryo is more sensitive than the fetus coz of being at developing stage so it is more effected by environmental factors specially radiation and an important note for us as a dentist is to never do any LA for any pregnant lady in this period 2-8 weeks just do the minor things Ovum + sperm will join to form the zygote which diploid cell and both ovum and sperm are haploid then as we said the zygote will travel through the oviduct dividing giving smaller in size cells called blastomeres but keeping the same diameter as unit When zygote division reach to 12 or 16 cells it called morula and it is the same size as the zygote 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter After morula formation and through developing we will have a structure that has a cyst in called the blastocoil and the whole structure will be called balstocyst Blastocyst will contain bilaminar disk which has 2 layers the 1 st is the one which will face the uterus wall called embryo epiplast and it has columnar cells and will give us in the future the ectoderm 2 nd one is the one facing the blastocoil called embryo hypoblast and it is flattened cells and will give us the endoderm Blastocyst structure will be divided into inner and outer surface the inner one will be the cell mass and the outer one will be zona pelli codia which is very important for implantation and also here size is 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter After Blastocyst the structure will develop to have 2 cyst the blastocoil and the amniotic cavity which will have the amniotic fluid Structure will continue developing till we have more obvious amniotic cavity and primary yok sac + formation of the connecting stalk At 3rd week there will be obvious structure developing

Through 3rd week formation of perochordal plate happens which is a thickening of the endoderm overlying on the ectoderm leading to bulging in the ectoderm this plate is located at cephalic pole eventually will give us the buccopharengyal membrane separating the mouth (oral cavity) from the guts ( GIT) also u can find similar duct on the caudal pole called the clocal membrane Ectodermal dysplasia : X linked recessive disease effects males leading to loss of Ectodermal structure such as the skin appendages and the hair follicle and enamel leading to 2 clinical condition first is due to loss of sweat glands which hyperthermia scnd is the loss of enamel which may lead to loss of teeth and cause oligodontia Mesoderm layer will be formed from the ectoderm layer cell division that will invaginate at the middle under the ectoderm then go back to the same way they come through then there will be formation of both premeditative stalk and premetative nod Mesoderm formation will be from caudal to cephalic pole direction Mesoderm layer will be formed after the 17 day of pregnancy The premetative stalk is important coz it will form the premetative nod the will form the notochord that will give us an enclosed tube that will be forming the vertebral column and the backbone and tube of spinal cord Mesoderm can't be find always b/w ectoderm and endoderm coz it is only found at perochordal plate structure but Git is formed by endo derm and oral will be formed by ectoderm and there is no mesoderm in between only at perochordal plate Ectoderm will give: 1. Skin appendages 2. Enamel 3. Oral and anal mucosa 4. Pituitary and mamillary gland 5. Nervous system 6. Eye lens 7. Lining of nose and sinus Endoderm will give: 1. Lingual tonsils 2. Lining of lungs 3. Digestive system 4. Lining of excretory system Mesoderm will give: 1. Lung /heart / blood cells 2. Excretory system 3. All dental tissue except enamel 4. Spleen 5. Respiratory system 6. Connective tissue 7. Bone / muscle 8. Lymphatic tissue

Forgive me for any mistake it is a summary for the first lec hope it is good for u and only 1 thing am sure there will be a spelling mistakes forgive me for that it include book and script and past year Your colleague Ahmad fawzi