Dan Austin Kawachi Higwit 2010-04329, 1st Long Exam FA 28 Ju !

1" 2013

Part 1

A#tistic t#a$ition $at%s &ac' to th% %a# i%st inca#nations o( Human int% ig%nc% an$ c#%ati)it!* +h%s% can &% s%%n ,n th% -aintings immo#ta i.%$ in ston% to th% o#nam%ntation ma$% (#om -o ish%$ ston%s (ashion%$ into %a# ! /%w% #!* +hat &%ing sai$, a#t is a $isci- in% as o $ as Humanit! its% ( an$ has a wa!s #%0ui#%$ s-%ci(ic c#it%#ion in o#$%# to &% cat%go#i.%$ into th% -#o$uc% that man! scho a#s consi$%# 1a#tistic2* ,t consists o( -h!sica cha#act%#istics o( th% mo$i(i%$ m%$ium such as co ou#, t%xtu#%, sha-% an$ oth%# s%nso#! const#ucts* +h%s% a&st#act conc%-ts attach%$ to -att%#ns in -%#c%i)%$ -h%nom%na s%#)% as th% -h!sica cha#act%#istics o( an a#two#'* As a t#a$ition an$ $isci- in% it can &% sai$ that s-%ci(ic t%chni0u%s an$ st! %s (u#th%# high ights th% uni0u% conc%-ts to a#t (oun$ in no oth%# (i% $s* ,n sho#t it consists o( two g%n%#a -a#ts, th% c#%at%$ -h!sica #%-#%s%ntation o( an a&st#act i$%a o# thought conc%i)%$ &! a -%#son* A -h!sica o&/%ct $on% &! Human han$s to #%-#%s%nt a conc%-t o# thought conc%i)%$ &! a Human min$* A#t must &%gin with an i$%a, a thought &! th% a#tist* +his can &% $%(in%$ as a const#uct an$ th%#% is a mo$% o( -#o$uction, a -#oc%ss in which this const#uct is -h!sica ! #%a i.%$* ,( th%#% is -#o$uction th%#% must &% a com-on%nt o( #%sou#c%, usua ! -#o)i$%$ &! %ith%# th% a#tist o# an outsi$% sou#c% 'nown as a -at#on* +h% i$%a to &% ma$% -h!sica #%0ui#%s an a#&it#a#! m%$ium which cou $ &% an!thing (#om ston%, ta-%st#!, woo$, an! natu#a o&/%ct that can &% mani-u at%$ &! a#tistic t%chni0u%s an$ s'i s* +h% #aw mat%#ia s th%ms% )%s #%0ui#% #%sou#c%, an$ cont#a#! to -o-u a# &% i%( a#tists a#% not /ust &o#n th%! a#% ma$%* +h% (ina com-on%nt a#% its% ( th% s'i s #%0ui#%$ to mani-u at% th% m%$ium, which in its% ( is an in)%stm%nt o( th% most -#%cious #%sou#c%s3 tim% an$ occasiona ! cu##%nc!* A#t sta#ts with an i$%a which is inh%#%nt ! m%ta-h!sica , an a#tist must ta'% m%asu#%s to #%-#%s%nt this i$%a th#ough th% mo$% o( -#o$uction in o#$%# to con)%! it in a -h!sica m%$ium* ,n th% t#a$itions o( th% +-&o i it is wo#th noting that w%a)ing tina a' is a

c %a# %xam- % o( this )i%w o( a#tistic %x-#%ssion* +h% a#tistic -#oc%ss in it4s c#%ation #%0ui#%s (i#st th% conc%-tua i.ation o( a $%sign to &% w%a)%$* 5uch a $%sign acco#$ing to th% +-&o i o#iginat%s (#om th%i#

$#%ams* +#u% o# not th% $%sign sti must com% (#om th% human (acu ti%s o( thought* 6th%# sou#c%s (o# a $%sign wou $ &% t#a$ition, &%caus% moth%#s t%ach th%i# $aught%#s how to w%a)% a ong with th% $%signs -#%)ious ! 'nown* +h% -#o$uct +ina a' is c#%at%$ th#ough w%a)ing a t%chni0u% s-%ci(ic to th% -#o$uction o( co ou#%$ c oth* 7%ing ma$% (#om a&aca th% a#tistic m%$ium, an$ it consists o( th% th#%% t#a$itiona co ou#s* +h%s% a#% th% natu#a co ou# o( a&aca, & ac' an$ a sha$% o( #%$* H%#% w% s%% a c %a# t#ansition (#om conc%-tua i.ation to th% a-- ication o( t%chni0u% to th% -h!sica #%-#%s%ntation o( th% conc%-t in a m%$ium ac0ui#%$ (#om th% #%sou#c% o( a&aca an$ )a#ious #oots o( - ants*

A -%#son4s human %x-%#i%nc% is uni0u% to %ach in$i)i$ua on this %a#th, this can &% a#gu%$ $u% to th% (act that no two -%o- % ha)% gon% th#ough %xact ! th% sam% wa! a&out i)ing* An$ $%#i)%$ m%aning attach%$ to th% -%#c%i)%$ must th%n &% uni0u% to a -%#son sinc% no two -%o- % can sha#% th% sam% &ias (o# gi)ing m%aning to -h!sica o&/%cts* +h% c#%ation o( a wo#' &! th% a#tist this -#oc%ss its% ( attach%s a m%aning to th% wo#', %ith%# &! th% a#tist o# )i%w%# in witn%ss to th% c#%ation o( th% wo#'* +h% wo#' its% ( th%n has an attach%$ m%aning int%n$%$ to &% con)%!%$ &! th% a#tist* 7ut sinc% no two -%o- % wi s%% th% wo#' th% sam% wa!, it is -ossi& % a )i%w%# wi n%)%# a##i)% at th% int%n$%$ m%aning &! th% a#tist* +h% #% ationshi- &%tw%%n th% a#tist th% wo#' an$ th% )i%w%# can &% summa#i.%$* ,t can &% sai$ th% a#tist o#iginat%s an i$%a, h%8sh% th%n c#%at%s a -h!sica mani(%station o( it, conscious ! o# su&conscious ! int%n$ing a m%aning* 6nc% anoth%# human &%ing -%#c%i)%s this wo#', it go%s th#ough th% %nti#% -#oc%ss o( conc%-tua i.ing an i$%a (#om a -%#c%i)%$ %x-%#i%nc%* 9a'ing it %nti#% ! -ossi& % (o# a - u#a it! o( $%#i)%$ m%aning* +h% co#o a#! is th% un i'% in%ss o( a singu a# m%aning a on% %xists (o# an! a#two#'* A c %a# %xam- % (oun$ in +-&o i cu tu#% is in th%i# -%#(o#manc% a#t* A +-&o i wou $ s%% this as th% $%-iction o( th%i# anc%st#! an$ th% $%%$s o( th%i# (o#%(ath%#s %m&o$i%$ in motion an$ music* +o a non +-&o i such as m!s% ( , cannot an$ shou $ not s%% m! anc%st#! in th% $anc%s o( th% +-&o i* 5im- ! &%caus% , am not +-&o i an$ an$ ha)% gon% th#ough a $i((%#%nt -s!cho-h!sica %x-%#i%nc% (#om th%m* At th% %n$ o( it a w% must as', what is th% -oint o( a th%s% %x-#%ssion an$ a#tistic %n$%a)ou#: +h% sim- % answ%# wou $ &% asi$% (#om an out %t (o# human %motions, is that it s%#)%s )a#i%$ socia -u#-os%s $%-%n$%nt on th% )a u%s o( th% soci%t! that c#%at%$ it* 9uch i'% how it con)%!s m%aning, an$ what is )a u%$ in a soci%t! is gi)%n #%)%#%nc% an$ usua ! s%%n as ha)ing th% most #% %)ant o( m%anings* A#t th%n must con)%! a (o#m m%aning ca %$ )a u%s,

int%n$%$ &! th% a#tist o# &! his &ias an$ cu tu#a &ac'g#oun$* As a #%su t a#t is )a u%$ (o# th% i$%as th%! #%-#%s%nt as w% as th% socia (unctions th%s% i$%as #%su t too* A#t is not m%#% ! a a%sth%tic o&/%ct to &% a$mi#%$ an$ #%( %ct%$ u-on, ,t can a so s%#)% oth%# -u#-os%s sinc% an o&/%ct o( uti it! can &% ma$% into a#t it th%n (o ows that a#t can &% ma$% into an o&/%ct o( uti it!* ,n +-&o i soci%t! tina a' is th% most )a u%$ -oss%sion a woman can ha)%, occasiona ! us%$ as $ow#! in w%$$ings it has &%%n stat%$ to onc% ha)% &%%n wo#th as much as a hous% o# a ho#s%* +h% amount o( )a u% attach%$ to tina a' is not on ! $u% to it4s a%sth%tic #%-#%s%ntation o( th% w%a)%#4s $#%ams, &ut $u% to it4s uti it! in +-&o i cu tu#%* A -%#son can &% &i#th%$ on too th% tina a', an$ it a so can s%#)% as th% $%ath &%$ o( anoth%#* ,t is $ow#! in a w%$$ing, a s!m&o o( union &%tw%%n $i((%#%nt (ami i%s* An$ it is c othing an$ -#ot%ction (#om th% % %m%nts, us%$ in %)%#!$a! i(%, ast ! as an unint%n$%$ us% it -#%s%#)%s +-&o i w%a)ing t#a$ition* ,t4s -ossi& % that in th% cas% o( tina a', it4s )a u% is g#%at ! $%#i)%$ (#om it4s uti it! to +-&o i soci%t!*

As &ioch%mica s!st%ms with s%nti%nc%, natu#% has (o#c%$ ou# cont#o s!st%ms to cat%go#i.% -h!sica s%nsations* +his t%n$%nc! to iso at% an$ m%nta !;o# ch%mica !< tag -h!sica o&/%cts is im-%#ati)% to th% continu%$ su#)i)a o( a i)ing unit* An$ as o( th% (i(t%%nth o( /u ! in th% !%a# tw%nt!-thi#t%%n, th% -o-u a# conc%nsus consi$%#s human &%ings as th% -innac % o( th% m%nta tagging gam%* Humans ha)% $%)% o-%$ -hi oso-hi%s is $%(ining o&/%cts an$ this a so a-- i%s to a#t* +h% -%#s-%cti)% o( %ss%ntia ism is th% %a# i%st o( this i$%as* ,t stat%s that an o&/%ct can c %a# ! &% $%(in%$ &as%$ on it4s cha#act%#istics* Fi#st -ut (o#wa#$ &! th% =#%%'s it continu%s to &% an %((ici%nt wa! o( gi)ing m%aning* +h%! sa! that a &i#$ must ha)% wings, an$ must ( !* 6# a swo#$ must ha)% a & a$%$ %$g% ong%# than th% hi t* ,t is a con)%ni%nt wa! o( cat%go#i.ing o&/%cts a#oun$ us, +h% -#o& %m a#is%s wh%n th%s% #igi$ $%(initions &%com% & u##%$* >hat th%n $o !ou ca a -%nguin: 7ut sinc% th% =#%%'s n%)%# %ncout%#%$ -%nguins %ss%ntia ism th#i)%$ in th%i# soci%t!* >ith #%s-%ct to a#t !ou must th%n im-os% #igi$ stan$a#$s on it, answ%#ing 0u%stions such as 1what is it:2* An$ to som% %xt%nt w% can answ%# a th%s% to som% $%g#%% o( #% %)anc%* 7ut i'% th% cas% o( -%nguin th% #igi$ $%(initions must constant ! &% mo$i(i%$ to accomm$at% th% most #%c%nt o( o&s%#)ation* Anoth%# -hi oso-h! a so (in$ing it4s #oots in Anci%nt =#%%c% is anti-%ss%ntia ism* +his stat%s that th%#% is no s%t o( #igi$ #u %s &! which !ou can o&/%cti)% ! $%(in% com- %t% ! an! o&/%ct o# const#uct in this uni)%#s%* ,n a#t th%o#! ,t sim- ! m%ans, w% can t#! to $%(in% a#t as a human c#%ation an a&st#act i$%a ma$% -h!sica &ut

no matt%# how much w% $%(in% it, th%#% wi n%)%# &% a com- %t% s%t o( #u %s that com- %t% ! $%(in%s a#t* 6n% wou $ thin' that th% -hi oso-hi%s o( m%aning %n$ h%#%, th%#% is on% mo#% anti-anti %ss%ntia ism* F#om what , un$%#stan$ this )i%w #%/%cts that w% cannot gi)% o&/%cti)% m%aning to a -h%nom%na o# o&/%ct, inst%a$* A m%aning in this )i%w, can &% us%$ to $%(in% a $!namic an$ changing -h%nom%na* A-- i%$ to a#t an$ %ss%ntia ist wou $ ha)% #igi$ stan$a#$s (o# it4s $%(inition, an$ anti-%ss%ntia ist wou $ sa! how can w% %)%n ca an!thing a#t th%n th% anti-anti %ss%ntia ist wou $ consi$%# a#t #% ati)% to th% -%#c%-tion (#om th% o#iginating soci%t!* 9ost cu tu#%s a#% %ss%ntia ist sim- ! &%caus% it is mo#% %((ici%nt an$ uti ita#ian an$ th%! ca##! this as w% in th%i# a#tistic wo#'s* +-&o i soci%t! is st#uctu#%$ )%#! #igi$ ! &as%$ on th% -h!sica cha#act%#istics o( an in$i)i$ua , -a#ticu a# ! a -%#son4s g%n$%#* A man is su--os%$ to $o th% ha#$ a&ou#, -#o)i$% (o# his (ami ! an$ -#ot%ct th%i# int%#%sts* >hi % a woman, is su--os% to &i#th th% chi $#%n #ais% th%m, t%ach th% gi# s how to w%a)% an$ %ncou#ag% th% &o!s to &% st#ong, an$ th%! a#% #%s-onsi& % as w% (o# th% w%a)ing an$ o#nam%ntation* +his st#uctu#% is (o ow%$ to a -oint that th% -#%)ai ing )i%w in a +-&o i soci%t! is that th%#% a#% no ma % w%a)%#s an$ m%n cannot w%a)%* 7ut outsi$% th%i# cu tu#% th%s% #o %s;%xc%-t (o# th% &i#thing o( chi $#%n< can &% int%#chang%$ &%tw%%n th% s%x%s* ,n th% a#t o( m%ta casting is a so

-#%$ominant ! ma %, wa##ing (o# th% g#ou- is a so a ma % $ut!* >% 'now this &%caus% in th% $anc%s th%! -%#(o#m, th% wa# $anc% is %xc usi)% ! ma %* >hi % th% wom%n -%#(o#m $anc%s that showcas% th% a#tisitic wo#'s o( th% +-&o i such as th% tina a'* +his %ss%ntia ist -%#s-%cti)% ca##i%s on to th%i# wo#' o( a#t, th% tina a' th% &#ass gongs an$ th% $anc%s a ha)% int%n$%$ unchanging -u#-os%s, An$ $%s-it% th% in( u%nc% o( mo$%#n soci%t! an$ cu##%nc! on th% i)%s an$ cu tu#% o( th% +-&o i th%i# t#a$ition #%mains intact to som% %xt%nt -a#t ! $u% to th% #igi$it! o( th% t#a$itions th%ms% )%s*

?%(%#%nc%s A ic% =* =ui %#mo* ;n*$*<* @?EFAAE, ART AND SOCIETY. Asymptotik.net.. Retrieved July 15 !1"# $rom htt-B88as!m-toti'*n%t8a#tw%&8-#%(ac%*htm %&'imili&n (orte* 20 6cto&%# 200C * Anti-anti-%ss%ntia ism* 1* DE?6 AE+H?6@6L6=F * ?%t#i%)%$ /u ! 1" 2013, (#om

http://zeroanthropology.net/2007/10/20/anti-anti-essentialism-1/
H%n#!' Ki%#%G* ;n*$*<* AE+,E55EE+,AL,59* ,nt%#n%t )%#sion o( th% Hni)%#sa Enc!c o-%$ia o( @hi oso-h!* ?%t#i%)%$ Ju ! 1" 2013 (#om http://peenef2.republika.pl/angielski/hasla/a/antiessentialism.html