1

7th AMITY NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014

IN THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE PEACE PALACE, THE HAGUE NETHERLANDS

CASE CONCERNING THE INTENATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW PROSECUTOR APPLICANT v. MR. LUCANKA RESPONDENT ON SU MISSION TO THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

M EMORIAL for the APPLICANT

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

TA LE OF CONTENTS

TA LE OF CONTENT THE LIST OF A RE"IATION

THE INDE# OF AUTHORITIES THE STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION THE STATEMENT OF FACTS THE STATEMENT OF ISSUES THE SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT THE ARGUMENT AD"ANCED
1) !HETHER THE ICC HAS THE JURISDICTION TO TRY THE CASE

AGAINST MR. LUCANKA.

1.1)

!HETHER THE CRIME COMMITTED Y MR. LUCANKA ARE !ITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE ROME STATUTE . !HETHER IN THE LIGHT OF THE PROTEST MADE Y THE STATE OF NA$OLIA THE CASE IS ADMISSI LE EFORE THE ICC.
2) !HETHER THE ACCUSED IS GUILTY OF THE FOLLO!ING CRIMES

1.2)

2.1% CRIME OF GENOCIDE UNDER ARTICLE &'A%,' %,'C% AND 2(')%'A%,' % OF THE ROME STATUTE. 2.2% CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY UNDER ARTICLE 7'1%'A%,'G% AND 2(')%' % OF THE ROME STATUTE. 2.)% !AR CRIME UNDER ARTICLE *'2%' %'#"III% OF THE STATUTE. )% !HETHER THE ARREST AND SU SE+UENT TRANSFER OF MR. LUCANKA TO ICC IS LEGAL THE PRAYER ________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

LIST OF A

RE"IATIONS

ICC...................................................................................................International criminal court ICTR.............................................................International criminal tribunal or R!an"a ICT#............................................International criminal tribunal or ormer #u$o%la&ia PTC......................................................................................................Pre'trial C(amber ILC ................................................................................International La! Commi%%ion A,t. ........Article )unle%% ot(er!i%e note"* Art. "e%i$nate% article% o t(e Rome Statute+ St-t.t/ ..............................................Rome Statute o t(e International Criminal Court N0. .....................................................................................................................Number Ch-12/, .........................................................................................Pre'Trial C(amber ,

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

INDE# OF AUTHORITIES

A. PRI.AR# SO/RCES I.INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS AND STATUTES

1. 2.

C(arter o t(e /nite" Nation%* 10-1........................................................................................1STAT/TE O2 T3E INTERNATIONAL TRI4/NAL 2OR T3E 2OR.ER #/5OSLA6IA ..................................................................................................................................................17 International Criminal Court Rule o Proce"ure an" E&i"ence* 2882.....................................21 International Criminal Tribunal or t(e 2ormer #u$o%la&ia Rule o Proce"ure an" E&i"ence* ..................................................................................................................................................23 Con&ention on t(e Pre&ention an" Puni%(ment o t(e Crime o 5enoci"e* 10-9....................27 Rome Statute o International Criminal Court* 2882.............................................1-* 17* 2-* 20 II. JUDICIAL DECISIONS

3. 4.

5. 6.

1.

Pro%ecutor &. Anto 2urun":i;a* <u"$ment* Ca%e No IT'01'17=1'A )A>>eal% C(amber* 21 <ul?* 2888+. ........................................................................................................................................... T(e Pro%ecutor &. Omar 3a%%an A(ma" Al 4a%(ir.* ICC'82=81'81=80'121 )2811+..................... Pro%ecutor &. Du%@o Ta"ic* Deci%ion on t(e De ence .otion or Interlocutor? A>>eal on <uri%"iction* Ca%e No. IT'0-'1'T A -, )ICT# A>>eal% C(amber* Oct. 2* 1001+. ........................

2. 3.

.SECONDARY SOURCES I.
OOKS AND TREATISES

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

1. 2.

SELECTED 4ASIC DOC/.ENTS RELATED TO ICC .ISBA.P*T3E 3A5/E* 2880..........3 SC3A4AS *CILLIA. A.* AN INTRODUCTION TO ICC .CA.4RID5E /NI6ERSIT# PRESS NEC #ORB*2881... 7

3. 4.

SC3A4AS*CILLIA. *GENOCIDE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW .Cambri"$e /ni&er%it? Pre%%* 2888...12 D/NLAP*CILLIA.. 6* <O3N CARE# AND R.<O3N PRITC3ARD *
LAW INTERNATIONALHUMANITARIAN

PROSPECTS .TRANSNATIONAL P/4LIS3ERS* 288,.............................................................12

II. ARTICLES AND JOURNALS

1.

Abimbola A. Olo!o o?e@u* Bias and the infor ed o!ser"er# a $a%% for a ret&rn to Go&'h* ,9 )2+ CA.4.L.<O/R. 399 )2880+....................................................................................................0 Be&in <on 3eller* The Ro e Stat&te in Co (arati"e Pers(e$ti"e) .elbourne Le$al Stu"ie% Re%earc( Pa>er no 378

III. INTERNET SOURCES

1. (tt>D==!!!.icc'c>i.int 2. (tt>D==!!!.iccno!.or$ 3. (tt>D==!!!.ict?.or$ 4. (tt>D==!!!.un.or$ 5. (tt>D==!!!.unictr.or$ 6. (tt>D==!!!.!e%tla!international.com 7. (tt>D==!!!.(iil.or$ 8. (tt>D==!!!.%%rn.com 9. (tt>D==!!!.il%a.or$

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION

It i% (ereina ter mo%t re%>ect ull? %ubmitte" t(at t(e >ro%ecutor o t(i% International Criminal Court (a% t(e ;uri%"iction to eEerci%e t(i% >etition un"er Article 13)a+ o t(e Rome Statute o t(e International Criminal Court* 288-. Article 13)a+ o t(e Statute %tate% a% ollo!% ' T(e Court %(all eEerci%e it% ;uri%"iction !it( re%>ect to a crime re erre" to in Article 1 in accor"ance !it( t(e >ro&i%ion% o t(i% Statute i D )b+ A %ituation in !(ic( one or more o %uc( crime% a>>ear% to (a&e been committe" i% re erre" to t(e Pro%ecutor b? a %tate >art? in accor"ance !it( Art. 1-.

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

STATEMENT OF FACTS I. Nara:lia $ot in"e>en"ence% rom t(e Euro>ean continent in late 1008%."ue to internal "i%%en%ion* t(e &ariou% uni ie" nation% coul" be attaine". a% %tru$$le continue* a liberal "emocratic Con%titution !a% a"o>te" b? countr? an" re%>on%ible $o&ernment orm b? a >o>ular &ote. 4ut %oon cou> "Fetat !a% arran$e" b? t(e militaril? !in$% le" b? .r.lucan@a (ence become t(e >re%i"ent o t(e countr?. lucan@a "e en"e" t(e ri$(t o t(e o&er t(e ma%auri tribe inclu"in$ con"uctin$ o (ate %>eec(e%* con i%cation an" a>>ro>riation o t(eir >ro>ert?. Durin$ re$ime o t(e $o&ernment ma"e "raconian la!% !(ic( >ro&i"e% t(e tra> or man? o it% citi:en G (ence creatin$ animo%it? amon$ t!o $rou>%.

II.

T(e $rou> o .r. lucan@a o>>o%e" G "i" not %in$ t(e Rome %tatue o international criminal court >re%umin$ t(at it% (an" tool o t(e Euro>ean G American i"eolo$?. t(e ollo!in$ %te>% G attracte" tremen"ou% Pre%%ure rom t(e international communit? to men" it% !a? an" t(reatene" !it( economic% an" >olitical %anction e&en t(rou$( t(e $o&ernment %till re u%e" to %in$ an" rati ? t(e Rome %tatue o international criminal court. In re>re%%i&e >olicie% o unite" nation*na:olia ace" b? i%olate" rom international re$ime.it !a% alle$e" t(at t(e (a@a?u tribe !a% bein$ %u>>orte" b? $o&ernment an" militaril? elite an" al%o t(e al%o t(e o (a@a?u t(reatene" t(e ma%uari tribe !it( "ire con%eHuence% in all orm% o me"ia. It !a% re>orte" t(at (a@a?u tribe !a% bein$ %ecretl? un"e" b? t(e rulin$ $o&ernment or carr?in$ out a %?%tematic an" meticulou% eEtermination o t(e ma%auri tribe.

III.

Durin$ t(e national rall? or$ani:e" b? ma%uari tribe. t(e lea"er to air $rie&ance. t(e lea"er o>enl? tal@ about an eEi%tin$ neEu% bet!een t(e $o&ernment an" (a@a?u tribe an" con"emne" t(en bot( or %u>>ortin$ G %>on%orin$ o &en"etta. Reac(in$ a out brea@ >oint "urin$ %>eec( re%ultin$ in out brea@in$ &iolation. In !(ic( (ou%e% o ma%uari >eo>le !ere burnt G men* !omen an" c(il"ren !ere ma%%acre" on a lar$e %cale an" ma%auri !omen !ere (umiliate" an" ra>e" G t(eir c(il"ren !ere orcibl? tran% erre" an" !ere ultimatel? re>orte" a% mi%%in$. T(e $o&ernment (o%>ital% !ere

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

carr?in$ out o>eration% !(ic( >re&ente" t(e birt( o male c(il"ren amon$ t(e ma%uari tribe* t(e mo%t o t(e tra$ic inci"ent !a% !itne%%e" in t(e >ro&ince o ;a:ulu !(ere t(e t(ou%an" o ma%uari citi:en "ie" "ue to a%>(?Eiation !it( toEic $a%e%* u%e or t(e >ro"uction o "ru$% an" c(emical%. t(e ollo!in$ %ector% !a% com>letel? controlle" b? t(e $o&ernment an" it !a% alle$e" t(at t(i% !a% "eliberate attem>t b? t(e $o&ernment to !i>e t(e entire et(nic >o>ulation o ma%auri tribe. A% >er t(e re>ort o t(e national in&e%ti$ation committee !(ic( !a% %et u> an" it !a% re>orte" t(e national cen%u% "e>artment (a% lea@e" t(e "ata !(ic( %(o!e" t(e (i$(e%t concentration o ma%auri >eo>le in t(e entire countr? to t(e >rominent lea"er o (a@a?u tribe . t(e alle$e" c(ar$e !ere o>>o%e" b? t(e $o&ernment an" in&ol&ement t(at t(e artrocitie% continue" till 281- an" &iolence are a ru%e manu acture" b? t(e ma%auri tribe it%el an" create a %ituation o ci&il !ar an" to>>le t(e $o&ernment. I6. Peo>le become a &iolent !(en "urin$ (u$e "emon%tration in t(e ront o t(e >re%i"ent .r. Lucan@a o icial re%i"ence an" !(en e! $un%(ot% !ere aile"* t(e >olice an" militar? o came "o!n !it( (ea&? (an" an" mo%t o t(e ci&ilian% !ere $unne" "o!n or i% be(ea"e" at t(e >re%i"ent o icial re%i"ence. It !a% alle$e" t(at it !a% >eace ul a%%embl? an" it !a% %>eci ic intent o t(e o icial eEterminate t(e >eace ul cro!" be ore(an". A% a re%ult ma%auri >eo>le !ere %?%tematicall? @ille" all o&er t(e nation. T(e ir%t >re%i"ent election% %ince t(e cou> !ere con"ucte" in 281- un"er t(e >re%%ure o t(e international communit? un"er t(e rullin$ $o&ernment o t(e countr? un"er !(ic( mr na@obi !a% %electe" a P... an" imme"iatel? %i$ne" an" rati ie" t(e Rome %tatute o international criminal court. C(en t(e $o&ernment trie" t(e ormer >re%i"ent an" it !a% "i%co&er t(at mo%t o t(e ;u"$e o t(e countr? lo?ali%t to!ar" ormer >re%i"ent at t(e %ame time t(e current $o&ernment (a" %ome >roblem in controllin$ %ome o t(e rea%on !(ic( !ere com>letel? in(abite" b? t(e member o t(e (a@a?u tribe. T(e current $o&ernment antici>atin$ t(at t(e national trial !oul" not(in$ but a %(am. T(e $o&t no! re erre" to ICC un"er Rome %tatute un"er art. 13 an" (an"e" o&er t(e

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

"ocument% %u$$e%tin$ t(e e&ol&ement o ormer >re%i"ent in t(e %?%tematic $enoci"e a$ain%t t(e ma%auri tribe. 6. T(e >ro%ecutor o t(e ICC too@ co$ni:ance o t(e matter an" initiate" t(e

in&e%ti$ate". Later on >re'trial c(amber i%%ue" arre%t !arrant in t(e name o mr. Lucan@a accu%e" (im o committin$ act% o $enoci"e. Sub%eHuent "urin$ t(e trial c(amber o t(e ICC* .r. Lucan@a rai%e" i%%ue" re$ar"in$ t(e ;uri%"iction o t(e court an" alle$e" crime committe" be ore 1 ;ul? 2882 an" (ence ICC coul" not a>>l? it% ;uri%"iction re%>ecti&el? an" al%o* (e !a% not trie" be ore t(e national tribunal an" t(e eE(au%tion o t(e local reme"ie% rule !a% &iolate" an" (ence (e "i" not >lea" $uilt? a$ain%t t(e c(ar$e rame. T(e "e ence al%o rai%e" t(e >ointe" t(e "urin$ (i% re%i$n (e ne&er recti ? Rome %tatute o international criminal court an" t(e ne! electe" $o&t. Not a le$al $o&t. 4ecau%e it ail% on e ecti&e control te%t. 6I. .r. Lucan@a !a% "etaine" or t(ree mont(% !it(out @no!in$ t(e c(ar$e% ma"e a$ain%t (im an" !it(out bein$ c(ar$e" an" al%o (i% arre%t !arrant !a% in En$li%( lan$ua$e. Soon "urin$ t(e trial anot(er cou> !a% arran$e" b? militar? !in$ an" !it("re! Na:olia rom t(e Rome Statute o ICC

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

18

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

11

STATEMENT OF ISSUES

I.

C3ET3ER T3E ICC 3AS T3E </RISDICTION TO TR# T3E CASE A5AINST .R. L/CANBA.
A. C3ET3ER T3E CRI.ES CO..ITTED 4# .R. L/CANBA ARE CIT3IN T3E
</RISDICTION O2 T3E

RO.E STAT/TE.

B. C3ET3ER* IN T3E LI53T O2 T3E PROTEST .ADE 4# T3E STATE O2 NAIOLIA*

T3E CASE IS AD.ISSI4LE 4E2ORE T3E

ICC.

II.

C3ET3ER T3E ACC/SED IS 5/ILT# O2 2OLLOCIN5 CRI.ESD

A. CRI.E O2 5ENOCIDE /NDER ARTICLES ,)a+* )b+* )c+ AND 21)3+ )a+* )b+ O2 T3E

RO.E STAT/TE. ________________________________________________________________________

!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

12

B. CRI.ES A5AINST 3/.ANIT# /NDER ARTICLES 7)1+ )a+* )$+ AND 21)3+ )b+ O2
T3E

RO.E STAT/TE

C. CAR CRI.ES /NDER ARTICLES 9)2+ )b+ )iE&iii+ O2 T3E RO.E STAT/TE.

III.

C3ET3ER T3E ARREST AND S/4SEJ/ENT TRANS2ER O2 .R. L/CANBA TO ICC IS

LE5AL.

SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS

1. !HETHER THE ICC HAS THE JURISDICTION TO TRY THE CASE AGAINST MR.

LUCANKA3

T(e ca%e i% un"er t(e ;uri%"iction o ICC. T(e ICC (a% ;uri%"iction o&er t(e ca%e a% un"er Article 13)a+ o t(e Statute !(ic( %a? %tate >art? in accor"ance !it( Art. Can re er an? ca%e to t(e >ro%ecutor in !(ic( one or more crime% a>>ear to (a&e been committe" !(ic( are enli%te" un"er Article 1 o t(e Rome Statute. T(e crime% !(ic(

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

13

(a&e been committe" (ere b? .r. Lucan@a are t(e crime% enli%te" in t(e Article 1 !(ic( are t(e ollo!in$'
(a) T(e crime o 5enoci"e (b) Crime% a$ain%t 3umanit? (c) Car crime%

Cit( re$ar" to t(e >ara$ra>( 18 o t(e >reamble !(ic( %a?% t(at an" t(e Article 17)1+ !(ic( KICC e%tabli%(e" un"er t(i% %tatute %(all be com>limentar? to national criminal ;uri%"iction%F* Article 1 reiterate% t(i% an" Article 17)1+ %tate% t(at a ca%e i% ina"mi%%ible !(en it i% bein$ in&e%ti$ate" or >ro%ecute" b? a %tate t(at (a% ;uri%"iction o&er it* or !(en t(e ca%e (a% alrea"? been in&e%ti$ate" an" t(e %tate (a% "eci"e" not to >ro%ecute. In %uc( circum%tance% t(e court ma? onl? >rocee" !(ere t(e State Ki% un!illin$ an" unable $enuinel?F to in&e%ti$ate or >ro%ecute t(e ca%e. T(e >re%ent ca%e o .r. Lucan@a (a% ne&er been trie" in t(e criminal court% o Na:olia !(ic( ma@e% t(e inabilit? an" un!illin$ne%% o t(e State to >ro%ecute .r. lucan@a. T(e State (a% remaine" inacti&e in relation to t(at ca%e or !a% un!illin$ or unable* !it(in t(e meanin$ o Article 17)l+ )a+ to )c+* 2 an" 3 o t(e Statute. 3ence* t(i% ca%e i% a"mi%%ible be ore t(e ICC.

2. !HETHER THE ACCUSED IS GUILTY OF FOLLO!ING CRIMES4 CRIME OF GENOCIDE,

CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, !AR CRIMES3

T(e (o%tilitie% bet!een t!o tribe% reac(e" a brea@in$ >oint !(en t(e lea"er o ma%auri tribe or$ani:e" a national rall? to air t(eir $rie&ance%. In t(i% rall?* t(e lea"er

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

1-

o>enal? tal@e" about an eEi%tin$ neEu% bet!een t(e $o&t. an" (a@a?u tribe. T(e con"emne" t(e (a@a?u tribe an" t(e $o&t. or %u>>ortin$ an" %>on%orin$ t(e &en"etta. Later on ma%auri >eo>le (ou%e% !ere burnt men !omen an" c(il"ren !ere ma%%acre" on a lar$e %cale an" al%o (umiliate" an" ra>e". .o%t ma%auri citi:en "ie" "ue to t(e a%>(?Eiation. /n"er article ,)b+ o t(e Rome %tatute .r. lucan@a Committe" $enoci"e b? cau%in$ %eriou% bo"il? or mental (arm to member% o eac( tar$et $rou>* un"er Article ,)b+ o t(e Rome Statute* b? u%in$ t(e %tate a>>aratu%* t(e Arme" 2orce% to cau%e %eriou% bo"il? or mental (arm to member% o t(e%e $rou>% t(rou$( act% o ra>e* ot(er orm% o %eEual &iolence* torture an" orcible "i%>lacement o member% o t(e%e $rou>%* !it( intent to "e%tro? t(e $rou>% a% %uc(* in !(ole or in >art* in &iolation o Art%. ,)b+ an" 21)3+ )b+ o t(e Rome Statute.

In accor"ance !it( Article 21)3+ )b+* a >er%on %(all be (el" liable or >uni%(ment i (e or"er%* %olicit% or in"uce% %uc( a crime !(ic( in act occur% or i% attem>te" commi%%ion an" inclu"in$ >ro&i"in$ t(e mean% or it% commi%%ion o t(e re$ion.

6iolation o t(e Article 9)2+ )b+ )E&iii+ o t(e Statute b? intentionall? "irectin$ em>lo?in$ a%>(?Eiation $a% !(ic( a% t(e u%e o toEic $a% u%e" or t(e >ro"uction o "ru$% an" c(emical an" ma%auri citi:en "ie" "ue to t(e a%>(?Eiation.

3. !HETHER THE ARREST AND SU SE+UENT TRANSFER OF MR. LUCANKA TO ICC IS

LEGAL3

The new democrat c !o"ernment #nder $r me m n %ter &A'(BI) mmed ate*+ % !ned and rat , ed the -ome %tat#e o, ICC the !o"ernment now be n! a %tate $art+ to the -ome %tat#te) re,erred the ca%e to the $ro%ec#tor o, the ICC #nder art. 13 o, the -ome %tat#te o, the ICC and handed o"er the ent re doc#ment wh ch %#!!e%ted *#can.a/% n"o*"ement n the %+%temat c !enoc de a!a n%t the 0a%a#r tr be. The $ro%ec#tor o, ICC too. co!n 1ance o, the matter and n t ated an n"e%t !ated #nder art. 53 o, ICC. 2e rece "ed e" dence and doc#ment% ,rom the %tate% and %#bm tted t% re$ort to the $re tr a* chamber. The $re3tr a* chamber %%#ed arre%t warrant n the name 0r. 4#can.a acc#% n! h m o, comm tt n! act o, !enoc de #nder art.6 o, -ome %tat#te o, ICC and re5#e%ted to %#rrender 0r. 4#can.a to the ICC.

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

11

Article 19)a+ o t(e %tatute %tate% t(at LAt an* ti e after the initiation of an in"esti'ation) the Pre+Tria% Cha !er sha%%) on the a((%i$ation of the Prose$&tor) iss&e a ,arrant of arrest of a (erson if) ha"in' e-a ined the a((%i$ation and the e"iden$e or other infor ation s&! itted !* the Prose$&tor) it is satisfied that# There are reasona!%e 'ro&nds to !e%ie"e that the (erson has $o .&risdi$tion of the Co&rt./ itted a $ri e ,ithin the

T(e crime% !(ic( .r. Lucan@a (a% committe" an" t(ere ore i% to be trie" or are 5enoci"e un"er Article ,)a+ )b+ )c+ o t(e Rome Statute* Car crime% un"er t(e Article 9 an" Crime% a$ain%t (umanit? un"er Article 7 o t(e Rome Statute* (ence are com>letel? !it(in t(e ;uri%"iction o t(e court. T(e%e act% alon$ !it( ot(er% !(ic( (a&e been "i%cu%%e" are relie" u>on or t(e >ur>o%e% o e%tabli%(in$ bot( rea%onable $roun"% to belie&e t(at .r. lucan@a (a% committe" crime% !it(in t(e ;uri%"iction o t(e Court >ur%uant to Article 19)1+ )a+ o t(e Rome Statute an" t(e nece%%it? o (i% arre%t >ur%uant to Article 19)1+ )b+ o t(e Rome Statute. 3ence* t(e arre%t an" %ub%eHuent tran% er o .r. Lucan@a to ICC i% le$al.

ARGUMENTS AD"ANCED

1. !h/th/, th/ ICC h-5 6.,75879t70: -:8 -81755727;7t< t0 t,< th/ 9-5/ -=-7:5t S.#.

L.9-:>-3 T(e ICC (a% ;uri%"iction o&er t(e ca%e a% un"er Article 13)a+ 1 o t(e Statute !(ic( %a?% %tate >art? in accor"ance !it( article'1- can re er an? ca%e to t(e >ro%ecutor in !(ic( one or more crime% a>>ear to (a&e been committe" !(ic( are enli%te" un"er Article 1 2 o t(e

1 Rome Statute o t(e International Criminal Court* (tt>D==!!!2.o(c(r.or$=en$li%(=la!=criminalcourt.(tm. acce%%e" 2ebruar?*2812 I!id.)

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

1,

Rome Statute. T(e crime% !(ic( (a&e been committe" (ere b? .r. Lucan@a are t(e crime% enli%te" in t(e Article 1 !(ic( are t(e ollo!in$'
(d) T(e crime o 5enoci"e (e) Crime% a$ain%t 3umanit? (,) Car crime%

1.1 !h/th/, th/ 9,71/5 90117tt/8 2< M,.;.9-:>- -,/ ?7th7: th/ 6.,75879t70: 0@ th/

R01/ St-t.t/'

T(e 10-9 Con&ention on t(e Pre&ention an" Puni%(ment o t(e Crime o 5enoci"e )article 2+3 "e ine% $enoci"e a% Lan? o t(e ollo!in$ act% committe" !it( intent to "e%tro?* in !(ole or in >art* a national* et(nical* racial or reli$iou% $rou> M inclu"in$D )a+ Billin$ member% o t(e $rou>N )b+ Cau%in$ %eriou% bo"il? or mental (arm to member% o t(e $rou>N )c+ Deliberatel? in lictin$ on t(e $rou> con"ition% o li e calculate" to brin$ about it% >(?%ical "e%truction in !(ole or in >artN All %uc( act% are &iolation% o (uman ri$(t%* an" ma? al%o be crime% a$ain%t (umanit? or !ar crime%* "e>en"in$ on t(e conteEt in !(ic( t(e? !ere committe". T(e Con&ention con irm% t(at $enoci"e* !(et(er committe" in time o >eace or !ar* i% a crime un"er international la! !(ic( >artie% to t(e Con&ention un"erta@e Lto >re&ent an" to >uni%(M )article 1+. A% it i% a >art o international cu%tomar? la!* t(e Con&ention i% con%i"ere" a>>licable in all countrie%* irre%>ecti&e o !(et(er t(e? (a&e %i$ne" or rati ie" it. C(ere $enoci"e "oe% occur* t(e International Criminal Court* !(ic( i% %e>arate an" in"e>en"ent rom t(e /N* i% em>o!ere" to in&e%ti$ate an" >ro%ecute t(o%e mo%t re%>on%ible* i a State i% un!illin$ or unable to eEerci%e ;uri%"iction o&er alle$e" >er>etrator%.4
3 Con&ention on t(e Pre&ention an" Puni%(ment o t(e Crime o 5enoci"e* A"o>te" b? Re%olution 2,8 )III+ A o t(e /.N. 5eneral A%%embl? on 0 December 10-9. Entr? into orceD 12 <anuar? 1011.

- /nite" Nation%* LPre&entin$ 5enoci"e an" .a%% Atrocitie%D A /nite" Nation% %?%tem'!i"e
en"ea&our*M /nite" Nation% Ceb%ite* (tt>D==!!!.un.or$=en=>re&ent$enoci"e=a"&i%er=un_role.%(tml. acce%%e"

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

17

T(e Article 10)1+1 o t(e Statute reHuire% t(e C(amber to %ati% ? it%el t(at an? ca%e brou$(t be ore it all% !it(in t(e ;uri%"iction o t(e Court !(ic( rea"% a%' T(e Court %(all %ati% ? it%el t(at it (a% ;uri%"iction in an? ca%e brou$(t be ore it. T(e Court ma?* on it% o!n motion* "etermine t(e a"mi%%ibilit? o a ca%e in accor"ance !it( article 17, In t(e ca%e o T(e Pro%ecutor &. Omar 3a%%an A(ma" Al'4a%(ir7 * it !a% lai" "o!n b? T(e ICC' LTo all !it(in t(e CourtO% ;uri%"iction* a crime mu%t meet t(e ollo!in$ t(ree con"ition%D it mu%t be one o t(e crime% mentione" in article 1 o t(e Statute* t(at i% to %a?* t(e crime o $enoci"e* crime% a$ain%t (umanit? an" !ar crime%N t(e crime mu%t (a&e been committe" !it(in t(e time >erio" lai" "o!n in article 11 o t(e StatuteN an" t(e crime% mu%t meet one o t(e t!o alternati&e con"ition% "e%cribe" in article 12 o t(e Statute9 P...Q

2ebruar? 281-. 5 S&(ra note 1 , Rome Statute* art. 17 1.3a&in$ re$ar" to >ara$ra>( 18 o t(e Preamble an" article 1* t(e Court %(all "etermine t(at a ca%e i% ina"mi%%ible !(ereD )a+ T(e ca%e i% bein$ in&e%ti$ate" or >ro%ecute" b? a State !(ic( (a% ;uri%"iction o&er it* unle%% t(e State i% un!illin$ or unable $enuinel? to carr? out t(e in&e%ti$ation or >ro%ecutionN )b+ T(e ca%e (a% been in&e%ti$ate" b? a State !(ic( (a% ;uri%"iction o&er it an" t(e State (a% "eci"e" not to >ro%ecute t(e >er%on concerne"* unle%% t(e "eci%ion re%ulte" rom t(e un!illin$ne%% or inabilit? o t(e State $enuinel? to >ro%ecuteN )c+ T(e >er%on concerne" (a% alrea"? been trie" or con"uct !(ic( i% t(e %ub;ect o t(e com>laint* an" a trial b? t(e Court i% not >ermitte" un"er article 28* >ara$ra>( 3N )"+ T(e ca%e i% not o %u icient $ra&it? to ;u%ti ? urt(er action b? t(e Court. 2. In or"er to "etermine un!illin$ne%% in a >articular ca%e* t(e Court %(all con%i"er* (a&in$ re$ar" to t(e >rinci>le% o "ue >roce%% reco$ni:e" b? international la!* !(et(er one or more o t(e ollo!in$ eEi%t* a% a>>licableD )a+T(e >rocee"in$% !ere or are bein$ un"erta@en or t(e national "eci%ion !a% ma"e or t(e >ur>o%e o %(iel"in$ t(e >er%on concerne" rom criminal re%>on%ibilit? or crime% !it(in t(e ;uri%"iction o t(e Court re erre" to in article 1N )b+ T(ere (a% been an un;u%ti ie" "ela? in t(e >rocee"in$% !(ic( in t(e circum%tance% i% incon%i%tent !it( an intent to brin$ t(e >er%on concerne" to ;u%ticeN )c+ T(e >rocee"in$% !ere not or are not bein$ con"ucte" in"e>en"entl? or im>artiall?* an" t(e? !ere or are bein$ con"ucte" in a manner !(ic(* in t(e circum%tance%* i% incon%i%tent !it( an intent to brin$ t(e >er%on concerne" to ;u%tice. 3. In or"er to "etermine inabilit? in a >articular ca%e* t(e Court %(all con%i"er !(et(er* "ue to a total or %ub%tantial colla>%e or una&ailabilit? o it% national ;u"icial %?%tem* t(e State i% unable to obtain t(e accu%e" or t(e nece%%ar? e&i"ence an" te%timon? or ot(er!i%e unable to carr? out it% >rocee"in$%. 7 The 6ro%ec#tor ". (mar 2a%%an Ahmad A* Ba%h r.) ICC'82=81'81=80'121 (2711). 8ICC'Ol=8-'lOl'tEN* >ara. 91.

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

19

article 12 )2+0 "oe% not a>>l? !(ere a %ituation i% re erre" to t(e Court b? t(e Securit? Council actin$ un"er C(a>ter 6II o t(e C(arter* >ur%uant to article 13)b+ o t(e Statute. T(u%* t(e Court ma?* !(ere a %ituation i% re erre" to it b? t(e Securit? Council* eEerci%e ;uri%"iction o&er crime% committe" in t(e territor? o State% !(ic( are not Part? to t(e Statute an" b? national% o State% not Part? to t(e Statute.18
1. In relation to t(e ;uri%"iction ratione

ateriae11* t(e %ai" con"uct% $i&e ri%e to $enoci"e*

crime% a$ain%t (umanit? un"er Article 1)1+)a+12 o t(e Rome Statute in%o ar a% t(e?'

i. Cere >art o a !i"e%>rea" or %?%tematic attac@ "irecte" a$ain%t t(e ma%auri >o>ulation o ;a:ulu* !(ic( ma;orl? %tarte" a ter a %>eec( alle$e"l? $i&en b? .r. lucan@a. ii. !ere not onl? inten"e" to "e%tro? a %ub%tantial >art o t(e ma%auri $rou> a% %uc(* but coul" b? t(em%el&e% e ect %uc( "e%truction or !ere at lea%t >art o a mani e%t >attern o %imilar con"uct a$ain%t t(e tar$ete" $rou>.
2. In relation to t(e ;uri%"iction ratione %o$i13 an" ratione te (oris14 un"er Article 1115* t(e

Court recei&e" t(e re erral to t(e >ro%ecuter b? a %tate >art? in accor"ance !it( %ec.1>ur%uant to Article 13)a+ o t(e Statute. An" on t(e 17 <ul?* 2880 t(e in&e%ti$ation b? an" t(e >ro%ecuter o ICC too@ co$ni:ance o t(e t(e o ice o Pro%ecutor (a" conclu"e" an" an a>>lication or t(e i%%uance o !arrant !a% %ubmitte" un"er Article 19)2+ o t(e Rome %tatute an" t(e >ro%ecutor o ICC too. co!n 1ance o, the matter and n t ated an n"e%t !at on #nder Art c*e 53 , ICC. 2e rece "ed e" dence and doc#ment% ,rom the %tate and %#bm tted t% re$ort to the $re3tr a* chamber. The 6re3tr a* chamber %%#ed arre%t warrant% n the name o, 0r.*#can.a acc#% n! h m o, comm tt n! act% o, !enoc de #nder Art c*e 6 o, the -ome %tat#te o, the ICC.
9 S&(ra note 1. 17 ICC'82=81'81=87'l'Corr*>ara. 1,. 11 <uri%"iction Ratione .ateriae* ot(er!i%e @no!n a% %ub;ect'matter ;uri%"iction re er% to t(e courtO% aut(orit? to "eci"e a >articular ca%e. It i% t(e ;uri%"iction o&er t(e nature o t(e ca%e an" t(e t?>e o relie %ou$(tN t(e eEtent to !(ic( a court can rule on t(e con"uct o >er%on% or t(e %tatu% o t(in$%. 12 O ice o t(e /nite" Nation% 3i$( Commi%%ioner or 3uman Ri$(t%* o(c(r !eb%ite* (tt>D==!!!2.o(c(r.or$=en$li%(=la!=criminalcourt.(tm. acce%%e" 2ebruar?* 2811. 13 Territorial <uri%"iction'Dutc( Ci&il La!*<uri%"iction !eb%ite (tt>D==!!!."utc(ci&illa!.com=;uri%"iction=le$al%?%tem822.(tm. acce%%e" 2ebruar?* 2811. 14 I!id.) 15 1. T(e Court (a% ;uri%"iction onl? !it( re%>ect to crime% committe" a ter t(e entr? into orce o t(i% Statute. 2. I a State become% a Part? to t(i% Statute a ter it% entr? into orce* t(e Court ma? eEerci%e it% ;uri%"iction onl? !it( re%>ect to crime% committe" a ter t(e entr? into orce o t(i% Statute or t(at State* unle%% t(at State (a% ma"e a "eclaration un"er article 12* >ara$ra>( 3.

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

10

but a% %tate" un"er t(e Article 13)a+ o t(e Rome %tatute %tate% t(at' A sit&ation in ,hi$h one or ore of s&$h $ri es a((ears to ha"e !een $o itted is

referred to the Prose$&tor !* the state (art* in a$$ordan$e ,ith arti$%e 01.
3. 2inall?*

1.2 !h/th/, th/ A,/5/:t 9-5/ 75 -8175572;/ 2/@0,/ th/ ICC'

Cit( re$ar" to t(e >ara$ra>( 18t( o t(e >reamble !(ic( %a?% t(at an" t(e Article 17)1+ 1, !(ic( KICC e%tabli%(e" un"er t(i% %tatute %(all be com>limentar? to national criminal ;uri%"iction%F* Article 117 reiterate% t(i% an" Article 17)1+ %tate% t(at a ca%e i% ina"mi%%ible !(en it i% bein$ in&e%ti$ate" or >ro%ecute" b? a %tate t(at (a% ;uri%"iction o&er it* or !(en t(e ca%e (a% alrea"? been in&e%ti$ate" an" t(e %tate (a% "eci"e" not to >ro%ecute. In %uc( circum%tance% t(e court ma? onl? >rocee" !(ere t(e State Ki% un!illin$ an" unable $enuinel?F to in&e%ti$ate or >ro%ecute t(e ca%e. In t(i% )Al 4a%(irF% ca%e19+ re$ar"* t(e C(amber (a% alrea"? (el" t(atD P...Q t(e a"mi%%ibilit? te%t o a ca%e ari%in$ rom t(e in&e%ti$ation o a %ituation (a% t!o >art%. T(e ir%t >art o t(e te%t relate% to national in&e%ti$ation%* >ro%ecution% an" trial% concernin$ t(e ca%e at (an" in%o ar a% %uc( ca%e !oul" be a"mi%%ible onl? i t(o%e State% !it( ;uri%"iction o&er it (a&e remaine" inacti&e in relation to t(at ca%e or are un!illin$ or unable* !it(in t(e meanin$ o article 17)l+ )a+ to )c+* 2 an" 3 o t(e
thEm>(a%i:in$ t(at t(e International Criminal Court e%tabli%(e" un"er t(i% Statute %(all be com>lementar? to national criminal ;uri%"iction% 1, 1* 3a&in$ re$ar" to >ara$ra>( 18 o t(e Preamble an" article 1* t(e Court %(all "etermine t(at a ca%e i% ina"mi%%ible !(ereD )a+ T(e ca%e i% bein$ in&e%ti$ate" or >ro%ecute" b? a State !(ic( (a% ;uri%"iction o&er it* unle%% t(e State i% un!illin$ or unable $enuinel? to carr? out t(e in&e%ti$ation or >ro%ecution )b+ T(e ca%e (a% been in&e%ti$ate" b? a State !(ic( (a% ;uri%"iction o&er it an" t(e State (a% "eci"e" not to >ro%ecute t(e >er%on concerne"* unle%% t(e "eci%ion re%ulte" rom t(e un!illin$ne%% or inabilit? o t(e State $enuinel? to >ro%ecuteN )c+ T(e >er%on concerne" (a% alrea"? been trie" or con"uct !(ic( i% t(e %ub;ect o t(e com>laint* an" a trial b? t(e Court i% not >ermitte" un"er article 28* >ara$ra>( 3N)"+ T(e ca%e i% not o %u icient $ra&it? to ;u%ti ? urt(er action b? t(e Court. 17 An International Criminal Court )Rt(e CourtR+ i% (ereb? e%tabli%(e". It %(all be a >ermanent in%titution an" %(all (a&e t(e >o!er to eEerci%e it% ;uri%"iction o&er >er%on% or t(e mo%t %eriou% crime% o international concern* a% re erre" to in t(i% Statute* an" %(all be com>lementar? to national criminal ;uri%"iction%. T(e ;uri%"iction an" unctionin$ o t(e Court %(all be $o&erne" b? t(e >ro&i%ion% o t(i% Statute. 18 S&(ra note 7.

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

28

Statute. T(e %econ" >art o t(e te%t re er% to t(e $ra&it? t(re%(ol" !(ic( an? ca%e mu%t meet to be a"mi%%ible be ore t(e Court10 In it% 18 2ebruar? 288, Deci%ion* t(e C(amber >ut or!ar" t(e onl? eEi%tin$ "e inition o article 17)l+ )"+ $ra&it? t(re%(ol" >ro&i"e" or to "ate in t(e ;uri%>ru"ence o t(e Court. Accor"in$ to %uc( "e initionD an? ca%e ari%in$ rom an in&e%ti$ation be ore t(e Court !ill meet t(e $ra&it? t(re%(ol" >ro&i"e" or in article 17)l+)"+ o t(e Statute 28 i t(e ollo!in$ t(ree Hue%tion% can be an%!ere" a irmati&el?D 1. I% t(e con"uct !(ic( i% t(e ob;ect o a ca%e %?%tematic or lar$e %cale )"ue con%i"eration %(oul" al%o be $i&en to t(e %ocial alarm cau%e" to t(e international communit? b? t(e rele&ant t?>e o con"uct+N 2. Con%i"erin$ t(e >o%ition o t(e rele&ant >er%on in t(e State entit?* or$ani:ation or arme" $rou> to !(ic( (e belon$%* can it be con%i"ere" t(at %uc( >er%on all% !it(in t(e cate$or? o mo%t %enior lea"er% o t(e %ituation un"er in&e%ti$ationSN an" 3. Doe% t(e rele&ant >er%on all !it(in t(e cate$or? o mo%t %enior lea"er% %u%>ecte" o bein$ mo%t re%>on%ible* con%i"erin$ )1+ t(e role >la?e" b? t(e rele&ant >er%on t(rou$( act% or omi%%ion% !(en t(e State entitie%* or$ani%ation% or arme" $rou>% to !(ic( (e belon$% commit %?%tematic or lar$e'%cale crime !it(in t(e ;uri%"iction o t(e CourtN an" )2+ t(e role >la?e" b? %uc( State entitie%* or$ani%ation% or arme" $rou>% in t(e o&erall commi%%ion o crime% !it(in t(e ;uri%"iction o t(e Court in t(e rele&ant %ituationS T(e >re%ent ca%e o .r. lucan@a (a% ne&er been trie" in t(e criminal court% o Na:olia !(ic( ma@e% t(e inabilit? an" un!illin$ne%% o t(e State to >ro%ecute .r. lucan@a. T(e State (a% remaine" inacti&e in relation to t(at ca%e or !a% un!illin$ or unable* !it(in t(e meanin$ o article 17)l+ )a+ to )c+* 2 an" 3 o t(e Statute. Accor"in$ to t(e "e inition $i&en b? t(e court in it% 2eb 288, "eci%ion* t(ere are t(ree $roun"% to be >ro&en a irmati&el? to "eclare t(e crime to be o enou$( $ra&it?'
()

T(e con"uct !(ic( i% t(e ob;ect o t(e ca%e %(oul" be %?%tematic an" o lar$e %cale enou$( t(at it create% a %ocial alarm or t(e international communit?. It !a% acce>te" in Rome treat? t(at t(ere mu%t be a t(re%(ol" le&el o t(e $ra&it? o t(e in(uman act%

10 ICC'81=8-'128'AnE2* >ara%. 20 an" ,-.

27 S&(ra )note 1

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

21

to Huali ? a% crime% a$ain%t (umanit?. T(e t!o e%%ential element% o t(e $ra&it? o alle$e" act% are L!i"e%>rea" an" %?%tematicF. K!i"e%>rea"F relate% to t(e %cale o an attac@ a$ain%t a ci&ilian >o>ulation T not an i%olate" act but lar$e %cale action "irecte" a$ain%t multi>le &ictim%. KS?%tematicF* on t(e ot(er (an"* carrie% a connotation o >reme"itation b? an or$ani:e" $rou>' an attac@ care ull? >lanne" an" un"erta@en a% >art o a common >olic?. In t(e >re%ent ca%e o .r. lucan@a* t(e attac@% le" b? .r. Lucan@a !ere a$ain%t t(e ma%auri action o t(e >o>ulation o ;a:ulu. T(e !(ole $rou> !a% a ecte" b? t(e mur"er%* bombin$%* torture* eEtortion an" ra>e%. T(e e&i"ence "i%cu%%e" >ro&i"e% $roun"% to belie&e t(at t(e attac@ !a% bot( %?%tematic* $i&en t(e im>robabilit? o t(e ran"om occurrence o t(e act%* a% !ell a% !i"e%>rea"* $i&en t(at t(e reHuent act% !ere carrie" out !it( Lcon%i"erable %eriou%ne%% an" "irecte" a$ain%t a lar$e number o ci&ilian &ictim%M. T(e crime% carrie" out >ur%uant to or in urt(erance o an or$ani%ational >olic? !ere !i"e%>rea" an" %?%tematic in%o ar a% t(e? !ere committe" b? an arme" orce !it( t(ou%an"% o %ol"ier%* "i%>er%e" t(rou$(out t(e Na:olia area%* an" in eEecution o t(e or"er% i%%ue" b? t(e mr.lucan@aF% to> lea"er. 3e eE>re%%l? %tate" t(at t(e %ituation broo@% no urt(er "ela? an" eEtreme %te>% nee" to be ta@en imme"iatel?. T(e e&i"ence >ro&i"e% $roun"% to belie&e t(at t(e mr. lucan@a >er>etrate" a multi>licit? o act% t(at !ere more t(an i%olate" inci"ent% or act% an" t(at t(e multi>licit? o act% !ere >art o t(e attac@. T(e (i$( inci"ence o "eat( an" in;ur? amon$ t(e ci&ilian &ictim% o arme" attac@% !a% not a ran"om occurrence.

( )

Con%i"erin$ t(e >o%ition o t(e rele&ant >er%on i.e. .r. lucan@a in t(e entit? o Na:olia* arme" $rou> !(ic( !a% carr?in$ out t(e attac@ a$ain%t ma%auri !a%

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

22

com>letel? un"er t(e aut(orit? o .r. lucan@a o!in$ to t(e act (e !a% t(e 3ea" o t(e State.
( )

.r. lucan@a !a% "eclare" t(e (ea" o t(e State o na:olia an" lea"in$ an attac@ o %uc( a !i"e%>rea" an" %?%tematic %cale an" t(e role >la?e" b? t(e arm? o t(e %tate o na:olia !a% %o (einou% an" $ra&e in nature t(at un"er t(e cate$or? o $enoci"e a% %tate" in Article ,)a+ o t(e Rome Statute !(ic( come un"er t(e ;uri%"iction o t(e court.

2. !HETHER THE ACCUSED IS GUILTY OF FOLLO!ING CRIMES UNDER A,t. (*'2%

Pur%uant to Art. 19)2+ o t(e Rome Statute* t(e O ice o t(e Pro%ecutor (a% conclu"e" t(at t(ere are rea%onable $roun"% to belie&e t(at .r.lucan@a bear% criminal re%>on%ibilit? un"er Art. 21)3+ )b+ o t(e Rome Statute or t(e ollo!in$ crime%D

C0.:t 1 Att-9> -=-7:5t /th:79 -:8 ,-97-; =,0.A5 90:5t7t.t7:= G/:0978/ )Article ,)a+* )b+* )c+ an" Article 21)3+)a+* )b+ o t(e Rome Statute+
1. 4e ore t(e arre%t o .r.lucan@a* (e committe" * t(rou$( ot(er >er%on* $enoci"e o

ma%auri in na:olia. .a%auri >eo>le (ou%e% !ere burnt. .en* !omen an" c(il"ren !ere ma%%acre" on a lar$e %cale . ma%auri !omen !ere (umiliate" an" ra>e". T(e c(il"ren o t(e ma%auri tribe !ere orcible? tran% erre" an" !ere ultimatel? re>orte" mi%%in$ al%o $un%(ot% !ere ire" on t(e ma%urui cro!" >eo>le at t(e re%i"ent o icial re%i"ence an" mo%t o t(e ci&ilian% !ere $unne" "o!n o i% (ea"e" at t(e >re%i"ent% o icial re%i"ence an" a% a "omino e ect* ma%auri >eo>le !ere %?%tematicall? @ille" all o&er t(e nation.

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

23

In t(e Rome Statute* t(e Article , rea"% a% T L2or t(e >ur>o%e o t(i% Statute* R$enoci"eR mean% an? o t(e ollo!in$ act% committe" !it( intent to "e%tro?* in !(ole or in >art* a national* et(nical* racial or reli$iou% $rou>* a% %uc(D )a+ )b+ )c+ Billin$ member% o t(e $rou>N Cau%in$ %eriou% bo"il? or mental (arm to member% o t(e $rou>N Deliberatel? in lictin$ on t(e $rou> con"ition% o li e calculate" to brin$ about

it% >(?%ical "e%truction in !(ole or in >artN )"+ Im>o%in$ mea%ure% inten"e" to >re&ent birt(% !it(in t(e $rou>NM

1. .r. lucan@a committe" $enoci"e b? cau%in$ %eriou% bo"il? or mental (arm to

member% o eac( tar$et $rou>* un"er Article ,)b+ o t(e Rome Statute* b? u%in$ t(e %tate a>>aratu%* to cau%e %eriou% bo"il? or mental (arm to member% o ma%auri t(rou$( act% o ra>e* ot(er orm% o %eEual &iolence* torture an" orcible "i%>lacement o member% o t(e%e $rou>%* !it( intent to "e%tro? t(e $rou> a% %uc(* in !(ole or in >art* in &iolation o Art%. ,)b+ an" 21)3+)b+ o t(e Rome Statute. In Al 4a%(irF% ;u"$ment21 it !a% (el" t(at* Lt(e "e inition o t(e crime o $enoci"e in article II o t(e Con&ention on t(e Pre&ention an" Puni%(ment o t(e Crime o 5enoci"e o 10-9 )Rt(e 10-9 5enoci"e Con&entionR+ "oe% not eE>re%%l? reHuire an? conteEtual element. T(e .a;orit? al%o note% t(at article - o t(e Statute o t(e International Criminal Tribunal or t(e ormer #u$o%la&ia )Rt(e ICT#R+ an" article 2 o t(e Statute o t(e International Criminal Tribunal or R!an"a )Rt(e ICTRR+ (a&e a"o>te" t(e %ame "e inition o 5enoci"e a% t(e one >ro&i"e" or in article II o t(e 10-9 5enoci"e Con&ention. An" t(e "e inition o t(e crime o $enoci"e >ro&i"e" or in article , o t(e Statute i% t(e %ame a% t(at inclu"e" in article II o t(e 10-9 5enoci"e Con&ention.M 3ence t(ere are no conteEtual element% to be >ro&en. S>eci ic element% !(ic( nee" to be >ro&en are t!o* !(ic( are common to t(e abo&e' mentione" i&e cate$orie% o $enoci"al act% >ro&i"e" or in Article , o t(e StatuteD

21 The 6ro%ec#tor ". (mar 2a%%an Ahmad A* Ba%h r.) ICC'82=81'81=80'121 (2711).

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

2-

)i+ t(e &ictim% mu%t belon$ to a >articular national* et(nic* racial or reli$iou% $rou>Nan" )ii+ t(e >er>etrator mu%t act !it( t(e intent to "e%tro? in !(ole or in >art t(at >articular $rou>. In t(e >re%ent ca%e* t(e &ictim% o t(e attac@ belon$e" to t(e tribe o ma%auri >articularl? inclu"in$ !omen !(o !ere ra>e" an" torture" mentall? an" >(?%icall?. T!o* >er>etrator i.e. .r. lucan@a acte" !it( t(e intent to "e%tro? in !(ole or in >art t(e et(nic tribe o ma%arui. Se&eral ma%auri !ere roun"e" u> on t(e ba%i% o (a&in$ lin@% !it( t(e alle$e" con%>irac? o remo&in$ (im rom t(e o ice. Out o t(e (un"re" t(ou%an" >eo>le !(o !ere brutall? mur"ere"* almo%t ninet? >ercent !ere t(e ma%auri.

C0.:t 2 M.,8/, 90:5t7t.t7:= 9,71/5 -=-7:5t h.1-:7t< )Article 7)1+)a+ an" Article 21)3+)b+ o t(e Rome Statute+

Pur%uant to Art. 7)1+ o t(e Statute* a crime a$ain%t (umanit? i% con%titute" i t(e act% (a&e been committe" a% >art o a !i"e%>rea" or %?%tematic attac@* "irecte" to!ar"% t(e ci&ilian >o>ulation* !it( @no!le"$e o t(e attac@. C(en t(e ma%auri >eo>le %ta$e" a (u$e "emon%tration in ront o t(e >re%i"ent lucan@a o icial re%i"ence an" blame" t(e $o&t. or t(e outbrea@ o t(e (o%tilitie%. T(in$% become &iolent !(en e! $un%(ot% !ere ire" an" a% a re%ult t(e cro!" $re! &iolent an" trie" to %torm t(e >re%i"ent >alace. T(e >olice an" militar? o icial came "o!n !it( a (ea&? (an" an" mo%t o t(e ci&ilian% !ere $unne" "o!n or i% be(ea"e" at t(e >re%i"ence re%i"ence >lace. In Al 4a%(irF% ca%e* t(e C(amber (el" t(at* Lin or"er to con%titute a crime a$ain%t (umanit?* Article 7)1+ o t(e Statute al%o reHuire% t(at t(e rele&ant act% o &iolence be committe" !it( R@no!le"$e o t(e attac@R %uc( t(at t(e >er>etrator R@ne! t(at t(e con"uct !a% >art o or inten"e" t(e con"uct to be >art o a !i"e%>rea" or %?%tematic attac@ a$ain%t a ci&ilian >o>ulation.RM09 a% "i%cu%%e" in I%%ue 1.

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

21

A% t(e C(amber (a% alrea"? (el"* %uc( @no!le"$e %(oul" Rnot be inter>rete" a% reHuirin$ >roo t(at t(e >er>etrator (a" @no!le"$e o all c(aracteri%tic% o t(e attac@ or t(e >reci%e "etail% o t(e >lan or >olic? o t(e State or or$ani:ation.R00 On t(e contrar?* t(i% C(amber (a% >re&iou%l? un"er%too" t(i% >(ra%e to mean t(at t(e >er>etrator @ne! t(at t(ere !a% an attac@ on a ci&ilian >o>ulation* an" t(at (i% or (er act% !ere a >art o t(at attac@.188

C0.:t ) R-A/ 90:5t7t.t7:= - A-,t 0@ 9,71/5 -=-7:5t h.1-:7t< )Article 7)1+ )$+ an" Article 21)3+ )b+ o t(e Rome Statute+

Article 7 o t(e Rome Statute %tate%D )1+ 2or t(e >ur>o%e o t(i% Statute* Rcrime a$ain%t (umanit?R mean% an? o t(e

ollo!in$ act% !(en committe" a% >art o a !i"e%>rea" or %?%tematic attac@ "irecte" a$ain%t an? ci&ilian >o>ulation* !it( @no!le"$e o t(e attac@D )$+ Ra>e* %eEual %la&er?* en orce" >ro%titution* orce" >re$nanc?* en orce"

%terili:ation* or an? ot(er orm o %eEual &iolence o com>arable $ra&it?.

In accor"ance !it( Article 21)3+ )b+* a >er%on %(all be (el" liable or >uni%(ment i (e or"er%* %olicit% or in"uce% %uc( a crime !(ic( in act occur% or i% attem>te". National an" international ne!%>a>er% re>orte" com>laint% o !omen !(o claim to (a&e been ra>e" b? %ol"ier% !(o con e%%e" t(at t(eir action% !ere moti&ate" b? a "e%ire to c(an$e t(e "emo$ra>(ic con"ition o t(e re$ion. 2or t(e %ame Count* in t(e ca%e o Pro%ecutor 6. CalliEte .baru%(imanaD L3a&in$ anal?%e" t(e e&i"ence >re%ente" b? t(e Pro%ecutor* t(e C(amber i% %ati% ie" t(at t(ere are rea%onable $roun"% to belie&e t(at a %erie% o attac@% !a% carrie" out b? ________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

2,

2DLR troo>% in t(e >erio" bet!een <anuar? an" Se>tember 2880 a$ain%t t(e ci&ilian >o>ulation o t(e Nort( an" Sout( Bi&u.M

C0.:t 4 !7;;@.; >7;;7:= 90:5t7t.t7:= - A-,t 0@ ?-, 9,71/5 )Article 9)2+)a+)i+* Article 9)2+ )a+)ii+* Article 9)2+)e+)i+ an" Article 9)2+)e+)&i+ o t(e Rome Statute+

In t(e ca%e o Al 4a%(ir* t(e C(amber (a" alrea"? (el"D P...Q accor"in$ to t(e Statute an" t(e Element% o Crime%* t(e "e inition o e&er? crime !it(in t(e ;uri%"iction o t(e Court inclu"e% bot( conteEtual an" %>eci ic element%. 3ence* t(e C(amber !ill ir%t anal?:e !(et(er t(ere are rea%onable $roun"% to belie&e t(at t(e conteEtual element% o t(e crime% alle$e" b? t(e Pro%ecution in t(e Pro%ecution A>>lication are >re%ent* an" onl? i t(e an%!er i% in t(e a irmati&e* !ill turn it% attention to t(e Hue%tion a% to !(et(er t(ere are rea%onable $roun"% to belie&e t(at t(e %>eci ic element% o an? %uc( crime (a&e been met.

In t(i% re$ar"* t(e C(amber ob%er&e% t(at article 9)2+) + o t(e Statute* !(ic( "e ine% Rarme" con lict% not o an international c(aracterR or t(e >ur>o%e o article 9)2+)e+ o t(e Statute* %tate% t(atD Para$ra>( 2 )e+ a>>lie% to arme" con lict% not o an international c(aracter an" t(u% "oe% not a>>l? to %ituation% o internal "i%turbance% an" ten%ion%* %uc( a% riot%* i%olate" an" %>ora"ic act% o &iolence or ot(er act% o a %imilar nature. It a>>lie% to arme" con lict% t(at ta@e >lace in t(e territor? o a State !(ere t(ere i% a >rotracte" arme" con lict bet!een $o&ernmental aut(oritie% an" or$ani:e" arme" $rou>% or bet!een %uc( $rou>%. ________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

27

T(e C(amber (a% al%o (i$(li$(te" t(at article 9)2+) + o t(e Statute ma@e% re erence to R>rotracte" arme" con lict bet!een P...Q or$ani:e" arme" $rou>%R* an" t(at* in t(e &ie! o t(e C(amber* t(i% ocu%e% on t(e nee" or t(e or$ani%e" arme" $rou>% in Hue%tion to (a&e t(e abilit? to >lan an" carr? out militar? o>eration% or a >rolon$e" >erio" o time. Arme" con lict in t(e State o Na:olia (a" %tarte" in t(e mont( o No&ember* 2889* an" continue" till A>ril 2880* la%tin$ or a >erio" o almo%t %iE mont(%. Article 9)2+)a+)i+ %tate%D 2. 2or t(e >ur>o%e o t(i% Statute* L!ar crime%M mean%D )a+ 5ra&e breac(e% o t(e 5ene&a Con&ention% o 12 Au$u%t 10-0* namel?* an? o t(e ollo!in$ act% a$ain%t >er%on% or >ro>ert? >rotecte" un"er t(e >ro&i%ion% o t(e rele&ant 5ene&a Con&entionD )i+ Cill ul @illin$

In >re%ent ca%e >eo>le !ere brutall? mur"ere" on account o &oicin$ t(eir o>inion% a$ain%t .r. lucan@a. 3e "eclare" em>(aticall? t(at (e (a" no merc? or t(o%e !(o betra?e" t(e cau%e o t(eir nation. 3e al%o $a&e be(ea"e" man? >eo>le in ront o t(e (i% o icial re%i"ence* clearl? >ro&in$ t(at (e !ill ull? cau%e" t(e @illin$ o t(e ma%auri >eo>le.

C0.:t ( '"70;-t70: 0@ ;-?5 -AA;79-2;/ 7: 7:t/,:-t70:-; -,1/8 90:@;79t 90:5t7t.t7:= ?-, 9,71/5% )Article 9)2+)b+)E&iii+ o t(e Rome Statute+

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

29

A% >er Article 9 o t(e Statute* )2+ 2or t(e >ur>o%e o t(i% %tatute* L!ar crime%M mean%D )b+ Ot(er %eriou% &iolation% o t(e la!% an" cu%tom% a>>licable in

international arme" con lict* !it(in t(e e%tabli%(e" rame!or@ o international la!* namel?* an? o t(e ollo!in$ act%D )i+ Intentionall? "irectin$ attac@% a$ain%t t(e ci&ilian >o>ulation a%

%uc( or a$ain%t in"i&i"ual ci&ilian% not ta@in$ "irect >art in (o%tilitie%N )iii+ (ealt(N )i&+ EEten%i&e "e%truction an" a>>ro>riation o >ro>ert? not ;u%ti ie" Cil ull? cau%in$ $reat %u erin$* or %eriou% in;ur? to bo"? or

b? militar? nece%%it? an" carrie" out unla! ull? an" !antonl?N

Article 9)2+)b+)E&iii+ o t(e Statute !a% &iolate" b? Lucan@a b? intentionall? Em>lo?in$ a%>(?Eiation * >oi%onou% or ot(er $a%e%.

2. I5 -,,/5t -:8 5.25/B./:t t,-:5@/, 0@ M,. ;.9-:>- t0 ICC 75 ;/=-;3

A ter t(e Sate re errin$ t(e %ituation in na:olia to t(e ICC an" reHue%te" t(e ICC to commence in&e%ti$ation in t(e ca%e* t(e ICC "eclare" it% intention to %tart in&e%ti$ation in t(e ca%e an" a ter >ro>er in&e%ti$ation* t(e >ro%ecutor %ubmitte" it% a>>lication to t(e >re'trial c(amber or i%%uance o arre%t !arrant a$ain%t .r. lucan@a un"er Article 19 o t(e Rome Statute. Pur%uant to t(e a>>lication* t(e >retrail c(amber i%%ue" an arre%t !arrant a$ain%t .r. Lucan@a an" reHue%te" 5o$oli%tan to %urren"er .r. lucan@a to t(e ICC. Article 19)a+ o t(e %tatute %tate% t(at LAt an* ti e after the initiation of an in"esti'ation) the Pre+Tria% Cha !er sha%%) on the a((%i$ation of the Prose$&tor) iss&e a ,arrant of arrest of a (erson if) ha"in' e-a ined the a((%i$ation and the e"iden$e or other infor ation s&! itted !* the Prose$&tor) it is satisfied that#

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

20

(a) There are reasona!%e 'ro&nds to !e%ie"e that the (erson has $o

itted a $ri e ,ithin

the .&risdi$tion of the Co&rt./

PRAYER

C(ere ore in t(e li$(t o t(e Aut(oritie% cite"* I%%ue% >re%ente" an" !ritten >lea"in$%* t(i% 3onFble Trial c(amber o t(e court ma? be >lea%e" to a";u"$e an" "eclare t(atD'

I. II. III.

T(e ICC (a% t(e com>lete ;uri%"iction to tr? t(e ca%e o&er .r. Lucan@a an" t(e ca%e i% a"mi%%ible be ore t(e court. Arre%t an" %ub%eHuent tran% er o .r. Lucan@a i% le$al. .r. Lucan@a i% $uilt? o t(e ollo!in$ crime%
a) Crime o 5enoci"e un"er Article ,)a+ o t(e Rome Statute. b) Crime a$ain%t 3umanit? un"er Article 7)1+ )$+ c) Car Crime% un"er Article 9)2+ )b+)iE+

All o !(ic( i% re%>ect ull? %ubmitte"

S"=' Coun%el% or t(e Claimant

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT

38

________________________________________________________________________
!RITTEN SU
MISSION ON EHALF OF THE CLAIMANT