JournalofEngineering,Computers&AppliedSciences(JEC&AS)ISSNNo:23195606 Volume2,No.

4,April2013 _________________________________________________________________________________

Comparative Study of 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G

Sapna Shukla, Student, Electronics and Communication, RKGITW, Ghaziabad Varsha Khare, Student, Electronics and Communication, RKGITW, Ghaziabad Shubhanshi Garg, Student, Electronics and Communication, RKGITW, Ghaziabad Paramanand Sharma, Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication, RKGITW, Ghaziabad

ABSTRACT
Mobile communication is continuously one of the hottest areas that are developing at a booming speed, with advanced techniques emerging in all the fields of mobile and wireless communications. This paper deals with the comparative study of wireless cellular technologies namely First Generation, Second Generation, Third Generation, and Fourth Generation. A cellular network or mobile network is a radio network distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver, known as a cell site or base station. In a cellular network, each cell uses a different set of frequencies from neighbouring cells, to avoid interference and provide guaranteed bandwidth within each cell. The First Generation were referred to as cellular, which was later shortened to "cell", Cell phone signals were based on analog system transmissions, and First Generation devices were comparatively less heavy and expensive. Second Generation phones deploy GSM technology. Global System for Mobile communications or GSM uses digital modulation to improve voice quality but the network offers limited data service. The Third Generation revolution allowed mobile telephone customers to use audio, graphics and video applications. Fourth Generation is short for fourth-generation cell phones or/and hand held devices. Keywords Cellular network, First Generation, Second Generation, Third Generation, and Fourth Generation

1.

INTRODUCTION

The past few years have witnessed a phenomenal growth in the wireless industry, both in terms of mobile technology and subscribers. The firstgeneration mobile systems were the analogue (or semi-analogue) systems, which came in the early 1980s - they were also called NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone). They offered mainly speech and related services and were highly incompatible with each other. 1G refers to analog cellular technologies; it became available in the 1980s. 2G denotes initial digital systems, introducing services such as short messaging and lower speed data. CDMA2000 1xRTT and GSM are the primary 2G technologies, although CDMA2000 1xRTT is sometimes called a 3G technology because it meets the 144 kbps mobile throughput requirement. EDGE, however, also meets this requirement. 2G technologies became available in the 1990s. 3G requirements were specified by the ITU as part of the International Mobile Telephone 2000 (IMT2000) project, for which digital networks had to provide 144 kbps of throughput at mobile speeds, 384 kbps at pedestrian speeds, and 2 Mbps in indoor environments [5]. UMTS-HSPA and CDMA2000 EV-DO are the primary 3G technologies, although recently WiMAX was also designated as an official 3G technology [5]. The present time is just right to start the research of 4G mobile communications because of:

Possibility, according to the historical indication of a generation revolution once a decade, and now we are near the end of 3G standardization phase and the beginning of 3G deployment. Necessity: according to 3G goals, 3G is necessary but not sufficient to the mobile communication strategy, in which many problems are only partly solved and there are still many problems left to be solved in the next generation, i.e. 4G [1-3]. This paper is organized as follows. Section II provides a brief review of the development history and status of mobile communications. From first generation of cellular networks how mobile industry has grown till fourth generation. Description of First, Second, Third and Fourth generation. Section III portrays a comparison between all the four generation. Section IV gives the conclusion of the paper and also about the future prospects of the paper.

2. EVOLUTION OF MOBILE CELLULAR NETWORKS

A cellular network or mobile network is a radio network distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver, known as a cell site or base station. In a cellular network, each cell uses a different set of frequencies from neighbouring cells, to avoid interference and provide guaranteed bandwidth within each cell. When joined together these cells

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provide radio coverage over a wide w geograph hic area. This T enables a large number of portablet transceivers (e e.g., mobile phones, page ers, etc.) to communicate e with each other and with w fix xed transceivers and teleph hones anywhere in the ne etwork, via base b stations, even if som me of the tra ansceivers are e moving thro ough more tha an one cell du uring transmis ssion.

FIGU URE I: EVOL LUTION OF MOBLIE M CEL LLULAR

N NETWORKS[ [7]

FIRST GEN NERATION 2.1 The fir rst generati ion of wi ireless mob bile communi ications was based on an nalog signallin ng. Analog s systems, impl lemented in North N Americ ca, were known as Ana alog Mobile Phone System ms (AMPS), , while syste ems implemen nted in Euro ope and the r rest of the wor rld was typica ally identified as a variat tion of Tot tal Access Communicati ion Systems (TACS). Analog systems were primar rily based on n circuit-switch hed technolog gy and design ned for voice e, not data. Ro oaming was not n possible and a the efficient use of frequency f spe ectrum was not n possible. 1G refers s to the first-generati ion of wirele ess telephone technology, t m mobile telecom mm unication ns. These a are the analo og telecommun nications stan ndards that we ere introduce ed in the 1980s and contin nued until bei ing replaced by 2G digital telecommuni ications. The main m differen nce between two succeedi ing mobile te elephone syst tems, 1G and d 2G, is that the t radio sig gnals that 1G G networks use u are analo og, while 2G G networks are digital. 1G1 technolo ogy replaced 0G technolo ogy, which featured f mob bile radio tele ephones and such technolo ogies as Mob bile Telephon ne System (MTS), Adv vanced Mob bile Telephon ne System (AMTS), ( Im mproved Mob bile Telephon ne Service (IMTS), ( and Push to Ta alk (PTT). . Through 1G, , a voice call gets modulat ted to a highe er frequency of o about 150M MHz and up as s it is transm mitted between n radio tower rs. This is do one using a technique called Freq quency-Divisi ion Multiple Access (FDM MA). But its i fail in som me field such h as in terms of overall con nnection quali ity, 1G comp pares unfavour rably to its successor rs. It has low capacity, unr reliable hando off, poor voic ce links, and no security at t all since voi ice calls wer re played ba ack in radio towers, maki ing

th hese calls susc ceptible to unw wanted eaves dropping by y third parties. With the in ntroduction of f 1G phones, th he mobile m market showed d annual grow wth rate of 30 to 50 per ce ent, rising to nearly 20 million m subsc cribers by 19 990.

E PHONE FIGURE II: NOKIA 650 1G MOBILE

2. .2 Second Generation G n
Th he second ge eneration, 2G system, field ded in the la ate 1980s and d finished in n the late 19 990s, was pl lanned mainly y for voice tra ansmission wi ith digital sig gnal and the speeds up to o 64kbps. 2G G wireless ce ellular mobile e services wa as a step ahe ead of 1G se ervices by pro oviding the fa acility of short t message se ervice(SMS) unlike u 1G that t had its prime e focus on ve erbal commun nication. The bandwidth b of f 2G is 3020 00 KHz. Durin ng the second d generation, the t mobile te elecommunications ind dustry exp xperienced ex xponential gr rowth in term ms of both su ubscribers an nd value-adde ed services. In I the early 1990s, 1 2G ph hones deplo oying GSM M technolog gy were in ntroduced. Global Sy ystem for Mobile co ommunication ns or GSM use es digital mod dulation to im mprove voice quality q but the e network offe ers limited

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data ser rvice. As dem mand drove uptake of cell c phones, 2G carrier rs continued d to impro ove transmiss sion quality an nd coverage. The 2G carrie ers also beg gan to offer additional a se ervices, such as paging, f faxes, text messages m and voicemail. The T limited data d services s under 2G included WA AP, HSCSD and a MLS.An intermediary i p phase, 2.5G was w introduce ed in the lat te 1990s. It uses the GPR RS standard d, which del livers packet t-switched da ata capabilit ties to existin ng GSM netw works. It allows users to send graphic cs-rich data as a packets. The T importan nce for packet t-switching inc creased with the t rise of the Internet and d the Internet Protocol, P or IP. I id-1980s the European E com mmission start ted In the mi a serie es of acti ivities to liberalise the t communi ications se ector, inclu uding mob bile communi ications. This s resulted in the creation of ETSI, which w inherit ted all the standardisati ion activities s in Europe. This T saw the birth b of the fi irst specifica ations, and th he network b based on digi ital technolog gy; it was ca alled the Glo obal System for f Mobile C Communicatio on or GSM. Since the fi irst networks s appeared at the beginning g of 1991, GS SM has gradu ually evolved d to meet the requirements of data traf ffic and man ny more ser rvices than the t original n networks. GSM System for Mob bile (Global Commun nication): The mai in elements of o this system m are the BSS (Base St tation Subsyst tem), in whic ch there are the t BTS (Ba ase Tran recei iver Station) and BSC (Ba ase Station Controllers); and the NSS N (Netwo ork ng Subsystem) ), in which th here is the MS SC Switchin (Mobile Switching Ce entre); VLR (V Visitor Locati ion Register) ); HLR (Hom me Location Register); AC A (Authent tication Cent tre), and EI IR (Equipme ent Identity Register) Th his network is capable of providing g all the basic c services such as speech and a data serv vices up to 9.6 kbps, fax, etc. This GS SM network also has an a extension to the fix xed telephony y networks. GSM an nd VAS (Valu ue Added Serv vices): The next t advancement t in the GSM system was the t addition of two pla atforms, calle ed Voice Mail M M Servi ice System (VMS) and the Short Message he SMSC proved to be Centre (SMSC). Th ally successfu ul, so much so incredibly commercia ome networks the SMS traf ffic constitutes a that in so major pa art of the total traffic. Along g with the VA AS, IN (Intel lligent service es) also made its mark in the t GSM sy ystem, with its i advantage e of giving the t operators s the chance to o create a who ole range of ne ew services. Fraud manag gement and 'pr re-paid' servic ces are the re esult of the IN N service. GSM a and GPRS (General Packet Rad dio Services) ): As the require A ement for sen nding data on n the airin nterface increa ased, new ele ements such as SGSN (S Serving GPRS S) and GGSN (Gateway GP PRS) were ad dded to the ex xisting GSM system. s These e elements m made it possib ble to send packet p data on n the airin nterface. This part of the network han ndling the pa acket data is also a called the e 'packet core network'. In n addition to o the SGSN and GGSN N, it also co ontains the IP P routers, fire ewall servers and DNS (d domain name e servers). This T enables wireless ac ccess to the Internet I and th he bit rate re eaching to 15 50 kbps in opt timum conditi ions. G GSM and ED DGE (Enha anced Data rates for gl lobal evolution): W With both voice and data traffic movin ng on the sy ystem, the nee ed was felt to o increase the data rate. Th his was done by using mor re sophisticate ed coding m methods over the t Internet and a thus incre easing the da ata rate up to 384 kbp ps. EDGE/EGPRS is im mplemented as a bolt-on b enh hancement fo or 2.5G GSM/ /GPRS netwo orks, making it easier fo or existing GS SM carriers to upgrade to it. . EDGE is a superset to GPRS and can function n on any ne etwork with GPRS G deploy yed on it, pro ovided the ca arrier implem ments the nece essary upgrad de. EDGE ca an carry a ban ndwidth up to o 236 kbit/s (with ( endto o-end latency of o less than 15 50 ms) for 4 timeslot in pa acket mode. This T means it can handle f four times as s much traffic as standard GPRS. G

F FIGURE III: 2G 2 TECHNOL LOGY GSM technolog G gy is a comb bination of Frequency F D Division Mult tiple Access (FDMA) and a Time D Division Multip iple Access (T TDMA). The first f GSM sy ystems used a 25MHz freq quency spectru um in the 90 00MHz band d. FDMA is used to divide d the av vailable 25M MHz of bandw width into 12 24 carrier fr requencies of f 200 kHz each. Each freq quency is th hen divided using u a TDM MA scheme into i eight tim meslots. The e use of se eparate time eslots for tr ransmission and recep ption simplif ifies the el lectronics in the mobile units. Toda ay, GSM

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systems o operate in the e 900MHz and d 1.8 GHz ban nds througho out the world d with the ex xception of the t Americas s where they operate o in the 1.9 GHz band d ex xisting GSM and TDMA networks. Wo orking on th he basis of em mails, it sends s text and grap phics-rich da ata as pack kets at very fast speed d. EDGE te echnology is a standard tha at has been sp pecified to en nhance the throughput t p per timeslot for both H HSCSD and GPRS. Alth hough GPR RS is an ex xtension to th he radio access network, i it requires w whole new pac cket based IP data links, ser rvers, and ga ateways in th he core netwo ork. Thus GP PRS adds se everal new components c besides chan nging the ex xisting GSM or o TDMA netw work

2.3 Gen neration or r 2G+ Wire eless Networ rk

The virtu ual explosion of Internet usage u has had d a tremendo ous Impact on the deman nd for advanc ced wireless data commun nication servic ces. The mob bile gy using ge eneral packet t radio servi ice technolog (GPRS) standard has been termed d as 2.5G. 2.5 5G systems enhance the data capacity y of GSM and a mitigate some of its limitations l th he effective da ata rate of 2G circuit-sw witched wirel less systems is relatively y slow -- too slow s for today y's Internet. As a result, GSM, PDC and d other TDMA-based mob bile system p providers and carriers have developed 2G G+ technolog gy that is pac cket-based an nd increases the t data com mmunication speeds to as high h as 384kbp ps. These 2G G+ systems are based on n the followi ing technolog gies: High Sp peed Circuit-Switched Da ata (HSCSD D), General Packet Radio R Servi ice (GPRS) and Enhanc ced Data Ra ates for Glob bal on (EDGE) technologies. Evolutio HSCSD is one step to owards 3G wideband w mob bile data netw works. This circuit-switch hed technolo ogy improves s the data rates up to o 57.6kbps by introduci ing 14.4 kb bps data co oding and by aggregati ing 4 radio channels tim meslots of 14 4.4 kbps.GPR cket-switched capabilities to RS adds pac

FI IGURE IV: SI IEMENS S57 7 2.5G PRS PHONE

G NETW WORK [9] FIGURE V: GPRS S The MS M includes radio r equipme ent Mobile Station: and the Man Machi ine Interface (MMI) that t a e needs in order o to acce ess the servic ces subscribe provided d by the GSM. . The MS is a combination of terminal equipment t (called ME (M ob bile Equipme ent)) and sub bscriber data a (stored in a se eparate module called SIM M (S ubscribe er Identity Module)). Base Transcei iver System (BTS): The e physical nd radio transm mission interf face between s subscriber an station and the BSC are prov vided by the BTS. The adio equipmen nts that are re equired to ser rvice each ra

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cell in the network are components of the BTS. Cells are the logical divisions in the Radio transmission coverage. BTS controls each cell in a network, and in turn, one BSC controls a group of BTSs. It takes care of Air interface signalling, Air interface ciphering and speech processing. Base Station Controller (BSC): The management of several Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) is done by the BSC. It also provides all the control functions and physical links among the different BTS and between the switching center (SC) and the BTSs. Being a high-capacity switch, it provides functions such as cell configuration data, and control of radio frequency power levels in BTS. One SC serves a number of BSCs Base Station Subsystem (BSS): BSS is the point where all radio transmission related functions are performed. The BSS is composed of the BSC and the BTS. Home Location Register (HLR): All the administrative information related to each subscriber registered in the respective communication network, including the current location of the subscriber, is contained in the HLR Visitor Location Register (VLR): The VLR is a database containing all the temporary information about the subscribers. This information is needed by the MSC to service the visiting subscribers. Equipment Identity Register (EIR): The EIR is a database containing a list of all the valid mobile subscriber stations on the network. 2.3 Third Generation The third generation mobile technology based on wide band wireless network fulfilling the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. As per the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required to provide peak data rates of at least 200 Kbit/s. 3G functions in the range of 2100 Hz and bandwidth 15-20 MHz The communication provides enhanced clarity and perfection like the real conversation. Recent 3G releases provide mobile broadband access of several M bit/s to smart phones and mobile modems in laptop computers. The first release of (Third Generation Partnership Project) 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard completely fulfil the (International Telecommunications Union) ITU 4G requirements called the IMT-Advanced. 4G or 3.9G technology is the first release LTE. Its evolution LTE Advanced is a 4G technology. 3G offers a vertically- integrated, top-down, service-provider approach to delivering wireless Internet access. 3G is a technology for mobile service providers. Mobile services are provided by service providers that own and operate their own wireless networks and sell mobile services to endusers, usually on a monthly subscription basis. Mobile service providers use licensed spectrum to provide wireless telephone coverage over some relatively large contiguous geographic serving area. Historically, this might have included a metropolitan area. Today it may include the entire country. From a users perspective, the key feature of mobile service is that it offers (near) ubiquitous and continuous coverage that is, a consumer can carry on a telephone conversation while driving along a highway at 100Km/hour. To support this service, mobile operators maintain a network of interconnected and overlapping mobile base stations that hand-off customers as those customers move among adjacent cells. Each mobile base station may support users up to several kilometres away. The cell towers are connected to each other by a backhaul network that also provides interconnection to the wire line Public Switched Telecommunications Network (PSTN) and other services. The mobile system operator owns the end-to-end network from the base stations to the backhaul network to the point of interconnection to the PSTN (and, perhaps, parts thereof). These can support data rates of from 384Kbps up to 2Mbps, although most commercial deployments are expected to offer data rates closer to 100Kbps in practice. While this is substantially below the rates supported by the current generation of wire line broadband access services such as DSL or cable modems, it is expected that future upgrades to the3G or the transition to 4G mobile services will offer substantially higher bandwidths. Although wire line systems are likely to always exceed the capacity of wireless ones, it remains unclear precisely how much bandwidth will be demanded by the typical consumer and whether 3G services will offer enough to meet the needs of most consumers. Auctions for 3G spectrum licenses occurred in a number of countries in 2000 and the first commercial offerings of 3G services began in Japan in October 2001. More recently, Verizon Wireless has announced "3G" service in portions of its serving territory (though this is not true-3G service). 3G offers much narrower bandwidth but over a wider calling area and with more support for rapid movement between base stations. The IMT-2000 framework sets the following goals for the so called 3G wireless systems: Global standards to allow for low cost and worldwide roaming. High Quality of Service (QoS) especially for voice. Support for advanced services: Multimedia, Bandwidth on Demand, High speed data.

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Flexibi ility for evolu ution allowin ng for backwa ard compa atibility and to o cope with an ny future mark ket discont tinuity. Multi-e environment capabilities. c Compa atibility of ser rvices with fix xed networks. In building/Private Systems S Integration. Sigtran (SCT TP, M3UA): protocols suit te used to transfer SCN N signaling pro otocols over IP P network

FIGURE E VII: 3G TEC CHNOLOGY The foll lowing is a brief description of ea ach protoco ol layer in a 3G wir reless netwo ork infrastr ructure: Global l Mobility Managem ment (GMM M): protoco ol that includ des attach, detach, d securi ity, and rou uting area upd date functiona ality. Node B Application Part (NB BAP): provid des dures for pag ging distribu ution, broadcast proced of system m informatio on and management m dedicat ted and logica al resources Radio Link Contro ol (RLC): pro ovides a logic cal ontrol over the e radio interfac ce. link co Mediu um Access Control C (MAC C): controls the t access signaling (re equest and gr rant) procedur res for the radio channel. Radio resource Co ontrol (RRC C): manages the t allocat tion and maintenance e of rad dio commu unication path hs. Radio Access Netw work Applic cation Protoc col (RANA AP): encapsu ulates higher layer signalin ng. Manag ges the signa aling and GT TP connectio ons betwee en RNC and 3G-SGSN, 3 an nd signaling and a circuit-switched con nnections betw ween RNC and a 3G MS SC. Radio o Network Service Application Pa art (RNSA AP): provides s the commun nication betwe een RNCs. GPRS Tunnel Pro otocol (GTP) ): protocol th hat tunnels s the protoco ol data units through the IP backbo one by addin ng routing inf formation. GT TP operate es on top of TCP/UDP over r IP. Mobile e Applicatio on Part (M MAP): suppo orts signaling between SGSN N/GGSN and a AuC/EIR. HLR/A AAL2 Signaling (Q Q.2630.1, Q.21 150.1, Q.2150 0.2, AAL2 SSSAR, and AAL2 CPS): : protocols su uite used to o transfer voic ce over ATM backbone usi ing ATM a adaptation lay yer 2.

FI IGURE VIII: 3G NETWOR RKS [8]

2.4 F Fourth Generation: 4G G (or 4-G) is short for fourth-genera ation cell ph hones or/and hand held de evices. It is a wireless ac ccess technolo ogy. It will be the success sor of 3G. Cu urrently we are a undergoin ng a transition n between 2G G and 3G which w is also o known as 2.5G. 2 4G m mobile commu unications will w have tran nsmission ra ates up to 20 0 Mbps higher than of 3G G. When It is still to es stimate as to how many number n of peo ople have m moved on from m 2G to 3G , te echnology has s come up w the latest of its type namely with n 4G.A successor of f 2G and 3G, 4G promises s a download ding speed of f 100Mbps. Then with the case o of Fourth G Generation tha at is 4G in addition a to th hat of the se ervices of 3G G some additional features s such as M Multi-Media N Newspapers, also to wa atch T.V pr rograms with the clarity as s to that of an n ordinary T.V. In additio on, we can send s Data mu uch faster th han that of the previous generations. 2 provides WAP and al lso access Currently 2.5G to o the internet from a mobi ile phone, but t the data ra ate is a big res sistance to the e development t of better fe eatures. We will w definitely see s very high data rates in n 4G phones. 802.15, commonly c k known as Bluetooth is ve ery popular th hese days. Cur rrently the co onnectivity be etween wired and wireless devices is bi it painful as th he vendors are e reluctant in providing a bridge betwee en both the te echnologies. B But I think n 4G we wou uld definitely y see a chang ge in this in at ttitude as it wi ill be very eas sy to transfer huge files or r other data fr rom a PC to wireless w devic ces. Email m messages, co ontacts, rem mainders, etc e will sy ynchronize in no time and thus t giving mo ore power to o the users. It is easy to t say, based d on the de eveloping tren nds of mobile communica ation, that 4G G will have broader b bandw width, higher data rate,

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smoother r and quicker r handoff, wid der mobile are ea, more var rious service, lower l cost, etc c. in nterfaces, incl lude e.g. vis sion, hearing g, speech, to ouch sense, ha ands and finge ers, body, etc. Terminal Diversity an nd Adaptabil lity: The te erminals exter rnal diversitie es are the diffe erences of te erminals in bot th static and mobile m attribu utes. Static at ttributes inclu ude e.g. funct tionality, wei ight, size, ba attery life, hu uman interfac ce, antenna, processing p ca apability, sec curity, style, and cost. . Mobile at ttributes incl lude dynamic attributes of both te emporal and sp patial features s. Network Diversity D an nd Adaptabil lity: The ex xternal diversity of networ rks is obvious s. Internet is assorted by nature, n while wireless w netw works keep he same prope erty. For insta ance air inter rfaces can th in ntegrate all kinds k of sta andards and work on di ifferent freque encies. Moreo over, multiple operators de eploy networ rks with mu ultiple stand dards and pr rotocols. The internal diver rsity of networ rks means th hat one netw work can int terconnect with w other di ifferent netwo orks and tran nsfer various kinds of lo oads, e.g. cellu ular systems with w various co overage.

FIGURE E IX: 4G FRAM MEWORK NETWORK[3] N ] User Div versity: The ex xternal divers sity of users, i.e. i people in n different situ uations, includes e.g. cultu ure, education nal backgrou und, econom mic capabili ity, physical property, pe ersonal prefer rence, etc. The T diversity of us sers, i.e. peopl le with differe ent internal d

3. C Comparison n Between 1G, 2G, 3G AND 4G G

Here Table I. summarises H s th he comparison n between 1G G, 2G, 3G and d 4G.

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TABLE I I: COMPARISON OF 1G, 2G, 3G AND D 4G[3]

Conclu usion
The last few years hav ve witnessed the phenomen nal growth of wireless generations. There is ev ver increasin ng demands of f the cellular networks whi ich motivated d the research hers and indus strialists to com me up wit th fourth generation (4G) mob bile communi ication and further more m with 5G 5 technolog gy.. As the t history y of mob bile communi ications show ws, many attem mpts have be een made to reduce a nu umber of Tec chnologies to o a lobal standard d. The first generation g (1G) single gl has fulfil lled the basic c mobile voic ce using anal log technique es, while the second gene eration (2G) has h introduce ed capacity and coverage e using digi ital technique es. This is followed by the third generati ion (3G), wh hich has quest t for data at higher h speeds to open the e gates for truly mob bile broadban nd experienc ce, which will be further realized by the t fourth generation (4G G). 4G will provide betterages and vi ideo-links. The T than-TV quality ima communi ications mode el has new dev veloped ersions of HT TML, Java, GIF, G HTTP, and a many ve more. New stan m ndards will ne eed to be deve eloped for us se in 4G. 5G technology has chan nged the mea ans to use ce ell phones wit thin very high bandwidth. User U never ex xperienced ever e before such a hig gh value te echnology. No owadays mob bile users ha ave much aw wareness of the t cell phone e (mobile) technology. Th he 5G techno ologies includ de all type of advanced fe eatures whic ch makes 5G 5 technology most po owerful and in huge dem mand in near future.5G A Although updat ted standards that define ca apabilities be eyond those defined d in the e current 4G standards ar re under consi ideration, those new capab bilities are still being grou uped under the e current 4G standards. s N mobile ge New enerations are typically assi igned new frequency band ds and wider spectral band dwidth per frequency chan nnel (1G up to o 30 kHz, 2G up to 200 kH Hz, 3G up to 5 MHz, and 4G 4 up to 40 MHz), M but

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the main issue that there is little room for new frequency bands or larger channel bandwidths. Department of Informatics Engineering of the University of Coimbra, Portugal 2004. [6] Kamarularifin Abd Jalil, Mohd Hanafi Abd. Latif, Mohamad Noorman Masrek, Looking Into The 4G Features, MASAUM Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Vol.1, No. 2 September 2009. [7] Amit Kumar, Dr. Yunfei Liu ,Dr. Jyotsna Sengupta, Divya, Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks 1G to 4G, International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology, IJECT Vol. 1, Issue 1, Dece- mber 2010. [8] Mobile Technology: Evolution from 1G to 4G, Electronics for You, June 2003. [9] Third Generation (3G) Wireless White Paper, Trillium Digital Systems, Inc. March 2000. [10] Nabeel ur Rehman, Asad Asif,Junaid Iqbal, 3G Mobile Communication Networks,in Explore Summer 2006.

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