SocialMediaandits effectsonyouth

DanielJ.FlanneryPhD
Dr.SemiJ.andRuthBegunProfessor Director,BegunCenterforViolencePreventionResearch& Education MandelSchoolofAppliedSocialSciences CaseWesternReserveUniversity

TypesofSocialMediautilizedbyyouth
Computers Texting Facebook Youtube Smartphoneswithapps ipads Television l ii Movies Videogames Tweeting MySpace Pinterest

MobileMediaUsagebyUSTeensAge1317

Use/ConsumptionofSocialMedia 93%ofteensareactiveusersoftheinternet (6070%daily) 75%ofteensownacellphone Teensaverageover3000textspermonth (100/d ) (100/day) Textmessaginghasincreasedmost dramatically,alongwithmediamultitasking

Source:www.frankwbaker.com/mediause.htm

Source:KaiserGenerationM2Kids/YouthMediaSurvey (January2010)

WhatTeensdoOnline
ThepercentageofU.S.Internetusers,ages1217,whodothe followingonline:
89%sendorreademail 84% %gotowebsites b about b movies,TVshows, h musicgroups,orsports 81%playonlinegames 76%goonlinetogetnewsorinformationaboutcurrentevents 75%sendorreceiveinstantmessages 57%goonlinetogetinformationaboutcollege 43%buyonlinemerchandise 22%lookforinformationaboutahealthtopicthatshardtotalkabout
Source:PewInternet&AmericanLifeProject(July2005)

TeenSocialNetworkingbythe Numbers b
51%ofteenschecktheirsitesmorethanonceaday. day 22%ofteenschecktheirsitemorethan10timesaday. 39%ofteenshavepostedsomethingtheylaterregretted regretted. 37%ofteenshaveusedsitestomakefunofotherstudents. 25%of ft teenshave h created t daprofile fil with ithafalse f l identity. id tit 24%ofteenshavehackedintosomeoneelsessocialnetworkingaccount. 13%ofteenshavepostednudeorseminudepicturesorvideosof themselvesorothers,online.
Source:CommonSenseMediasPollofSocialNetworking (August2009)

Exposuretosocialmedia
Immediacy Volume l Intensity

HIERARCHICAL REGRESSION ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR, GRADES 33-8

EXPLANATORY VARIABLE DEMOGRAPHICS PARENTAL MONITORING WATCHING VIOLENCE ON TV RECENT VIOLENCE EXPOSURE PAST VIOLENCE EXPOSURE MODEL 1 .1211 .175 175 .0542 .194 .019 .436 .242 .449 .013 MODEL 2 MODEL 3 MODEL 4 MODEL 5

1=ADJUSTED R2 2=INCREMENT IN R2

Doesmediamatter?
Moreimmediate, ,intenseandfrequent q

Directeffects Desensitization Meanworldsyndrome Violenceandaggressionareacceptable

Source:www.frankwbaker.com/mediause.htm

Impactofmediatypes
Inducedfearandphobias Mediamultitaskingaffectsattention Reality li vs.fantasy f Rolemodels Timeuse

Impactofhighexposureon b h behavior and dmental lhealth h lh

Middleschoolers usemoremediathanany otheragegroup(8hrs.,40minperday) Loweracademicachievement achievement,grades Lowerattachmenttoschool Shorterattentionspans Among gyouth y whoreport p internetharassment victimizationandunwantedsexualencounters (sexting), ( g),25%report p extremeupset p

Exposureandviolence
Visitinghateandsatanicsitesareassociated withsignificantlyelevatedoddsofviolent behaviorperpetration Exposuretomediaviolencedoesnotaffectall childreninthesameway
Gender Aggressive/CDyouthvs. vs non Physicalvs.socialaggression

Brainstudies
fMRIstudiesshowexposuretoTVviolenceactivates b i regions brain i that th tregulate l t emotion, ti arousal land d attention,andepisodicmemory Extensiveviewingmayleadtoalargenumberof aggressivescriptsstoredinlongtermmemorythatend upinfluencingbehavior Aggressivemediaviewing=bluntingofemotional responseandreducedattentionwithrepeatedviewing Amongaggressiveyouth, youth mediaviolenceexposuremay habituateamygdalaresponsestoviolentstimuli(lower emotionalimpact)

Isexposuretomediaviolenceapublic h l hproblem? health bl

Overall,studiesdonotprovideevidencethat mediaviolenceexposureleadstoaggressive behavior Averageeffectsizesarer=.08 Comparedtor r=.90forsmokingandlung cancer;geneticsandviolencer=.75;self controlandcriminalbehaviorr=.58;poverty andcrimer=.25;exposuretochildphysical childabuser=.25.

TypesofBullying
DirectBullying:(moretypicalofboys)
Openphysical attacksonvictim Verbal( (threats, ,emotionalharm) )

Indirect(Relational)Bullying:(moretypicalofgirls)
Socialisolation Peerrejection

Cyberbullying/electronicaggression
Socialnetworksites,facebook,twitter,email Blowdownpagesfakesitescreatedtospreadrumors

Howcommonisit?
Over30%ofmiddleandHSstudentsidentifyas victims i i orperpetrators(somestudiesupto50%) 1522%admitcyberbullying others About75%ofyouthrecentlywitnessedbullying Fromtoyouthadmitbullyingothers About1in3youthreporttheyhavebeena victimofbullying

Cyber y bullying y g
Mostrecentsurvey

16%ofstudentsreported p cyberbullying y y g 26%reportedschoolbullyingpast12mos Higherbygirls(18%)thanboys(12%) Nonheterosexualyouthmorelikelytoreport cyber(33%vs.14%)andschoolbullying(42%vs. 25%) Depressionandattemptedsuicide(15%)highest forvictimsofbothcyber y andschoolbullying y g
From:Schneideretal(2012).AmJofPublicHealth.MetroWest Adolescent y HealthSurvey

Cyberbullying
Likefacetofacebullying bullying,therearevictims, victims perpetratorsandbullyvictims Femalesmorelikelyboth:cyber bullyvictims Incidenceofcyberbullying increaseswithage ( face (vs. f toface f b bullying) ll i ) Riskbycomputertimeandsharing passwords

Electronicaggression
Anytypeofharassmentandbullyingthat occursthroughemail,achatroom,instant messaging,awebsite(includingblogs)ortext messaging Youthcanuseelectronicmediatoembarrass, harass,orthreatentheirpeers
9to35%ofyouthpeoplereportbeingvictimsof thistypeofviolence

Examplesofelectronicaggression
Disclosing gsomeoneelsesp personalinformationinap public area(e.g.website)inordertocauseembarrassment Postingrumorsorliesaboutsomeoneinapublicarea(e.g. di discussion i board) b d) Distributingembarrassingpicturesofsomeonebyposting theminap publicareaorsending gthemviaemail Assuminganotherpersonselectronicidentitytopostorsend messagesaboutotherswiththeintenttocauseharm Sendingmean,embarrassing,orthreateningtextmessages, instantmessages,oremails
Fromwww.cdc.gov

Electronicaggression
Mosty youthreport p littleornoinvolvementinelectronic aggression 9to35%ofyouthreporttheyhavebeenavictimofEA 4%admitbehavingaggressivelyelectronicallymonthlyor moreoftenoratleastonceinpast2months Mostcommon:Makingrudeornastycomments Rumorspreading Threatening goraggressive gg comments GirlsperpetrateEAmorethanboys 7to14%youthbothvictimsandperpetratorsofEA

EAisanonymous
EAallowsadolescentstohidetheiridentity 22%whoadmitEAperpetrationdonotknowthe identityoftheirvictim Whentheydoknowtheirvictim,abouthalfits anotherstudentfromschool Mostcommonlyvia:instantmessaging email textmessaging EAmorelikelyaseriesofincidentsifperpetratorand victimknoweachother
www.cdc.gov g

VictimsofEA
Morelikelythannonvictimstoreportusingalcoholandotherdrugs Receiveschoolsuspensionordetention Skipschool Experienceinpersonvictimization Morelikelytoreportsignificantdistressif:
1)harassmentwasdonebysomeonetheyknow, 2)ifrepeatedbythesameperson, 3)ifharasser18yearsorolder,and 4)iftheharasseraskedforapicture

Inextremes,depression,selfharmandsuicide
www.cdc.gov

WheredoesEAhappen? ThemajorityofEAisexperiencedand perpetratedawayfromschoolgrounds EAisnotjustanextensionofschoolyard bullying What Wh role l canorshould h ldschools h l play l i inthe h identification,preventionandinterventionfor EA?

Whatdowedoaboutit?
Computer Co pute monitoring o to gso software t a enot ots significant g ca t Knowtheinternetyourself Monitorchilduseandchecktheirsitesand phonesyourself Educatey youthaboutuseandvictimization Workdirectlywithschools;knowtheirpolicies aboutsocialmedia,EA,cyberbullying Utilizesocialmediaforpreventionand intervention(e.g.ICAC,facebook,textmessages)