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Atomic Theory
Atoms are building blocks of elements Atoms in each unique element are the same.
(Ex: Every oxygen element has the same # of protons)
electrons
protons
nucleus
neutrons
10-8 cm
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Periodic Squares
The periodic square for an element can tell you lots of information about that atom. Atomic number = # of protons Atomic number = # of electrons
11 Na 22.99
That means in a neutral (uncharged) atom the # of protons and electrons are always the SAME!!!!
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Na 22.99
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Atomic number
Mass Number
Number of Electrons
A balanced atom is neutral The net overall charge is zero Number of protons = Number of electrons Atomic number = Number of electrons
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Elements with similar properties are placed in the same group in the periodic table. The stair-step line separates the elements into metals and nonmetals.
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Element
Chlorine-35 Iron-56
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18 30
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F and Br Ru and Os
Magnesium-24
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Ca and Sr
Lead-208
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Sn and Ge
P and As 20
Nitrogen-14
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Mixtures
Combination of two or more pure substances. Substances are mixed together but have not reacted to form any new molecules. Example- Sugar (a compound) dissolves in water (a compound) to form a mixture. The molecules of sugar and water do not change chemically. They just become mixed together.
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Organic Compounds
Compounds that includes carbon along with other element(s) hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and or sulfur. Nucleic Acid (DNA), Carbohydrates, Proteins, & Starch.
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Properties of matter
Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance into a different substance.
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Chemical Properties
Characteristics of a substance that are observed when it reacts (changes) to produce one or more different substances. Example- Water can be changed into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas using an electric current. When water molecules change chemically into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, we say that a chemical change has occurred. Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas each have a different set of properties. Substances change into different substances through STAAR Need to Know chemical reactions.
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Chemical Reactions
Substances change into other substances in chemical reactions. The atoms in the original substance are rearranged. The bonds in the original substance may be broken and new bonds may be formed between different atoms. This produces one or more
The products of a chemical reaction always have difference chemical and physical properties than the original substance(s).
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a change in odor, a change in color, a solid precipitate is formed, a gas is formed, there is either absorption (Endothermic) or release (Exothermic) of heat
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Chemical Equations
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