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nx
e
p
(b
k
(n)) =
_
p
k
p
(p
k
p)(p 1)
k 1
p
k
1
_
x + O
_
x
1
2
+
_
,
where denotes any xed positive number.
Wang Xiaoying [3] studied the mean value properties of
nx
((n + 1)
m
n
m
)e
p
(n), and
proved the following conclusion:
Let p be a prime, m 1 be any integer, then for any real number x > 1, we have the
asymptotic formula
nx
((n + 1)
m
n
m
)e
p
(n) =
1
p 1
m
m + 1
x + O
_
x
1
1
m
_
.
Gao Nan [4] and [5] also studied the mean value properties of the sequences p
e
q
(n)
and
p
e
q
(b(n))
, got two interesting asymptotic formulas:
nx
p
e
q
(n)
=
_
_
_
q1
qp
x + O
_
x
1
2
+
_
, if q > p;
p1
p ln p
xlnx +
_
p1
p ln p
( 1) +
p+1
2p
_
x + O
_
x
1
2
+
_
, if q = p.
Vol. 3 An identity involving the function e
p
(n) 27
and
nx
p
e
q
(b(n))
=
q
2
+ p
2
q + p
q
2
+ q + 1
x + O
x
1
2
+
,
where is any xed positive number, is the Euler constant.
Lv Chuan [6] used elementary and analytic methods to study the asymptotic properties of
nx
e
p
(n)(n) and obtain an interesting asymptotic formula:
nx
e
p
(n)(n) =
3p
(p + 1)
2
x
2
+ O
x
3
2
+
.
Ren Ganglian [7] studied the properties of the sequence e
p
(n) and give some sharper
asymptotic formulas for the mean value
nx
e
k
p
(n).
Especially in [8], Xu Zhefeng studied the elementary properties of the primitive numbers
of power p, and got an useful result. That is, for any prime p and complex number s, we have
the identity:
n=1
1
S
s
p
(n)
=
(s)
p
s
1
.
In this paper, we shall use the elementary methods to study the relationship between the
Riemann zeta-function and an innite series involving e
p
(n), and obtain an interesting identity.
That is, we shall prove the following conclusion:
Theorem. For any prime p and complex number s with Re(s) > 1, we have the identity
n=1
e
p
(n)
n
s
=
n=1
1
S
s
p
(n)
=
(s)
p
s
1
,
where (s) is the Riemann zeta-function.
From this theorem, we can see that
n=1
e
p
(n)
n
s
and
n=1
1
S
s
p
(n)
denote the same Dirichlet
series. Of course, we can also obtain some relationship between
n=1
e
p
(n)
n
s
and
n=1
1
S
s
p
(n)
, that
is, we have the following conclusion:
Corollary. For any prime p, we have
e
p
(m) =
nN
S
P
(n)=m
1.
2. Proof of the theorem
In this section, we shall use elementary methods to complete the proof of the theorem.
28 Xiaowei Pan and Pei Zhang No. 3
Let m = e
p
(n), if p
m
|| n, then we can write n = p
m
n
1
, where (n
1
, p) = 1. Noting that,
e
p
(n) is the largest exponent of power p, so we have
n=1
e
p
(n)
n
s
=
m=1
n
1
=1
(n
1
,p)=1
m
(p
m
n
1
)
s
=
m=1
m
p
ms
n
1
=1
pn
1
1
n
s
1
=
m=1
m
p
ms
_
_
_
_
n
1
=1
1
n
s
1
n
1
=1
p|n
1
1
n
s
1
_
_
_
_
, (1)
let n
1
= pn
2
, then
m=1
m
p
ms
_
_
_
_
n
1
=1
1
n
s
1
n
1
=1
p|n
1
1
n
s
1
_
_
_
_
=
m=1
m
p
ms
_
(s)
n
2
=1
1
p
s
n
s
2
_
=
m=1
m
p
ms
_
(s) (s)
1
p
s
_
= (s)
_
1
1
p
s
_
m=1
m
p
ms
.
Since
m=1
m
p
ms
=
1
p
s
+
m=1
m + 1
p
(m+1)s
,
1
p
s
m=1
m
p
ms
=
m=1
m
p
(m+1)s
,
then
m=1
m
p
ms
1
p
s
m=1
m
p
ms
=
1
p
s
+
m=1
m + 1
p
(m+1)s
m=1
m
p
(m+1)s
=
1
p
s
+
m=1
1
p
(m+1)s
=
m=1
1
p
ms
.
That is,
_
1
1
p
s
_
m=1
m
p
ms
=
m=1
1
p
ms
=
1
p
s
1
1
1
p
s
,
so
m=1
m
p
ms
=
1
p
s
_
1
1
p
s
_
2
. (2)
Vol. 3 An identity involving the function e
p
(n) 29
Now, combining (1) and (2), we have the following identity
n=1
e
p
(n)
n
s
=
m=1
m
p
ms
n
1
=1
1
n
s
1
n
1
=1
p|n
1
1
n
s
1
= (s)
1
1
p
s
m=1
m
p
ms
= (s)
1
1
p
s
1
p
s
1
1
p
s
2
=
(s)
p
s
1
.
This completes the proof of Theorem.
Then, noting the denition and properties of S
p
(n), we have
n=1
1
S
s
p
(n)
=
m=1
1
(pm)
s
nN
S
P
(n)=mp
1, (3)
and we also have
n=1
e
p
(n)
n
s
=
m=1
e
p
(mp)
(mp)
s
,
therefore, from the denition of e
p
(n), we can easily get
m=1
e
p
(mp)
(mp)
s
=
m=1
1
(pm)
s
nN
S
P
(n)=mp
1. (4)
Combining (3) and (4), it is clear that
e
p
(m) =
nN
S
P
(n)=m
1.
This completes the proof of Corollary.
References
[1] F.Smarandache, Only Problems, not solutions, Chicago, Xiquan Publ. House, 1993.
[2] Liu Yanni and Gao Peng, Mean value of a new arithmetic function, Scientia Magna,
1(2005), No. 1, 187-189.
[3] Wang Xiaoying, On the mean value of an arithmetical function, Hexis, 2004, 77-79.
[4] Gao Nan, A number theoretic function and its mean value, Hexis, 2004, 49-52.
[5] Gao Nan, A Hybrid number theoretic function and its mean value, Hexis, 2004, 107-109.
[6] Lv Chuan, On the mean value of an arithmetical function, Hexis, 2004, 89-92.
[7] Ren Ganglian, A number theoretic function and its mean value, Scientia Magna,
1(2005), No. 1, 163-166.
[8] Tom M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, New York, Springer-Verlag,
1976.