Comprehensive BIOLOGYXII

Value Based Questions

CHAPTER 1
1. Amit and his friend Raju went for boating in a lake, where they saw floating aquatic plant water hyacinth in many parts of the lake. Amit wanted to take this plant and introduce it in the lake of his farmhouse. But, Raju advised him not to do so. (i) Why did Amit want to introduce this plant in the lake of his farmhouse? (ii) Mention any two reasons, why was Amit against Rajus idea? (i) What are the main causes of population growth rate in our country? (ii) Suggest at least 3 measures to overcome this problem. 5. Sahil participated in a group discussion in his school on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP), which was legalised by the Government of India in 1971, A number of speakers supported legalisation of MTPs, but Sahil was not convinced: (i) Give reasons, why was Sahil not convinced with legalisation of MTPs? (ii) Give any two reasons, why to some speakers supported legalisation of MTPs? (iii) During which stage of foetal development MTPs are considered safe?

CHAPTER 2
2. Presently, cutlivation of hybrid varieties of our food and vegetable crops has increased due to their higher productivity. Still, many of our farmers are not cultivating such varieties because of some problems. (i) Mention any two problems associated with sowing of the seeds of hybrid varieties of crops. (ii) How can such problems be overcomed?

CHAPTER 5
6. Some human disorders are inherited and have been prevailing in human society since long. Since the controlled crosses are not possible in case of human beings, the study of the family history provides an alternative about the inheritance of such disorders. (i) Name the analysis used to study the inheritance of such a disorder. (ii) Name any two human disorders which could be traced by this analysis. (iii) Explain the effects of any one of such disorder in the affected individual.

CHAPTER 3
3. A couple was unable to produce children. The womans mother in law often blame her for not bearing the child. The couple decided to visit the doctor to know the reason. Doctor diagnosed abnormality in the semen of her husband. (i) What could be the abnormality in the semen? (ii) Mention the features of the sperms of the human male ejaculate essential for normal fertilization.

CHAPTER 6
7. Vibhav and Vani are siblings and resemble with one another in a number of phenotypic features. Still, they are not the carbon copy of one another. They have a number of dissimilar features. (i) Explain, what characteristics of their DNA, are responsible for similarities in the siblings? (ii) Why do the siblings have dissimilarities? Explain, the characteristics of DNA responsible for such dissimilarities.

CHAPTER 4
4. According to the 2001 census report, Indias population growth was around 1.7 percent. Such an alarming growth rate could lead to an absolute scarcity of basic requirements like food, shelter and clothing, inspite of significant progress made in these areas.

2 (iii) Explain, how does DNA make every individual unique in their phenotypic appearance?

Comprehensive

BIOLOGYXII

CHAPTER 7
8. The early Greek philosophers were of the opinion that living beings are formed spontaneously from lifeless matters such as rain, mud, air, rug, etc. In ancient Egypt it was believed that the mud of the river Nile could give rise to frogs, toads, snakes, mice and even crocodiles when warmed by sun. However this theory was disapproved, as it had no scientific basis. Still some people believe in such concept. (i) Who disapproved spontaneous generation theory of origin of life? (ii) Explain, how was it disapproved? 9. Priya, argued with her classmates that the use of antibiotics or drugs to kill the microbes/ pathogens results in the development of resistant populations of microbes/pathogens in short time? But her friend Ravi was not convinced with her. (i) In this situation to whom will support ? Justify your view giving reasons. (ii) How can the development of resistant populations of microbes/pathogens be minimised? 12.

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CHAPTER 8
10. Health is the basic to life, and is essential for the good results in any sphere of life. A factory owner cannot expect the optimum output, if he does not employ healthy workers. A farmer cannot get optimum yield in his fields, if he is not healthy. (i) What does health actually mean? How is it related to our personal life and professional efficiency? (ii) Mention any four things necessary for achieving good health. 11. The world disease literally means disturbed ease or being uncomfortable. Disease is a departure from the state of health or disease is a condition of the body or a part of it in which functions are disturbed or deranged. (i) According to WHO, some people may be in poor health without actually suffering from a particular disease. Explain, such a condition of an individual. 14.

15.

(ii) Mention the personal and community issues necessary for good health. (iii) Suggest any three propaganda measures to develop a healthy society. Aditya participated in a group discussion in his school on The ill effects of Tobacco on Human Health. In the evening he goes with his family for dinner and insists on sitting in the NonSmoking Area to which his father (who is a heavy smoker) objects. (i) In this situation, who wins your supportAdityas concern for health and environment or fathers objection? Justify giving two reasons. (ii) Suggest any three effective propaganda compaigns for anti-tobacco awareness. Some human diseases are transmitted only when the blood of a patient comes in contact with the blood of a healthy person. In one of such disease, there is a progressive decrease in the number of lymphocytes of the patient. (i) Name the disease and its causative agent. (ii) Name the type of lymphocytes affected due to this infection. (iii) Mention the ways by which the blood of a patient may come in contact with the blood of a healthy person. (iv) Suggest any four measures that help in preventing such infections. Adolescence is a stage linking childhood and adulthood. It is accompanied by several biological and behavioural changes. Adolescence is, thus, a very vulnerable phase of mental and psychological development of an individual. Of late drug and alcohol abuse is becoming a common concern among youth and adolescents. (i) Mention the causes that motivate youngsters towards drugs and alcohol use. (ii) What are the immediate adverse effects of drug and alcohol abuse manifested by a person at home? (iii) Suggest any four measures that could be useful for prevention and control of drug and alcohol abuse among adolescents. Some international sports persons failed in dope test. They were not allowed to participate in common wealth games and olympics as they were drug abusers.

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS

3 19. Nitin and his friend Sumit visited a village, where they show some farmers spraying insecticides and pesticides on their crops. (i) They argued with the farmers that spraying of such chemicals is harmful. Why did they say so? Give atleast two reasons. (ii) Suggest an alternative method of controlling the pest and explain, how is this method better than the chemical method of pest control. (iii) Give any one example, where the alternative method had been used to get rid of a pest.

(i) Name the drugs that would have been abused by them. (ii) Why did they use such drugs? (iii) What could be the side effects of such drugs in male and female sport persons?

CHAPTER 9
16. Inspite of great increase in food production in the world, a large section of human population is not getting enough food. A far greater number is not getting quality food. They suffer from hidden hunger. (i) What does hidden hunger mean? (ii) Name the crop breeding programme undertaken with the objective of eliminating the hidden hunger. (iii) Mention any three varieties of crops and their specific features that had been developed to achieve the above objective. 17. We have a very high percentage of livestock population in the world, but our contribution to worlds farm produce is only marginal. Therefore, in addition to conventional practices of animal breeding, we have to apply new techniques to improve both quantity and quality of animal food. (i) Mention the professional approaches of farm management need to boost animal food production. (ii) Name the two types of breeding programmes practised in animal breeding. (iii) Mention, the advantages and disadvantages of the two types of breeding programmes.

CHAPTER 11
20. Biotechnology has emerged as an offshoot of modern biology in the twentieth century. It is the science that deals with the techniques of using live organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products and processes useful to humans. (i) Name the group of enzymes used as key tool in biotechnology. (ii) Why are these enzymes considered key tools in biotechnology? (iii) Explain with an example, the convension of naming these enzymes.

CHAPTER 12
21. Although green revolution has almost trippled the food grain production, yet it is not enough to feed the growing human population. This problem can be overcomed by the use of Genetically Modified (GM) crops. (i) What are GM crops? (ii) Mention any six ways in which GM crops have been useful. 22. One of the application of biotechnology is gene therapy to treat a person born with a hereditary disease. (i) What does gene therapy mean? (ii) Name the hereditary disease for which the first clinical gene therapy was used. (iii) Mention the steps of gene therapy used to treat this disease. 23. The manipulation of living organisms by humans cannot go to an unlimited level. Some ethical standards are required to evaluate the morality of all human activities that might help or harm living organisms.

CHAPTER 10
18. Ishita argued with her sister Nishita that microbes are our foes, because they cause a number of diseases and spoil our food items and domestic things. But Nishita was against her view. She told her sister Ishita that microbes are more useful than their harms. (i) Support Ishitas view by describing uses of microbes in the preparation of atleast three household products. (ii) Name the microbes which help in production of biogas from cattle dung. (iii) Why are these microbes useful in production of biogas?

4 (i) Name the organisation set up by the Indian Government to monitor GM research. (ii) What are objectives of this organisation? (iii) What problems regarding the patent granting has created with the usage of GM organisms for public services?

Comprehensive

BIOLOGYXII

CHAPTER 13
24. Human beings are able to maintain a constant internal environment by physiological means. It ensures a constant body temperature at 37C. (i) How does our body able to maintain a constant temperature, during summer, when outside temperature is more than our body temperature? (ii) How does our body maintain constant temperature during winter, when the outside temperature is much lower than our bodys temperature? (iii) What is the evolutionary significance of this feature to the mammals? 25. Rohit and his friend Mohit visited Rohtang Pass near Manali. There, they felt nausea, fatigue and heart palpitation. Gradually, these symptoms disappeared with time. (i) Why did they felt such symptoms? (ii) What is this condition called? (iii) How did these symptoms disappeared?

biological communities with more species, generally tend to be more stable than those with less species. (i) What does stability mean for a biological community? (ii) Explain, how did David Tilmans experiments using outdoor plots supported teachers view? 28. The overexploitation of natural resources by humans in the name development, resulting loss of biodiversity at all the levels of biological organisation. (i) Will it be realistic and economically feasible to conserve all biological wealth? Justify your view. (ii) Ecologists identified certain biodiversity hot spot regions. What are these regions? (iii) How many such regions are there in the world? Give the names of biodiversity hotspot regions of India. (iv) How does protection of such regions reduce the ongoing loss of biodiversity?

CHAPTER 16
29. A ornithologist went on to a river side for certain studies on birds. He noticed there, the populations of many birds have been declined drastically during the last few decades. He discovered that the use of a particular agrochemical was responsible for the decline of birds population. (i) Name the agrochemical that had resulted decline in populations of birds. (ii) How did this agrochemical declined the populations? (iii) What other harms this chemical could have caused to the farmers? 30. Jatin and his classmates went on an educational tour to North-East states of India. Where they found that some farmers clearing the forest and burning the plant remains. (i) Why were they doing so? What is this practice called? (ii) Why did this practice not caused much harm to the forests in earlier days? (iii) What will be the consequences of the farmers act? (iv) Suggest a measure of restoration of forested area.

CHAPTER 14
26. Ecosystem is a dynamic entity in which two processes i.e., energy flow and nutrient cycling/ biogeochemical cycles proceed side by side. (i) Why is the energy movement called flow of energy, while the nutrient movement called biogeochemical cycles? (ii) Mention the two types of biogeochemical cycles. (iii) To which type of cycle, does the carbon cycle belong and why? (iv) Mention the human activities that have influenced the carbon cycles.

CHAPTER 15
27. Saurabh is studying in XIIth standard in a school. One day his biology teacher taught about the importance of biodiversity. He told that