Asif uz zaman

(Lecturer)
Civil Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Rabigh
King Abulaziz !niversity
Key words
"aturation#_---'
$athogens# -` '----
Raioactive # --'
bioegraable # '=-'' '-' bioegraable # '=-'' '-'
Degraation# -- ,--
ecomposition# --
epletes# ----
CLASSIFICATION OF WATER
POLLUTANTS
%he various types of &ater pollutants can be classifie into follo&ing
ma'or categories(
)) *rganic pollutants
a) Oxygen Demanding wastes
b) Synthetic Organic Compounds
c) Oil c) Oil
+) $athogens,
-) .utrients an agriculture runoff,
/) "uspene solis an seiments,
0) 1norganic pollutants (salts an metals),
2) %hermal $ollution
3) Raioactive pollutants4
.ote( *5ygen emaning &astes an nutrients are among the common
pollutant having profoun impact on almost all types of rivers,
Pollutants of profound concern
"ome pollutants, particularly o5ygen emaning
&astes an nutrients, are so common an have such a
profoun effect on almost all types of rivers that they
eserve special emphasis4 eserve special emphasis4
%his is not to say that they are al&ays the most
significant pollutants in any one river, but rather that
no other pollutant category has as much overall effect
on our nation6s rivers4
Oy!en de"and#n! "ater#al
Anything that can be o5iize in the receiving &ater
resulting in the consumption of issolve molecular
o5ygen is terme *5ygen 7emaning material4
%his material is usually bioegraable organic matter but
also inclues certain inorganic compouns4 also inclues certain inorganic compouns4
%he consumption of issolve o5ygen, D*, poses a threat
to fish an other higher forms of a8uatic life that must have
o5ygen to live4
%he critical level of D* varies greatly among species4
*5ygen emaning materials in omestic se&age come
primarily from human &aste an foo resiue4
Oy!en de"and#n! wastes
One of the most important measures of the quality of a water is the
amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) present.
Oxygen-demanding wastes: are substances that oxidize in the receiving
water body with the consumption of DO.
he waste material is normally biodegradable organic matter (e.g.
municipal wastewater) !certain inorganic compounds! and naturally
occurring organic matter(e.g. leaves! animal droppings).
"acteria # waste # DO yields
$ewbacteria # oxidized waste # drop in DO.
%mportance of DO: &igher forms of aquatic life must have DO to live.
he critical level of DOvaries with species.
rout and salmon: ' mg()
"luegill and bass: * mg()
Oxygen Demanding wastes
%he &aste&aters such as, omestic an municipal se&age,
&aste&ater from foo processing inustries, canning
inustries, slaughter houses, paper an pulp mills,
tanneries, bre&eries, istilleries, etc4 have consierable tanneries, bre&eries, istilleries, etc4 have consierable
concentration of bioegraable organic compouns either
in suspene, colloial or issolve form4
%hese &astes unergo egraation an ecomposition by
bacterial activity4
%he issolve o5ygen available in the &ater boy &ill be
consume for aerobic o5iation of organic matter present
in the &aste&ater4
Effect of oy!en de"and#n! wastes
on r#$ers
%he introuction of o5ygen emaning material,
either organic or inorganic, into a river epletes the
issolve o5ygen in the &ater4
%his poses a threat to fish an other higher forms of
a8uatic life if the concentration of o5ygen falls belo& a
critical point4
%#ssol$ed oy!en Sa! cur$e
Effect of Oy!en %e"and#n!
Wastes on R#$ers
Depletion of issolve o5ygen is a ma'or problem ue
to the ischarge of o5ygen emaning organic or
inorganic pollutant in the surface &ater4
%his poses threat to higher forms of a8uatic life, if the %his poses threat to higher forms of a8uatic life, if the
concentration of o5ygen falls belo&a critical point4
%o 8uantify ho& much o5ygen &ill be eplete, it is
necessary to 9no& the 8uantity of o5ygen emaning
&aste an ho& much o5ygen &ill be re8uire to
egrae the &aste4