Unit 1- Stress and Strain

Topics Covered
!! Lecture -1 - Introduction, state of plane stress !! Lecture -2 - Principle Stresses and Strains !! Lecture -3 - Mohr's Stress Circle and Theory of

Failure
!! Lecture -4- 3-D stress and strain, Equilibrium

equations and impact loading

!! Lecture -5 - Generalized Hook's law and Castigliono's

Stresses and strains

!! In last lecture we looked at stresses were acting in a

plane that was at right angles/parallel to the action of force. Tensile Stress Shear Stress

Stresses and strains

Compressive load Failure in shear

Stresses are acting normal to the surface yet the material failed in a different plane

!! What are principal stresses.

Principal stresses and strains

planes.

!! Planes that have no shear stress are called as principal !! Principal planes carry only normal stresses

Stresses in oblique plane

!! In real life stresses does not act in normal direction but

rather in inclined planes. Normal Plane Oblique Plane

Stresses in oblique plane

"

P "= A
P =Axial Force A=Cross-sectional area perpendicular to force

"n

Unit depth

"n = " cos # " "t = sin2# 2

"t

! !

Stresses in oblique plane

!!

Member subjected to direct stress in one plane

"1

"1

!
!!

Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually perpendicular plane

"1
!

"2 !

"1

!
!!

" "
!
!

"2 !

Member subjected to simple shear stress.

" " " "1

"
"2 !

!
!!

Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually perpendicular directions + simple shear stress

"1

" !

! !

! !

"

"2 ! !

Stresses in oblique plane

!! Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually

perpendicular directions + simple shear stress

"1 + "2 "1 # "2 "n = + cos2$ + % sin2$ 2 2 "1 # "2 "t = sin2$ # % cos2$ 2
! !

Stresses in oblique plane

!! Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually

perpendicular directions + simple shear stress

!! POSITION OF PRINCIPAL PLANES
!! Shear stress should be zero

"1 # "2 "t = sin2$ # % cos2$ = 0 2 2# tan2" = $1 % $2

!

Stresses in oblique plane

!! Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually

perpendicular directions + simple shear stress

!! POSITION OF PRINCIPAL PLANES

2# tan2" = $1 % $ 2
sin2" = 2#

2"
2

cos2" =

($1 % $ 2 ) + 4# 2 (#1 $ # 2 ) 2 (#1 $ # 2 ) + 4% 2

!

"

"1 # " 2 !
!

Stresses in oblique plane

!! Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually

perpendicular directions + simple shear stress Major principal Stress

$ "1 # "2 ' "1 + "2 2 = + & + * ) % 2 ( 2

Minor principal Stress

$ "1 # "2 ' "1 + "2 2 = # & ) +* % 2 ( 2

Stresses in oblique plane

!! Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually

perpendicular directions + simple shear stress

!! MAX SHEAR STRESS

d #t ) = 0 ( d"
d d" & #1 $ # 2 ) sin2" $ % cos2" + = 0 ( ' 2 *

#1 $ # 2 tan2" = 2%

!
!

Stresses in oblique plane

!! Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually

perpendicular directions + simple shear stress

!! MAX SHEAR STRESS
Evaluate the following equation at

"1 # "2 "t = sin2$ # % cos2$ 2

#1 $ # 2 tan2" = 2%

!
!

("t )max

1 = 2

2 " # " + 4 $ ( 1 2)

Stresses in oblique plane

!! Member subjected to direct stress in one plane !! Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually

perpendicular plane
!! Member subjected to simple shear stress. !! Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually

perpendicular directions + simple shear stress

Stresses in oblique plane

!! Member subjected to direct stress in one plane

"1 + "2 "1 # "2 "n = + cos2$ + % sin2$ 2 2 "1 # "2 "t = sin2$ # % cos2$ 2
! !
Stress in one direction and no shear stress

"2 = 0 " = 0

"1 "1 "n = + cos2# = "1 cos2 # 2 2 ! " ! 1 "t = sin2# 2

Stresses in oblique plane

!! Member subjected to direct stress in two mutually

perpendicular plane

"1 + "2 "1 # "2 "n = + cos2$ + % sin2$ 2 2 "1 # "2 "t = sin2$ # % cos2$ 2
! !
Stress in two direction and no shear stress

" =0

"1 + "2 "1 # "2 "n = + cos2$ 2 2 !" # " 2 "t = 1 sin2$ 2
!

Stresses in oblique plane

!! Member subjected to simple shear stress.

"1 + "2 "1 # "2 "n = + cos2$ + % sin2$ 2 2 "1 # "2 "t = sin2$ # % cos2$ 2
! !
! !
No stress in axial direction but only shear stress

"1 = " 2 = 0

"n = # sin2$ "t = ! #$ cos2%

!! PROBLEM- The tensile stresses at a point across

Principal stresses and strains

two mutually perpendicular planes are 120N/mm2 and 60 N/mm2. Determine the normal, tangential and resultant stresses on a plane inclined at 30deg to the minor stress.

!! PROBLEM- A rectangular block of material is

Principal stresses and strains

subjected to a tensile stress of 110 N/mm2 on one plane and a tensile stress of 47 N/mm2 on the plane at right angles to the former. Each of the above stresses is accompanied by a shear stress of 63 N/ mm2 and that associated with the former tensile stress tends to rotate the block anticlockwise. Find 1)The direction and magnitude of each of the principal stress. 2) Magnitude of the greatest shear stress.