Hernandez Salomon 1 Victor Hernandez Salomon Professor Wolcott ENC 1102 23 April 2014 Portable Biomedical Applications of Digital

Signal Processors Currently digital signal processor are being used for a variety of medical applications, and because of the advances now this applications are being develop to be portable which is crucial in cases when monitoring certain biological signals constantly could same the patients life. For portability, it is critical to have low power consumption (Buxi et al, 2012; Chen et al, 2013; Fuller et al, 2014; Galan et al, 2014; Kim et al, 2014, Lin et al 2014), because the lower the power consumption achieved the longer that battery life will be. The processing power also takes great importance in the devices that use digital signal processors (Chen et al, 2013; Fuller et al, 2014; Kim et al, 2014; Peng et al, 2014; Tsai et al, 2009; Zeljkovic et al, 2014), because depending in the processing power of the said digital signal processor, the reading and processing of the biological signals will be more accurate and thus being able to identify potential medical issues in a timely manner. Both of the aforementioned qualities are possible in many cases because of what is called System on Chip (Buxi et al, 2012; Chen et al, 2013; Fuller et al, 2014; Galan et al, 2008, Kim et al, 2014.), often abbreviated SoC, which is a system that is made in on a microchip, which allows small size which helps facilitating the portability, but it also provides low power consumption and high processing power. This literature review will provide you with information that will open your way into the conversation that is taking place in the area of portable medical applications that use digital signal processors.

Hernandez Salomon 2 Low Power Consumption Low power consumption is critical for portable applications, the least power is required to have the application function the long that this would last, this is important for portable medical devices like the ones we may find in an ambulance, where the low power consumption of the on board processors is critical (Buxi et al, 2012). This devices that are low powered, in despise of being so can be used for applications such as electroencephalogram data acquisition (Chen et al, 2013), without compromising the quality of the signal processing. Thanks to this we can achieve real-time processing of and analysis of signals (Lin et al, 2014), which can help identify any potential medical issues in real time. One of the way to achieve low power consumptions if the use of SoC which can lead to an increased time of the battery life (Galan et al, 2008) making it possible for pocket size devices such as ultrasound devices to be a possibility (Fuller et al, 2009). High Digital Processing Power The processing power also takes great importance in the devices that use digital signal processors because high processing power will result in a reading and processing of the biological signals that will be more accurate and thus being able to identify potential medical issues in a timely manner. (Galan et al, 2008). The processing power also makes possible real time processing signals which can have important medical applications a in the case of the Real Time Drowsiness Detection (Tsai et al, 2009), which requires promptly response to the drowsiness of drivers, and is possible thanks to the power of the digital signal processor.

Hernandez Salomon 3 This high processing power also allows the possibility of real time imaging such as CScan which is processed by the digital signal processor (Fuller et al, 2009) or also to obtain the imaging of an ultrasound that could additionally be a handheld application (Lee 2009), which provide the processing that is powerful enough to process color Doppler imaging. System on Chip A System on Chip or SoC, is an integrated circuit that integrates all the components of a system or computer into a single chip, in contrast with a microcontroller, for example, a SoC could be a system that may include an audio receiver and analog to digital converter, a microprocessor, memory and the input and output controls for an user, in the scope of this experiments a SoC is used to realize a digital signal processor system, so it will consist of different parts including analog to digital as well as digital to analog converters, and the purpose of having this on a single chip is that it saves energy, so it decreases the consume of power, allowing for portable medical applications as well as other portable applications to be possible. The singularity of SoCs is that while they allow or provide the low power consumption they also are really powerful, even being used for ECG-systems which require powerful digital signal processors to process data embedded to ECG signals (Hyejung et al, 2013), and this systems are so small that they could actually be implanted in the human body (Yan et al, 2014) Veterinary Medicine There is many uses of digital signal processors, in between the most important we have medical applications, many of the medical machines used nowadays are only possible

Hernandez Salomon 4 thanks to digital signal processors, with the advancement of these, the highly processing power and low power consumption that can be achieved in a variety of ways, in between them SoC. Now there is many questions, where is this technology going? What are other biological signals that could be measured and processes with these systems? Should these systems be limited to human beings? These systems could have applications in the veterinary medicine field, where the measurement of biological signals is so important since many times the patients are not able to describe their issues, this devices which would allow the measurement and processing of this biological signals could help diagnose issues such as cardiac issues, which are usually overlooked or not diagnosed in the veterinary field.

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Proposal: Portable ECG Measurement Device for Dogs. Portable applications of digital signal processors in the medical field have been around in the last decades for human beings, and have had quite an improvement in the last 5 years with the development and advancement of certain technologies. However this has not been the same for veterinary medicine where the use of digital signal processors for portable applications is not often hear, and even less in the medical field. An ECG measurement device will be adapted to be worn as collar and to measure ECG signals, the Beats per Minute as well as the significant Change of the Beats per Minute given an extraneous event. Many heart diseases affect primarily the larger breeds of dogs, those

Hernandez Salomon 6 breeds that on average weight at least 66 pounds will be the focus of this study. This study will take place on different breeds and by the end of the process we hope to answer the following questions: Can the ECG signals as well as the BPM be measured accurately at all times? Is there a relevant difference from breed to breed? Can these measurements help diagnose and treat certain heart diseases? Does the weigh make a notable impact in heart health?