DISCUSSION

Experiment 7 is entitled On-Off, P, PI, and PID Controller Simulations Using Simulink. Simulink application of t e !"#$"% is a tool for modelling, simulating and anal&'ing multidomain d&namic s&stems. Its primar& interface is a grap ical (lock diagramming tool and a customi'a(le set of (lock li(raries. In t is experiment, Simulink ser)es as an essential tool for simulating t e four (asic modes of control* t e on-off controller, proportional control, integral control and deri)ati)e control. In simulating t e on-off controller, t e s&stem +as monitored in t ree different points at t e output of t e step response, error point, and t e control output. # e s&stem uses t e sign (lock t at ser)e as t e input to t e gi)en transfer function toget er +it t e step response. # e step response of t e s&stem is a sinusoidal +a)e t at deca&s +it time until it settles at a constant )alue of ,. # e error of t e s&stem is a plot t at deca&s from a )alue of , and ripples until it settles at a constant )alue of 'ero. $astl&, t e control output is a s-uare +a)e, + ic represents t e on and off condition of t e s&stem, and its fre-uenc& increases as time as time approac es infinit&. In proportional control, t e sign (lock +as replaced (& a gain (lock. It +as still monitored in t ree different points* at t e step response, at t e error, and at t e control output. "s a result, t e control output is )er& similar to t e error, onl& t at t e amplitude of t e error is ig er and it settles at ../, + ile t e control settles (et+een ..,/ and ..,. # e step response of t e s&stem starts at 'ero and continuousl& increases until it reac es its stead& state at ../. In proportional 0 integral controller, t e controller +as a com(ination of a gain (lock and s transfer function e-ual to 1i2s. "s a result, t e integral of t e error and control output of t e s&stem are proportional. # e error starts at 'ero, a(ruptl& rises to one, and oscillates, and settles to 'ero. It is a sinusoid t at e)entuall& settles to , as time approac es infinit&. In Proportional 0 Integral 0 deri)ati)e controller t e controller +as a com(ination of proportional integral controller and deri)ati)e controller.

CONCLUSION

Simulink is a tool for modelling, simulating and anal&'ing multidomain d&namic s&stems. Its primar& interface is a grap ical (lock diagramming tool and a customi'a(le set of (lock li(raries. It offers tig t integration +it t e rest of t e !"#$"% en)ironment. 3eed(ack control s&stem as different four (asic modes of control* on-off control, proportional control, proportional plus integral control, and proportional plus integral plus deri)ati)e control. # e On 0 Off control is considered as t e simplest form of control (ecause of its t+o states. # e response of t e s&stem as a minimal oscillator& (e a)iour (ecause of t e minimal errors t at s&stem e-ui)alent action is at maximum. Proportional control feed t e error to t e transfer function of t e s&stem. %ecause of t is met od of direct feeding, it produces a control action proportional to t e error. # e control of a proportional controller is (ased on t e gain of t e transfer function. "s t e gain increases t e o)ers oot of t e step response increases + ile t e stead& state error deceases. Proportional plus integral control feed t e integral of error to t e transfer function of t e s&stem. Stead& state error can (e impro)ed (& placing an open-loop pole at t e origin, (ecause it increases t e s&stem t&pe (& one. Proportional plus integral plus deri)ati)e control is a controller t at consists of ideal deri)ati)e controller and a proportional plus integral controller. # is t&pe of controller impro)es t e s&stem (& putting t+o 'eros plus a pole at t e origin.

DISCUSSION

Experiment 4 is entitled 5$C 3ilters # roug

!"#$"% Demos. 5$C demo

contains t e anal&sis of analog filters using 5$C components. # e demo displa&s t e four (asic plots os a s&stem* (ode plot, pole 0 'ero map, step response, and 6&-uist diagram. Using 5$C demo, different filter topologies +ere studied. %& )ar&ing t e resistance, capacitance, and inductance of t e circuit, t e fre-uenc& response, step response, 6&-uist, and pole and 'ero position )aries, + ic gi)es (asis for t e sta(ilit& of t e s&stem. Parallel and series filters, lo+ pass, ig pass, (and pass, and (and stop filters +ere t e topologies studied for analog filters. "s a result, in parallel topolog& + en resistance and capacitance increases, and inductance decreases t e s&stem (ecomes less sta(le. In series topolog& t e results are opposite of t e parallel, + en resistance and capacitance increases, and inductance decreases t e s&stem (ecome more sta(le.

CONCLUSION
3ilters a)e t+o topologies and se)eral s&stems. # ese are series and parallel topolog&, and lo+-pass, ig -pass, (and pass, and (and stop s&stems. 7ig pass filter accepts signals of ig fre-uencies and re8ects t ose of lo+er fre-uencies. $o+ pass filter accepts signals of lo+ fre-uencies and re8ects t ose of ig er fre-uencies. %and pass filter accepts signals at a certain range of fre-uencies and re8ects t ose outside t e range. %and stop filter re8ects t e signals of a certain range of fre-uencies and accepts t ose outside of t e range. In parallel topolog& if resistance and capacitance increases, and inductance decreases t e s&stem (ecome less sta(le, if resistance and capacitance decreases, and inductance increases t e s&stem (ecome more sta(le. In series topolog& t e opposite of parallel topolog& appens. # e ad)antage of parallel topolog& o)er series topolog& is t at it as more sta(le s&stem + en t e roll-off rate decreases due to )ar&ing 5, $, and C. # e series topolog& sta&s near marginall& sta(le s&stem since its poles approac es t e imaginar& axis. # e ad)antage of series topolog& o)er parallel topolog& is it poles are near t e imaginar& axis. as more sta(le response gi)ing a small stead&-state error + ile t e parallel topolog& ex i(its oscillation + en t e