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The total marks for this part is 20. The total marks for the paper is 40. The marks for each question are shown in square brackets. Use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the qualityof will be assessed. on these questions.
You should take particular care with your spelling and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression, Answer the questions in the spaces provided. There may be more space than you need.
Answer ALL questions Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box~. If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box mark your new answer with a cross ~. Genetic disorders 1 The images show a normal red blood cell and a red blood cell from someone who has sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder caused by two recessive alleles.
S: and then
Red blood cell from someone who has sickle cell disease
(a) (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ([8]) in the box next to your answer. An individual with sickle cell disease is said to be
0 A
0
[J
B C 0
a carrier for sickle cell disease heterozygous homozygous dominant homozygous recessive
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(b) (i) A female with the genotype (Dd) and a male with the genotype (DD) for sickle cell disease are about to start a family. Complete the Punnett square to show the possible genotypes of their offspring for sickle cell disease.
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Female gametes
Male gametes
(ii) State the percentage chance that a child from these individuals will be
(2)
% " " %
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P 4 1 931 A 0 316
Turn over?
Q2.
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(a) (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( Bacteria are classified into the kingdom
[gI ) in the
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B C 0
cgJ )
(1)
E3 C3
EJ EJ
A B C 0
(b) Viruses are not classified into any kingdom. Describe what a virus does after it has entered its host. (2)
(c) All vertebrates have a backbone and are classified into groups. (i) Use words from the box to complete the sentences about one method of classification. (2)
chordates
VIViparous
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.
Once fertilisation has occurred some vertebrates lay eggs. Vertebrates that lay eggs are known as Vertebrates that give birth to live young are known as
Genetic inheritance ''3 The family pedigree shows the inheritance of sickle cell disease through three generations. first generation
o= e
U=
= affected
carrier female
D= 11= IJ =
(a) (i) Calculate the percentage of the offspring from the first generation who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease.
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......................................................................... % (ii) Explain why the offspring produced by the first generation parents are not the same as those predicted in a Punnett square.
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.
.
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P 4 1 9 5 5 A 0 1 820
(iii) Person Wand his partner have a third child. State the probability that this child will have sickle cell disease. Complete the Punnett square to show this.
1
{2}
I
I
I
I
I I!
probability (iv) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (181) in the box next to your answer. The genotype of person V is
CO
D
A
0 C 0
D carrier
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P 4 1 9 5 5 A 0 1 920
Turn over ~
Part A Q1 a)
i) ii)
b)
i)
ii) Q2 a) b) c) a)
Q3
1. 50 2. 0 i) D ii) C causes cell/nucleus to make copies of virus i) oviparous viviparous i) 75 ii) Punnett square gives only probability of each type of genotype. iii)
iv) Part B Q1 a) b) c)
50% A
d)
Q2
i) ii) iii)
i) B ii) chordata 1 unicellular 2 simple cell structure/no nucleus Any two from: variations within species hybrids many species do not reproduce sexually similar characteristics can be seen in different species same common name fish wet scales, gills, external fertilisation, oviparous, poikilothermic amphibians moist skin, adults have lungs but oxygen can also diffuse through skin, external fertilisation, oviparous, poikilothermic reptiles dry scaly skin, lungs, internal fertilisation, leathery-shelled eggs, poikilothermic mammals feathers, beak, lungs, internal fertilisation, oviparous, homeothermic birds hair, produce milk, lungs, internal fertilisation, viviparous, homeothermic nucleus A 1 difficult to breathe
Q3
a)
2 i)
ii) iii)
difficulty in digestion/weight loss Any two from: vertebrae beak heterotrophic skeleton/bones backbone B