Running head: MIDTERM ASSESSMENT

Midterm Assessment Jennifer Cobb Ivy Tech Community College

MIDTERM ASSESSMENT SUPPLIES: 50 ml beaker 100 ml beaker Effervescent tablets (Scored and broken into 9 halves/ tablet per trial) 3-12 balloons (5 circumference deflated measured 3 from opening) Measuring tape Water (22 ml per trial) Burner or hot plate Digital thermometer Timer Marker

QUESTION: How does the temperature of the water combined with effervescent tablets affect the size of the balloon? CLAIM: The balloon expands larger as the temperature of the water increases. PROCEDURE: 1. Fill the beaker to 22 ml with room temperature tap water. 2. Test the temperature of the water and enter the data into the table. 3. Mark the balloon on opposite arcs at circumference measurement of 3 from opening. 4. Place effervescent tablet in balloon and crush thoroughly. 5. Place balloon over beaker opening (stretching down beyond beaker opening) while pinching balloon to prevent leakage of contents. 6. Start timer as balloon is released and the crushed tablet is dispensed into the water. 7. Allow the balloon 30 seconds to inflate. 8. At the end of 30 seconds, pinch the balloon closed directly above the beaker opening in order to preserve the inflated size of the balloon. 9. Measure the circumference of the balloon at the prescribed marking. 10. Enter the data into the table. 11. Immediately after measuring, remove the balloon from the beaker and test the temperature. 12. Enter the data into the table.

MIDTERM ASSESSMENT 13. Empty and thoroughly rinse the beaker. 14. Repeat steps 1 and 2. 15. Repeat steps 4-13. 16. Repeat steps 1 and 2. 17. Repeat steps 4-13.

18. Fill the beaker to 22 ml with hot tap water (measure temperature of running water until it the temperature stabilizes.) 19. Repeat steps 2-13. 20. Repeat step 18. 21. Test the temperature of the water and enter the data into the table. 22. Repeat steps 4-13. 23. Repeat steps 18 and 21. 24. Repeat steps 4-13. 25. Heat 100 ml beaker of water on burner or hot plate to >150<160. 26. Fill the beaker to 22 ml with water from step 25. 27. Repeat steps 2-13. 28. Repeat step 26. 29. Repeat step 2. 30. Repeat steps 4-13. 31. Repeat step 28. 32. Repeat step 29. 33. Repeat steps 4-13.

MIDTERM ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE: DATA TABLE

TEST 1 TEST 2 77 5" 6 " 76.1 TEST 3 77.1 5" 7" 76

AVERAGE 77.2 5" 6.83" 75.97

First Trial Initial Temperature of Water (F) Initial Circumference of Balloon Inflated Circumference of Balloon Final Temperature of Water (F ) Second Trial Initial Temperature of Water (F) Initial Circumference of Balloon Inflated Circumference of Balloon Final Temperature of Water (F ) Third Trial Initial Temperature of Water (F) Initial Circumference of Balloon Inflated Circumference of Balloon Final Temperature of Water (F )

77.5 5" 7 " 76.8

103 5" 7" 96.6

109.7 5" 8" 102

113 5" 7" 105

108.57 5" 7.42" 101.2

150.4 5" 8 " 133

150.2 5" 7" 138

152 5" 7" 140.3

150.87 5" 7.92" 137.1

CONCLUSION: The trials reflected above substantiate the Claim that the balloon would indeed expand larger in size with the effervescent tablets placed in increasingly hotter water. RESEARCH: Effervescent tablets are a common over the counter medication. They most commonly used to treat indigestion, heart burn, esophageal irritation or stomach ulcers. These tablets increase the pH levels in the stomach. In turn, the stomach acids are reduced, which then reduces heart burn and irritation of the esophagus. The primary active ingredient in effervescent tablets is one of the following: sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or potassium carbonate. For each one of these ingredients, when mixed with liquids, carbon dioxide is released.

MIDTERM ASSESSMENT

The pre-cursor to effervescent tablets was a home remedy of baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, and vinegar. An elementary school science project often conducted by students is to place baking soda in vinegar and inflate a balloon. From this example, we have known since elementary school that the sodium bicarbonate does inflate the balloon. But in our project, we were interested in learning if the temperature of the water would increase the size of the inflated balloon. The carbon dioxide released is a gas. When released into the balloon, the gas molecules push on the sides of the balloon causing it to inflate. The warmer temperature of the water causes the carbon dioxide that is emitted to be warmer. Heat causes the molecules of the air to move faster and farther apart. The molecules bounce off the inside of the balloon harder and more often. The air pressure is increased and the balloon expands proportionately. The data table reflects evidence that when the temperature increased by approximately 30 degrees, the balloon circumference increased by approximately one-half inch. Another 40-50 degree increase in the temperature caused the balloon to inflate another one-half inch. This gave a total average of just over one inch increase from the first trial to the third trial.

MIDTERM ASSESSMENT References Can I inflate a balloon using vinegar and baking soda? Retrieved March 31, 2014 from http://www.ask.com/question/ Changes: inflating balloons and chemicals. Retrieved March 31, 2014 from http://www.ulster.ac.uk/scienceinsociety/images/changes.pdf Effervescent tablets key facts. Retrieved March 31, 2014 from
http://www.amerilabtech.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/01/EffervescentTabletsKeyFacts.pdf

Facilitator/educator guide: plop, plop, fizz fast: the effect of temperature on reaction time. Retrieved March 31, 2014 from http://www.sciencebuddies.org/ science-fair-projects/Classroom_Activity_Educator_Temperature_Reaction_Time.shtml Temperature changes everything. Retrieved March 31, 2014 from http://sciencenetlinks.com/lessons/temperature-changes-everything/