Portugal is a country heavily dependent on market uctuations most to energy sources for

electricity production. Obviously the inability of domestic production to satisfy energy

requirements has as a result an external dependence which costly for the countrys economy. A way
to minimize the country these dependencies, was to follow the path of renewable energy since it is
a country with climatic conditions favorable for the production of energy in these molds.
There are limitations to the production of electric energy through renewable energy sources, but not
technical limitations of ideology and fundamentally limitations imposed by large economic groups
that make the world of energy production its monopoly.
Rania Klapa - 15086
Bruno Fernandes - 6266
Joaquim Catarino - 6090
Instituto Politcnico de Viana do Castelo
Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gesto
Mestrado - Sistemas de Energia Renovveis
Poltica Energtica e Legislao
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Portugal is a country with good geographical position , good weather and a major importer of
energy sources for electricity production. These imports of energy sources make Portugal
dependent in terms of energy and consequently in terms of the great economic powers.
We are a country without energy sources like oil, coal and natural gas. The fact that Portugal
have both good geographic and climatic conditions and even technic capabilities, allow to be
great producers and limit these dependencies, using equipment for production of renewable
energy which also produce and with high quality, recognized abroad.
In other words , why continue with this dependence that limits us and becomes more
economically poor if we have all we need to afrm ourselfs as independent producers?
There are limitations from some areas, greater in terms of laws and economic interests that were
reduced with the charges created during the creation of the EU directive , which originated
PNAE / PNAC.
PNAEE/PNAC achieved in reducing the limitations and provoked a wave of widespread interest
by to take an important step towards the use and production of electricity .
However this set of rules and incentives propose that we must achieve about 25% of energy as
renewable, but the remaining 75% will continue to be necessarily oil, coal and natural gas?
There are technologies and forms of energy production that would allow us to be self-sufcient
in energy terms, however, these technologies are widely disputed by the population , who see
them as dangerous, including the production of electricity through nuclear power plants.
There are studies in different ways, which test the possibility of using other sources of energy,
such as hydrogen or through anti-matter. These possibilities, although interesting they have
limitations.
Essentially we are a country with conditions and technical capacity to carry out large-scale
deployment of renewable energy systems, but the possibility of being totally renewable is
difcult, perhaps impossible, invariably need other sources of energy, however, not necessarily
oil, coal and natural gas only.
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Portugal start slow the path to renewal energy, during the OPEP revolution on oil prices
and the Cold War.
In 1988, when Cold War ends, and the countries have the need to rebuilt them selfs, the
consumption of energy, grow exponentially. The main power source for that rebuilt of the world
was oil and in a short time the price was dicreased. Portugal and other countries, have increase
their needs for energy drastically, and use, mainly, oil energy source. The government decide that
we could go in a different way, and start to take some measures that allow and facilitate the
implementation of systems to produce renewal energies, even give some support to the citizens
produce this type of energies.
In the beginning of the 90s(1989 until 1991) the production of renewal energies take a
big growth, going from about 8% to 15% of total production of energy in Portugal. Was said, this
growth occurred because of the incentives that government give and the support, also, of the UE.
Originating some projects on the renewal energies that go from hidroeletrical power sources to
waste power sources.
Essentially, Portugals path to renewal was, until now, in 2 phases:
- Early regulatory and tariff support for renewables (1988-2001)
- Incentives to stimulate renewable electricity production (2001-2012)
After 2012 Portugal have an desinvestment in renewal energies, most of all because of
the economical crises, but still in a good direction to achieve the UE directives created and
accepted in Portugal as a state document named PNAE.
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non renewal energles
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lacLually, orLugal, Creece and Spaln have an huge energy dependency, essenually of coll and
oll, and because Lhey don'L have Lhe raw maLerlal Lo produce energy from LhaL, so Lhey have Lo
lmporL lL, whlch leeds Lo an economlcal dependency of Lhe prlce uLoauon of LhaL mauer. 1haL
dependency ls shown on graphlcal 1.
Craphlc 1- Comparauon beLween orLugal, Creece and Spaln wlLh Lhe world average of energy producuon uslng
oll, coll and naLural gas
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8enewal energles
- lacLs
As lL shows, Lhere are a huge exLernal dependency, LhaL we have Lo sLop, or aL leasL
mlnlmlze. lL's nearly lmposslble Lo sLop LhaL dependency buL we were able Lo mlnlmlze lL, as ls
shown ln lmage 1, by Laklng early Lhe necessary measures.
1- Comparauon beLween orLugal, Creece and Spaln wlLh Lhe world average of energy producuon uslng renewal
energles
lollowlng LhaL measures, orLugal was capable Lo decrease Lhe need for non renewal
energles, and ln LhaL way, Lo llmlL Lhe eecL of exLernal markeL prlce ucLuauons. Addluonal,
besldes Lhe energy produced, a blg lncrease ln number of [obs dlrecLed aecLed wlLh Lhe
renewal energles, belng now, abouL 30 000 [obs. ln an oLher way, was capable Lo reduce Lhe
cosLs of Lhe lmporLauon of Lhe energy sources ln abouL 721 mllllon euros. Also by uslng less
conLamlnanLs sources Lo produce Lhe requlred amounL of energy, we even have saved abouL
104 mllllon euros of Laxes for C02 emlsslons. And wlLh all LhaL, ln 2009 we were Lhe 4 counLry
closer Lo reach Lhe uL recommendauons for 2013-2020, gure 2.
llgure 2- uL dlrecuve for energy producuon as renewal, relauon beLween Lhe producuon ln 2009 and Lhe end goal
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Conslderlng all of LhaL, orLugal ls ln Lhe rlghL paLh Lo reach uL dlrecuves, and make
lLself less dependenL of exLernal markeLs wlll. lf orLugal, Lry Lo spend less money for lmporung
energy sources, wlll be capable Lo creaLe more places for work, ln renewal energles, deslgnlng,
developlng and lmplemenung soluuons LhaL generaLe lncomes for Lhe counLry lLself and allow
Lo develop a posslble exporLauon buslness.
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WlLh renewable energles Lhe besL achlevemenL LhaL we can reach ls abouL 20-23 of
Lhe energy requlremenL , Lhe oLher 73 would sull be oll, coal and naLural gas. We have Lo
Lhlnk of LhaL and Lry Lo decrease even more LhaL dependency. 1hls reducuon, have Lo come
from alLernauve power source, LhaL could pass from nuclear power sources, gure 3, as Spaln
dld, hydrogen as a power source or even anu mauer. lL ls known LhaL for Lhese sources need a
loL of sLudy Lo nd a way Lo Lurn Lhem explolLable for power source.
llgure 2- nuclear power planL, corLesy of hup://blog.panamposL.com
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1hls arucle sLudles Lhe energy slLuauon ln orLugal and more speclcally whlch energy
resources used over Lhe year for Lhe elecLrlclLy producuon of Lhe counLry. As lL shows, Lhe
energy resources were changed over Lhe years, sLarung wlLh almosL 100 of dependency of
non renewal energles, llke Cll, Coll or naLural Cas, reachlng abouL 16 of renewal energles.

1hls paLh, slow, ls brlnglng resulLs and maklng us ahead of mosL counLrles, leadlng noL
only as power producers buL also as experLs ln maklng equlpmenLs LhaL allow Lhe producuon of
clean energy. ln Lhls way we were capable o use de need of dolng as a benece Lo counLry's
economy, creaung noL only lnfrasLrucLures and capablllues ln Lhls emergenL area, buL also
creaung [obs and wealth.
AL Lhe end, Lhls change make orLugal ln Lhe paLh of energeuc auLo sumclency,
spendlng less money as consequence of less dependency, reduclng Lhe emlsslons os novlces
gas, maklng [obs and sLarung buslnesses, maklng brands lnLernauonally known as respecLed.
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3)4,)%5$678/
Articles
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/04/14/1858811/
is-70-renewable-power-possible-portugal-just-did-it-
for-3-months/
http://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/
Portugal-Generated-70-of-Energy-from-Renewable-
Sources-in-First-Quarter.html
http://www.a-nossa-energia.edp.pt/
mais_melhor_energia/
portugal_lideranca_renovaveis.php
http://www.energiasrenovaveis.com/
http://www.dn.pt/inicio/economia/interior.aspx?
content_id=2614086
Graphics
http://www.google.pt/publicdata
Images
http://www.wikienergia.pt/~edp/index.php?title=Portugal_
%C3%A9_o_quarto_pa%C3%ADs_mais_perto_de_alcan
%C3%A7ar_metas_de_renov%C3%A1veis_da_UE_para_2020
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