A

Absolute recovery, quantitative

dialysis, 12
Acetylcholine, LVFA, 46
Adrenal medulla, PNS tissues, 63
Aging, serotonin activity, 49,50
Alprazolam, 96,98, 105,107, 109,
116
Alzhermers disease (AD), 343,
345
neural transplantation, 56
neuropathology, 151
pharmacological models, 153
surgical models, 152,153
transgemc models, 153, 154
Amitriptyline, 109,117,119
Analog-to-digital converter
(ADC), 335
Analysis of variance (ANOVA),
14
Anesthesia, small animal sur-
gery, 363
Anhedonia, 118
Animal behavior, 327,328
classification, 328
Animal models,
AD, 151-154
anesthesia, 150
anxiety and depression, 89-
128
categories, 94,95
cerebrovascular disorders,
158-163
conditioned place-preference,
drug abuse, 229
correlation, 89,90
Index
demyelinatmg diseases, 167-
169
depression, 114-124,124-126
drug abuse, 229-245
ELA model, 229,230-234
epilepsy, 165-167
HD, 164,165
homologous, 90-92,149
intravenous (iv) drug self-
administration para-
digms, 229
isomorphic, 90-92,149
metabohc disorders, 169,170
neurologrcal disorders, 149-
170
ID, 154-158
pharmacological consider-
ations, 150, 151
pharmacological criteria, 90
physiological parameters, 150
predictive, 149
psychotherapeutic drugs, 89
reaction to nonpainful stres-
sors, 95-102
reaction to painful stressors,
102-110
schizophrenia, 196-198
selection criteria, 149, 150
surgical considerations, 150,
151
teratogenicity, 253-281
traditional learning para-
digms, 121-124
untrained stress reaction, 114-
121
Anodal surround blocking, 366,
372,373
383
Index
384
Antipsychotic drugs,
behavioral approaches to
rdentificatron & study of,
177-198
CLZ, 180,181
CPZ, 177
HAL, 180,181
Antisense
oligodeoxynucleotides
chronic mtranigral infusion,
314-318
chronic animal infusion
system, 316,317
guide cannula implanta-
tion, 315,316
materials, 315
continuous infusion, 305
intracerebral infusion, 305,
306
potency, 299
repeated injection, 305
specificity controls, toxicity,
309
Antrsense oligodeoxynucloeotide
knockdown technique, 295-
320
advantages, 318,319
antisense
oligodeoxynucleotlde
design, 298-302
chemical class choice, 301,
302
ohgodeoxynucleotrde
sequence composition,
298-300
oligodeoxynucleotide
sequence length, 300,
301
antisense
olrgodeoxynucleotide
specificity controls, 306-
309
antisense
oligodeoxynucleotide
effects controls, 308,
309
control sequence choice,
307,308
delivery route choice, 304-306
disadvantages, 319
mtroductron, 296-298
protocols, 309-318
antisense
oligodeoxynucleotide
chronic mtrarugral
infusion, 314-317
D2-receptor antrsense
ohgodeoxynucleotide
chronic intra-
cerebroventrlcular
microinfusion, 309-
314
treatment paradigms, 302-304
optimal dose, 302,303
optimal time, 303,304
Anxiety,
animal models, 89-92,93-110,
111-113
anxiolytrc agents, 93
history, 93-95
paradigms, 93
subtypes, 90,91
vs depression, 127,128
Anxiolytrc actrvrty, elevated
plus-maze, 208-210
Anxiolytrc agents, aversive
learning paradigms, 93
Area under curve (AUC), 14
Atlas reference points, 361
Atropine, 344
Autocorrelogram, 341
Autopower spectrum, 339
Averaging, 339
Aversive learnmg paradigms,
anxiolytic agents, 93
Awareness, 327
Axons, stimulatron sensrtivrty, 372
B
Behavior, 326-329
animal vs human, 326-328
Index
385
assessment, 326,327
brain electrical actrvity, 325-350
concepts, 348
Behavioral approaches,
drug abuse, 227-245
reinforcing properties of
drugs, 227-245
Behavioral effects, drugs, 227
Behavioral methods, 329-332
Behavioral neuroscience, 328
Bipolar electrode configurations,
371
Brain activity recording, 329,330
Brain atlases, 361
Brain electrical activity,
behavior, 342-350
consciousness and sleep-
waking cycle, 342-347
learning and memory, 347-
350
immobihzed preparations vs
freely moving animals,
325,326
Brain microdialysrs, l-25
aspects, 4-12
history, 1,2
mtracerebral dialysis, 2,3
hmitatrons, 23-25
neurotransmitter efflux, 16
perfusion flurds, 8-l 1
quantitative dialysis, 12-14
statistical analysis, 12-14
tissue reactions, 15
working practices, 17-23
Brain tissue, electrical and
chemical strmulatron, m
VlVO, 359-379
Bregma, 361
Bridge grafts,
cellular brrdges, 74,75
neural transplantatlon proce-
dure, 73-75
peripheral nerve brrdge, 74
Brine shrimp embryo, teratoge-
nicity testing, 276, 277
Bupropion, 109,117
Buspirone, 96-98,101,103,106,
107,110,116,122
C
Caffeine, 99
Cannula,
fixation, freely movmg ani-
mals, 364
placement, 313,315,316
Cannula systems, 373,374
Capillary electrophoresrs, 3, 24
Catalepsy induction, 183-187
advantages and disadvan-
tages, 186,187
apparatus and procedure, 184
background and rationale,
183,184
CLZ, 185-187
ELS, 187
HAL, 184-187
predictive validity, 184-186
Cathode ray tube (CRT), fre-
quency limrts, 334
Cats, teratogenicity testing, 264
Cavity implants,
delayed, 70,71
sohd grafts, 69, 70
Cell lmes, neural transplantanon,
65
Cell suspension grafts,
CNS, 71,72
dissociated, 72, 73
implantation, 73
Cellular neuropharmacology,
receptor studres, 35
Central nervous system (CNS),
extracellular bram fluid, 1
Central nervous system (CNS)
receptors, anesthesia, 51,52
Cerebrovascular disorders,
animal models, 158-163
neuropathology, 158, 159
types, 158
Chemical brain stimulatron,
drug delivery timing, 376
386
Index
intracerebral technical consid-
erations, 377-379
intracerebroventricular
Injections, 379
in vivo, connection systems,
freely moving animals,
364,365
mrcroinjection systems, 373-376
basic system, 375,376
cannula systems, 373,374
leakage, 375,376
syringes, 375
tubing, 374,375
repeated intracerebral injec-
tions, 377
ultrafine microinjection
techniques, 376,377
Chemical kindling, 167
Chernoff-Kavlock assay, 270,271
Chick embryotoxicrty screening
test (CHEST), 271,272
Chlordrazepoxide, 99,103,106
Chlorpromazine (CPZ), 177,195,
196,208
Chronic animal infusion system,
316,317
Chronic indwellmg electrodes,
336
Chronic mtracerebroventrrcular
microinfusion, antisense
ohgodeoxynucleotrdes,
309-314
Chronic mtramgral infusion,
antisense
oligodeoxynucleotides,
314-317
Chronic mild stress (CMS)
paradigm,
Crrclmg behavior,
antagonism
DA-induced, 181-183
advantages & drsadvan-
tages, 183
apparatus and proce-
dure, 182
background and ratlo-
nale, 181, 182
predictive validity, 182
Citalopram, 117,119
Clorgyline, 117,121
Clozapine (CLZ), 178,180,181,
185-187,195,196,208,209
Cognitive neuroscience, 328
Commutator, 335
Concentration-effect curve,
perfusion fluids, 17,18
Concentric bipolar electrode
confrguratron, 367
Concentric dialysis probe,
construction, 6,7
Condmoned activity,
advantages and dlsadvan-
tages, 199
apparatus and procedure, 198
background and rationale, 198
condmoned behavior, 198,199
predictive validity, 198, 199
Condmoned avoidance respond-
mg (CAR),
acquisition, 200
advantages and dlsadvan-
tages, 201
apparatus and procedure, 199
background and rationale, 199
conditioned behavior, 199-201
expression, 200,201
predictive validity, 200,201
Conditioned behavior,
conditioned activity, 198,199
conditioned avoidance
responding (CAR), 199-
201
conditioned place preference
(CPP), 196-198
dopamme-mediated, 190-201
operant responding for brain
strmulatron reward
(BSR), 194-196
operant responding for
reward, 192-194
Index 387
Conditioned place-preference
(Cl?), 118,229,230,234-
239
Conflict tests, 108-110
Connection systems
electrical and chemical brain
stimulation, freely
moving animals, 364,365
suppliers, 365
Consciousness, 327
Constant current stimulators,
368,369
Constant voltage stimulators,
368,369
Cortical response,
LVFA, 45
noxious stimulation, 45-47
Cricket eggs, teratogenicrty
testing, 276
Cross-correlation function, 341
Cross-power spectrum, 339
Current source density (CSD)
analysis, 339
Cyanopramine, 100
D
D2-receptor antisense
oligodeoxynucleotldes,
chronic
intracerebroventricular
microinfusion, 309-314
cannula placement, 313,314
materials, 310,311
micro-osmotic pump-
tubing device, 311-313
Demyelinating diseases,
animal models, 167-169
multiple sclerosis, 167-169
Depression,
animal models, 89-92,114-
126
subtypes, 90,91
vs. anxiety, 127,128
Desipramine, 109,119,121
Dialysate,
5-HT level, 15,16
transmitter neural origin, 16
Dialysis, quantitative, 12-14
Dialysis bag, 1
Dialysis experiments,
anesthetized, 11,12
freely moving animals, 11, 12
Dralysrs probe,
aspects, 4-12
categories, 4,5
construction, 6,7
design, 4,5
histological analysis, 15
implantation, 4,5
modificatrons, 7, 8
tissue reaction, 15
Dialytrode, 1
Diazepam, 97,99
Differential reinforcement of low
rates (DRL 72s), 121,122
Dissociated cell-suspension
grafts, 72, 73
implantation, 73
preparation, 72
Dogs, teratogemcity testing, 264
Donor tissue,
cell lines, 64-67
cultured cells, 64-67
embryonic CNS tissue, 58,59
engineered cells, 64-67
expanded stem cells, 65,66
glands, 62-64
immortalized cell lines, 65
neural transplantation, 58-67
peripheral nerves, 62-64
precursor cells, 65,66
Dopamine-mediated conditioned
behavior, 190-201
Dopamine-mediated uncondi-
tioned motor behaviors,
179-192
Drosophilia embryo assay, 274,
275
388 Index
Drug abuse,
animal models, 229-245
behavioral approaches, 227-
245
reinforcing properties, 227-
245
Drug abuse ammal models, 229,
234-239
apparatus, 234,235
background and rationale, 234
behavioral effects of addictive
drugs, 238
CNS depressants, 238,239
CNS stimulants, 238
drug-conditioning, 236
hallucinogenic agents, 239
interpretive considerations,
236
locomotor activity, 236,237
methods, 234-236
pre-exposure, 235,236
preference testing, 236
procedure, 235
state dependency, 237
Drug addiction, conceptual
considerations, 228,229
Drug application, field potential,
40-43
Drug ejection, micropipets, 39-43
Drugs, physiological and behav-
ioral effects, 227
Drug self-admmistration model,
239-245
background and rationale, 239
catheter implant and mainte-
nance, 241
chronic indwelling catheters,
240
CNS depressants, 244
CNS stimulants, 243,244
drug delivery system, 240
hallucinogenic agents, 244
interpretive considerations,
243
methods, 240
operant chambers, 240
reinforcement schedules, 242
supporting compounds, 243
training procedures, 241,242
DSM-IV, 91,127
Dual probe models,
experimental examples, 20-23
functional interactions, 19
microdialysis, 19-23
E
Electrical brain stimulation,
anodal surround blocking,
366,372,373
current-distance relationships,
372
current sources and electrode
configuration, 371
efficacy, 366,367
electrode configuration, 367,
368,371
electrode size, 373
in vivo, 359-379
connection systems, freely
moving animals, 364,
365
monitoring, 369,370
multiple electrode use, 370,
371
parameters, 370
stimulators, 368,369
strength duration analysis,
372
wave forms, 368
Electrical kmdhng, 167
Electrodes,
configuration, electrical brain
stimulation, 367, 368,
371,372
fixation, freely moving ani-
mals, 364
impedance, measurement, 337
msulation, 368
multiple use, 338,370,371
noise, 333, 334
Index
389
size, 373
Electroencephalogram (EEG),
recording, 338,339
Electrophysiologlcal methods,
332-342
general, 332-335
spontaneous slow waves and
evoked potentials, 335-
339
unit actlvlties, 339-342
Elevated plus-maze, 99-102,208
advantages and dlsadvan-
tages, 209,210
anxiolytic activity, 208-210
anxiolytic effects, 100
apparatus and procedure, 208,
209
background and rationale, 208
CLZ, 209
HAL, 209
predictive validity, 209
Embryonic CNS tissue,
age, 58
dissecting, 62
harvesting, 61,62
neuronal tissues, 58,59
staging, 59-61
Embryomc nigral grafts, 80
EMIT (electrolytic mlcromlection
transducer) system, 377
Engineered cells,
gene transfer issues, 66,67
neural transplantation, 66,67
Epilepsy,
animal models, 165-167
kindling, 166,167
seizure disorders, 166
Evoked potentials (El?), 335
Expanded stem cells, neural
transplantation, 65,66
Exploratory locomotor activity
(ELA) model,
apparatus, 230,231
background and rationale,
230
behavioral effect of addictive
drug, 232,233
CNS depressants, 233
CNS stimulants, 233
hallucinogenic agents, 233,234
interpretive conslderatlons,
232
methods, 230-232
procedural variables, 231,232
Extracellular neural signal
recording,
differential vs. single-ended,
333
freely moving animals, 335
methods, 336-338
monopolar vs. bipolar, 337,338
storage devices, 334,335
systems, 332-335
Extracellular neural signals,
characteristics, 332,333
F
Faltung (folding back), 335
Fear-potentiated startle, painful
stressor, 105, 106
Field-effect transistors (FET), 333
Film, vs. videotape recorder, 331
Fish embryo assay, 274
Fluoxetme, 117,119, 122
Fluvoxamine, 117,122,123
Fluvoxetine, 100
Forced swim, untramed stress
reaction, 114-l 17
Fourier spectral analysis, 338,339
Fourier transform, 341
Freely movmg animals, unit
recording, 340
Frequency filter, 333
Frog embryo (Xenopus) FETAX
assay, 272,273
G
Gene expression modulation,
318,319
390
Gene therapy, neural transplan-
tation, 67
Gene transfer issues, engineered
cells, 66, 67
Gepuone, 101,104,106,107,116,
122
Glass microcapillaries, 376
Gold electrodes, 367
Gold-track sliprings, 364
Graft viability,
antioxidants, 77, 78
improvement, 76,77
preparation, 77
trophic factors, 77
Grass polygraph, 40,44
Guide cannula, implant, 15
Guinea pigs, teratogenicity
testing, 262
H
Haloperrdol (HAL), 180, 181,
184-187,195,196,208,209
Halothane, 363
Hamsters, teratogenicrty testing,
262
High-performance liquid chro-
matography (HPLC), 3
Homotroprc transplantation,
neostriatum, 81
Human phobias, characterized,
94
Human teratogens,
arumal testmg, 257
biased or incomplete data, 257
birth defects, 256
factors, 256,257
statistics, 257
Huntingtons disease (HD),
autosomal dominant gene, 164
histological evaluation, 165
neural transplantation, 56
neuropathology, 265
pharmacological treatment,
165
Index
Hydra, teratogemcity testing,
275,276
I
Imlpramine, 96,98, 104, 109,117,
119,121
Immortalized cell lines, neural
transplantation, 65
Immunological factors, neural
transplantation, 75,76
Inescapable shock (IS) paradigm,
123
Inhalant anesthetics, advantages,
363
Instantaneous frequency, 342
Instmctive behavior, 328,348
Inter-aural zero, 361
Intracerebral dialysis,
practical aspects, 4-12
principles, 2,3
Intracerebral inlectlons, 377-379
injection volume, 377
lipid solubihty, 378
solution pH, 378
solution preparation, 378,379
Intracerebroventricular inlec-
tions, 379
Intracerebroventricular
micromfusion, D2-receptor
antisense
ohgodeoxynucleotides,
309-314
Intracranial self-stimulation
(ICSS), 118
Intranigral infusion, antrsense
ohgodeoxynucleotide, 314-
317
Intraocular grafts, 68
Intraparenchymal grafts, sohd
grafts, 71
Intravenous (iv> drug self-
admimstration paradigms,
animal models, 229,239-245
Intraventricular implants, sohd
grafts, 69
Index
391
Iontophoresis, recording and
drug dellvery, 39,42,43
Ipsapirone, 97,101,103,104,106,
107,116,122
Ischemia,
bilateral CCA occlusion
model, 160
compression model, 160
decapitation model, 160
embolism model, 163
focal models, 161-163
four-vessel occlusion (4VO)
model, 160
global models, 159,160
graded unilateral model, 160
MCA model, 161
tourniquet model, 160
two-vessel occlusion (4VO)
model, 160
unilateral occlusion of CCA
model, 159,160
Ischemia-Induced brain damage,
types, 159
K
Kindling,
chemical, 167
electrical, 167
epilepsy, 166,167
Laboratory arumal guidelines,
312,363
Learned behavior, 328,348
Learned helplessness, 122-124
Learning, 347-350
Learning paradigms, 93
Light-dark exploration,
anxiolytic drug, 95-97
Line-frequency filter, 334
Locomotor behavior mhibition,
180,181
advantages and disadvan-
tages, 181
apparatus and procedure, 180
background and rationale, 180
induced locomotion, 181
predictive validity, 180,181
spontaneous locomotion, 180,
181
Low-voltage fast activity
(LVFA), 344
cortical response, 45
M
Memory, 347-350
defined, 347
Metabolic disorders, animal
models, 169, 170
Mianserin, 98,104,109,119,122
Mice, teratogenicity testing, 261,
262
Microdialysis,
chemical application, 17-19
drug administration, 19
drug application, 17-19
dual probe models, 19-23
electrical stimulation, 23
long-term, 15
Mrcrodialysis studies, statistical
methods, 13,14
Microelectrodes, freely moving
animals, 340
Microinjection systems,
chemical brain stimulation,
373-376
intracerebral, chemical brain
stimulation, 377-379
intracerebroventrrcular,
chemical brain stimula-
tion, 379
ultrafme, chemical bram
stimulation, 376,377
Micro-osmotic pump-tubing
device, 311-313
placement, 312
preparation and incubation,
311,312
392
Index
Micropipets,
drug ejection, 39-43
recording, 39-43
Mrcrowire implantation, 340
Mind,
cornpositron, 347
nature, 327
Moclobemrde, 96,119,120
Modulatory system, receptor
activity, 45,46
Molecular biology, teratogemcity
screening, 277,278
Monopolar electrode confrgura-
tron, 367,371
Movement sensors, 330
Multiple sclerosis,
animal models, 167-169
demyelinating diseases, 167-169
genetic models, 168
mutant models, 168, 169
neural transplantation, 56
nongenetic models, 168
N
Narrshige PE-2 puller, 39
Narrshige XYZ hydraulic ma-
nipulator, 40
Neural transplantation, 55-82
applrcations, 55,56
circuit reconstruction, 80-82
donor trssue, 58-67
graft viability, 76,77
history, 56,57
immunologrcal factors, 75,76
methods, 57
new surgical therapies, 56
nonspecific effects, 78,79
pharmacologrcal repair, 79
procedures, 67-75
repair strategies, 78-82
technical issues, 75-78
trophlc repair, 79, 80
Neural transplantatron procedure,
bridge grafts, 73-75
cell suspension grafts, 71, 72
solid grafts, 68-71
Neural transplants, brain behav-
ior studies, 56
Neurobiology,
application, 55
developmental studies, 55,56
neural transplantation, 55
Neurological disorders, animal
models, 149-170
Neurolog modules, 40
Neuronal tissues, dissecting, 62
NOXIOUS strmulatron,
blunt probe, 43
cortical response, 45-47
receptor studies, 45-51
recording, 43,44
TC, 45
transmitter mediatmg, 45-47
0
Ocular grafts, 63,64,68
Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX),
depression model, 119-121
Operant responding for brain
strmulatron reward(BSR),
advantages and disadvan-
tages, 196
apparatus and procedure, 194,
195
background and rationale, 194
CLZ, 195,196
condmoned behavior, 194-196
CPZ, 195,196
HAL, 195,196
predrctrve validity, 195,196
response decrement pattern,
195,196
response rate decreases, 195
Operant responding for reward,
advantages and disadvan-
tages, 194
apparatus and procedure, 192,
193
background and rationale, 192
conditioned behavior, 192-194
Index
predictive validrty, 193,194
Operation amplifiers, 333
Oscilloscopes, 334
frequency limits, 334
P
Parachlorophenylalanme, 345
Parkinsons disease (PD),
6-OHDA, 155,156
animal models, 154, 155
MPTP model, 156,157
MPTP model protocol, 157,
158
neural transplantation, 56
neuropathology, 154
Paw test, 187, 188
advantages and disadvantages,
188
apparatus and procedure, 187
background and ratronale, 187
predictive validity, 187,188
Pentylenetetrazol, 98
Perfusion fluids,
brain mrcrodialysls, 8-l 1
chemical agents, 17
concentration-effect curve, 17,
18
drugs, 17
interstitial space, 8
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
tissues,
adrenal medulla, 63
peripheral nerve, 64
spinal ganglia, 63
visual system, 63,64
Pharmacologrcal repan-, neural
transplantatron, 79
Pharmacological tools,
agonists, 37
antagonists, 36,37
releasers, 37,38
receptor studies, 36-38
synthesis inhibitors, 37,38
Phenelzine, 98,109
Phenobarbital, 99
393
Physiological effects, drugs, 227
Prcrotoxin, 98
Pigs, tera togenrcrty tes tmg, 263
Planaria, teratogenicity testmg,
277
Platinum-iridium electrodes,
340,367
Pneumophoresis, recording and
drug delivery, 39,42,43
Polygraphs, 329,338
frequency limits, 334
Postoperative care,
small animal surgery, 363
respiratory complications,
363
Poststrmulus time histogram
(PSTH), 342
Precursor cells, neural transplan-
tation, 65,66
Prepulse inhibition, 201-206
advantages and drsadvan-
tages, 205
apparatus and procedure, 202
background and rationale,
201,202
central lesions, 206
pharmacologrcal treatments,
203
predictive validity, 203-205
reverse pharmacological
treatments, 204,205
social isolation, 205
Primates, teratogenicity testing,
264,265
Probes,
implantation, process, 4,5
placement, 362
Processmg defrcrts observed
attention/information, 201
schizophrenia, 201-206
Pulse-code modulation (KM),
334
Pulse trains, duration, 370
Push-pull cannula, 1
Push-pull perfusron, 1,23
394
Q
Quantitative dialysis, 12-14
absolute recovery, 12
brain microdialysis, 12-14
relative recovery, 12
R
Rabbits (lagomorpha), teratoge-
nicity testing, 262,263
Rapid eye movement (REM)
sleep, 343
Receptacle implantation, 340
Receptor studies,
cellular neuropharmacology,
35
CNS neurons, 35-52
improvements, 51,52
hmrtations, 51, 52
multrple methodologies, 51
noxious stimulatron, 45-51
pharmacological tools, 36-38
recording, 38-45
single-unit recording, 36-52
Recordmg,
data acquisrtron, 44,45
data analysis, 44,45
field potential, 40-43
micropipets, 39-43
noxrous strmulation, 43,44
receptor studies, 38-45
simultaneous, 42
Recording apparatus, dragram,
41
Recording preparation, 38-45
anesthetized animals, 38
animal mounting, 38
Relative recovery, quantrtative
dialysis, 12
Reticular formation, unit actrvr-
ties, 346
Retinal grafts, 63,64
Rhythmical slow actrvity (RSA),
343,349
Ro, 15-1788,98
Index
Rodents, teratogenicity testing,
260-262
s
Schizophrenia models,
antrpsychotic drug action,
177-210
behavioral approaches, 177-
210
characterized, 177
dopamine-medrcated, 179-
192
his tory, 177-l 79
negative symptoms, 206-210
operant responding for
reward, 192-201
processing deficits observed,
201-206
social interaction, 207-210
Schrzophrenrc animal model
advantages and drsadvan-
tages, 197,198
apparatus and procedure, 197
background and rationale, 196
condmoned behavror, 196-198
predrctive validrty, 197
Schwann cells, 64, 74,75
Scopolamme, 344,345
Sea urchin embryos, teratogenic-
ity testing, 276
Seizure disorders,
autosomal dommant model, 166
El mouse model, 166
generalized, 166
grand mal, 166
partial, 166
quaking mouse modei, 166
Serotonin actrvrty, aging, 49,50
Serotonin antagonists, 47
Serotonm receptor subtypes, 47,
48
Shock-probe burymg, pamful
s tressors, 102-l 05
Signal condmoning devrces, 333
Silicon electrodes, 338
Index 395
Sinusordal stimulatron, 368
Sleep-wake cycle, 342-347
Sleep-wake cycle, conscrousness,
342-347
Slow waves, 332
Small ammal surgery,
anesthesia, 363
postoperative care, 363
Social interaction,
advantages and drsadvan-
tages, 208
apparatus and procedure, 207
background and rationale, 207
CPZ, 208
HAL, 208
predictive validity, 207,208
schizophrenia, 207-210
Social interaction test,
nonpamful stressors, 97-99
Sodium pentobarbrtal, 363
Solid grafts,
cavity implants, 69, 70
delayed cavity implants, 70,71
mtraparenchymal, 71
intraventricular implants, 69
neural transplantation proce-
dure, 68-71
ocular, 68
Spinal ganglia, PNS tlssues, 63
Spontaneous slow waves,
recording, 335,336
Stereotaxrc surgery, 361,362
materials, 310,311
probe placement, 362
Stereotyped behavior antagonism,
188
advantages and disadvantages,
190
apparatus and procedure, 189
background and rationale, 188
predictive validity, 189,190
Stimulus isolation units, 370, 371
Strength-duration analysrs, 372
Stroke, neuropathology, 158,159
Summary statistics method, 14
Summing, 339
Surgical methodologies,
animal models, 151
neurologrcal disorders, 151
Swivels, construction, 365
Synthesis inhibitors, pharmaco-
logical tools, 37,38
Systemic (iv) administration,
antagonists, 47
T
Tall compressron (TC), noxrous
stimulation, 45
Tall suspensron, untrained stress
reaction, 117
Tape recorders, 329,330,334
frequency limits, 334
Telemetry, 335
Teratogetuc effects,
animal model prerequisites,
279,280
animal to human extrapola-
tion, 280
Teratogemcrty,
animal model, 253-281
embryonic systems, 254
maternal systems, 254
Teratogenicity development,
dose amount, 259
drug mteractrons, 259
embryo stage, 257,258
factors, 257-259
mammalian screening test,
259,260
maternal-fetal genotype, 258,
259
mothers health, 257
Teratogemcrty screening,
molecular biology, 277,278
objectives, 278,279
Teratogemcity testing,
brine shrimp embryo, 276,277
cat, 264
chick embryotoxicity screen-
ing test(CHEST), 271,272
396
Index
cricket eggs, 276
dog, 264
Drosophila embryo assay, 274,
275
fish embryo assay, 274
frog embryo (Xenopus)
FETAX assay, 272,273
guinea pig, 262
hamster, 262
hydra, 275,276
mammalian assays
Chernoff-Kavlock, 270,271
limit test, 269,270
range-findmg studres, 268,269
mammalian test species, 265
mouse, 261,262
nonmammalian assays, 271-277
pig, 263
planarra, 277
primates, 264, 265
principles, 278,279
rabbit (lagomorpha), 262,263
rodents, 260-262
sea urchin embryos, 276
whole animal assays, 265-267
influencing factors, 267,268
Teratogemc risk, humans, 279
Thalidomide, 253
Transcerebral probe, 4,6
Transgemc mice, 361
Trazodone, 109,117,122
Trophic factors, graft viabrhty, 77
Trophrc repair, neural transplan-
tation, 79,80
t-tests, 14
Tubing, 374,375
Twisted bipolar electrode
configuration, 367
U
Ultrasonic distress vocalization,
painful stressor, 106-108
Unit activltles, 339-342
analysis, 341,342
generation, 339,340
recording methods, 340,341
reticular formatron, 346
Unit discharges, 332
Unit interval, analysis, 341
V
Vertical probes, 4, 6
types, 6
Video-computers, 331,332
Videotape recorders, vs film, 331
Voltammetry, 2, 23
Y
Yohlmbme, 99