Professional Documents
Culture Documents
=
n
i
i
a
1
a
1
+ a
2
+ . . . + a
n
a the positive square root of the real number a
| a | the modulus of the real number a
n! n factorial for n k (0! = 1)
r
n
the binomial coefficient
n
r n
!
! ( ) r !
, for n, r k, 0 r n
!
) 1 )...( 1 (
r
r n n n +
, for n n, r k
11
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Examination in November 2013.
5. Mathematical notation
4. Functions
f function f
f (x) the value of the function f at x
f : A B f is a function under which each element of set A has an image
in set B
f : x a y the function f maps the element x to the element y
f
1
the inverse of the function f
g
f )( x) or gf ( x) = g(f ( x))
the limit of f ( x) as x tends to a
x; x an increment of x
d
dx
y
the derivative of y with respect to x
d
dx
n
n
y
the nth derivative of y with respect to x
f ( x), f ( x), , f
(n)
( x) the first, second, , nth derivatives of f ( x) with respect to x
b
a
x y d
x
y
12
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Examination in November 2013.
5. Mathematical notation
sinh
1
, cosh
1
, tanh
1
,
cosech
1
, sech
1
, coth
1
}
the inverse hyperbolic relations
7. Complex Numbers
i square root of 1
z a complex number, z = x + iy
= r (cos + i sin ), r o
0
+
= re
i
, r o
0
+
Re z the real part of z, Re (x + iy) = x
Imz the imaginary part of z, Im (x + iy) = y
| z | the modulus of z, | x + iy | = (x
2
+ y
2
), | r (cos + i sin )| = r
arg z the argument of z, arg(r (cos + i sin )) = , < Y
z* the complex conjugate of z, (x + iy)* = x iy
8. Matrices
M a matrix M
M
1
the inverse of the square matrix M
M
T
the transpose of the matrix M
det M the determinant of the square matrix M
9. Vectors
a the vector a
AB
| the magnitude of AB
a
.
b the scalar product of a and b
a b the vector product of a and b
10. Probability and Statistics
A, B, C etc. events
A B union of events A and B
A B intersection of the events A and B
P(A) probability of the event A
A complement of the event A, the event not A
P(A|B) probability of the event A given the event B
X, Y, R, etc. random variables
x, y, r, etc. values of the random variables X, Y, R, etc.
x
1
, x
2
, observations
f
1
, f
2
, frequencies with which the observations x
1
, x
2
, occur
13
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Examination in November 2013.
5. Mathematical notation
p( x) the value of the probability function P( X = x) of the discrete
random variable X
p
1
, p
2
, probabilities of the values x
1,
x
2
, of the discrete random
variable X
f ( x), g( x), the value of the probability density function of the continuous
random variable X
F(x), G(x), the value of the (cumulative) distribution function P( X Y x) of
the random variable X
E(X ) expectation of the random variable X
E[g(X )] expectation of g(X )
Var(X ) variance of the random variable X
G(t) the value of the probability generating function for a random
variable which takes integer values
B(n, p) binomial distribution, parameters n and p
N(,
2
) normal distribution, mean and variance
2
population mean
2
population variance
population standard deviation
x
sample mean
s
2
unbiased estimate of population variance from a sample,
(x x
)
2
probability density function of the standardised normal variable
with distribution N (0, 1)
corresponding cumulative distribution function
linear product-moment correlation coefficient for a population
r linear product-moment correlation coefficient for a sample
Cov(X, Y ) covariance of X and Y
2
1
1
= s
n
14
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Examination in November 2013.
6. Resource list
These titles represent some of the texts available in the UK at the time of printing this booklet. Teachers
are encouraged to choose texts for class use which they feel will be of interest to their candidates and will
support their own teaching style. ISBN numbers are provided wherever possible.
Suggested Books
Author Title Date Publisher
ISBN
Number
Caswell Success in Statistics 1994 John Murray 019572029
Chalmers O Level Statistics 2003 Voila Publishers 9991255907
Clegg Simple Statistics 1983 Cambridge
University Press
0521288029
Hartley Statistics Book 1 1998 Impart Books 8120203089
Plews Introductory Statistics 1979 Heinemann 0435537504
Walker,
McLean and
Matthew
Statistics a first course 1993 Hodder and
Stoughton
Educational
0340552468
Resources are also listed on CIEs public website at www.cie.org.uk. Please visit this site on a regular
basis as the Resource lists are updated through the year.
Access to teachers email discussion groups, suggested schemes of work and regularly updated resource
lists may be found on the CIE Teacher Support website at http://teachers.cie.org.uk. This website is
available to teachers at registered CIE Centres.
15
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Examination in November 2013.
7. Additional information
7.1 Guided learning hours
O Level syllabuses are designed on the assumption that candidates have about 130 guided learning hours
per subject over the duration of the course. (Guided learning hours include direct teaching and any other
supervised or directed study time. They do not include private study by the candidate.)
However, this figure is for guidance only, and the number of hours required may vary according to local
curricular practice and the candidates prior experience of the subject.
7.2 Recommended prior learning
Candidates beginning this course are not expected to have studied Statistics previously.
7.3 Progression
O Level Certificates are general qualifications that enable candidates to progress either directly to
employment, or to proceed to further qualifications.
Candidates who are awarded grades C to A* in O Level Statistics are well prepared to follow courses leading
to AS and A Level Statistics, or the equivalent.
7.4 Component codes
Because of local variations, in some cases component codes will be different in instructions about making
entries for examinations and timetables from those printed in this syllabus, but the component names will
be unchanged to make identification straightforward.
7.5 Grading and reporting
Ordinary Level (O Level) results are shown by one of the grades A*, A, B, C, D or E indicating the standard
achieved, Grade A* being the highest and Grade E the lowest. Ungraded indicates that the candidates
performance fell short of the standard required for Grade E. Ungraded will be reported on the statement of
results but not on the certificate.
Percentage uniform marks are also provided on each candidates statement of results to supplement their
grade for a syllabus. They are determined in this way:
16
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Examination in November 2013.
7. Additional information
A candidate who obtains
the minimum mark necessary for a Grade A* obtains a percentage uniform mark of 90%.
the minimum mark necessary for a Grade A obtains a percentage uniform mark of 80%.
the minimum mark necessary for a Grade B obtains a percentage uniform mark of 70%.
the minimum mark necessary for a Grade C obtains a percentage uniform mark of 60%.
the minimum mark necessary for a Grade D obtains a percentage uniform mark of 50%.
the minimum mark necessary for a Grade E obtains a percentage uniform mark of 40%.
no marks receives a percentage uniform mark of 0%.
Candidates whose mark is none of the above receive a percentage mark in between those stated according
to the position of their mark in relation to the grade thresholds (i.e. the minimum mark for obtaining a
grade). For example, a candidate whose mark is halfway between the minimum for a Grade C and the
minimum for a Grade D (and whose grade is therefore D) receives a percentage uniform mark of 55%.
The uniform percentage mark is stated at syllabus level only. It is not the same as the raw mark obtained
by the candidate, since it depends on the position of the grade thresholds (which may vary from one session
to another and from one subject to another) and it has been turned into a percentage.
7.6 Resources
Copies of syllabuses, the most recent question papers and Principal Examiners reports for teachers are
available on the Syllabus and Support Materials CD-ROM, which is sent to all CIE Centres.
Resources are also listed on CIEs public website at www.cie.org.uk. Please visit this site on a regular
basis as the Resource lists are updated through the year.
Access to teachers email discussion groups, suggested schemes of work and regularly updated resource
lists may be found on the CIE Teacher Support website at http://teachers.cie.org.uk. This website is
available to teachers at registered CIE Centres.
University of Cambridge International Examinations
1 Hills Road, Cambridge, CB1 2EU, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)1223 553554 Fax: +44 (0)1223 553558
Email: international@cie.org.uk Website: www.cie.org.uk
University of Cambridge International Examinations 2010