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5070/22
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2 Theory
October/November 2011
1 hour 30 minutes
[Turn over
2
Section A
For
Examiners
Use
A1 Choose from the following list of elements to answer the questions below.
calcium
chlorine
hydrogen
iodine
nickel
sodium
vanadium
zinc
Each element can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Which element
(a) forms an oxide which is amphoteric,
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) is a catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkenes,
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) oxidises aqueous bromide ions to bromine,
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) is used in water purification to kill bacteria,
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) is formed at the cathode when a dilute aqueous solution of sodium chloride is
electrolysed,
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f)
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A2 Pure oxygen for industrial use is obtained from the air.
(a) (i)
For
Examiners
Use
(ii)
Explain how fractional distillation is used to obtain oxygen from the air.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) When acetylene, C2H2, burns in oxygen it produces a very hot flame.
State one industrial use for this oxyacetylene flame.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Acetylene has a triple covalent bond between its carbon atoms.
Draw a dot-and-cross diagram for acetylene.
You need only show the outer electrons.
[1]
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(d) Oxygen reacts with magnesium to form magnesium oxide.
Draw diagrams to show the complete electronic structure and charges of both ions
present in magnesium oxide.
[2]
(e) Oxygen, O2, in the atmosphere can react to form ozone, O3.
(i)
(ii)
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For
Examiners
Use
5
A3 The alkanes are an homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula
CnH2n+2.
For
Examiners
Use
butane
H
H
H
H
methylpropane
What term is given to compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural
formulae?
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) A student ignites a mixture of 15 cm3 of propane and 100 cm3 of oxygen. The oxygen is
in excess. All measurements of volume are taken at room temperature and pressure.
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)
3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
Calculate
the volume of carbon dioxide formed,
.............................................................................................................................. cm3 [1]
the volume of unreacted oxygen remaining.
...............................................................................................................................cm3 [1]
(e) Explain why the incomplete combustion of an alkane in an enclosed space is
hazardous.
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
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A4 Coal is largely carbon.
For
Examiners
Use
O2(g)
CO2(g)
H = 393.5 kJ / mol
Draw an energy profile diagram for this reaction on the axes below.
On your diagram label
enthalpy
reaction pathway
[3]
(ii)
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(b) Coal contains a small amount of sulfur.
(i)
For
Examiners
Use
Explain how the burning of coal results in the formation of acid rain.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [3]
(ii)
(c) Oxides of nitrogen also contribute to acid rain. They can be formed naturally in the
atmosphere from nitrogen and oxygen.
(i)
(ii)
Nitric acid in the atmosphere can chemically erode buildings made from carbonate
rocks.
Write an equation for the reaction of nitric acid, HNO3, with calcium carbonate,
CaCO3.
[2]
[Total: 12]
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A5 Bromine is a halogen. It has two naturally-occurring isotopes.
For
Examiners
Use
81Br.
35
State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in this isotope of bromine.
protons ............................
neutrons ..........................
electrons .........................
[2]
[2]
(ii)
A small amount of liquid bromine was placed in the bottom of a sealed flask. After
thirty minutes the brown colour of the bromine had spread throughout the flask.
air
liquid bromine
start
after 30 minutes
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(d) Bromine forms a variety of compounds with other halogens.
(i)
For
Examiners
Use
(ii)
[2]
[Total: 11]
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Section B
For
Examiners
Use
(ii)
(ii)
What name is given to the enrichment of lakes with nitrates and phosphates which
leads to the death of plant and animal life in the lakes?
............................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 10]
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B7 Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.
For
Examiners
Use
(a) What do you understand by the terms strong acid and weak acid ?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Compare and explain the difference in the electrical conductivity between a strong and
a weak acid.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) A dilute solution of sulfuric acid contains hydrogen ions, hydroxide ions and sulfate ions.
When this solution is electrolysed, hydrogen gas is formed at the cathode and oxygen
gas is formed at the anode.
(i)
(ii)
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(d) Magnesium reacts with dilute sulfuric acid.
Mg(s)
(i)
H2SO4(aq)
MgSO4(aq)
For
Examiners
Use
H2(g)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [3]
(ii)
A student reacts 3.0 g of magnesium with 2.5 mol / dm3 sulfuric acid.
Calculate the minimum volume of sulfuric acid that reacts with all the magnesium.
[2]
[Total: 10]
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B8 The table gives some information about the first five members of the carboxylic acid
homologous series.
carboxylic acid
formula
boiling point / C
HCO2H
101
ethanoic acid
CH3CO2H
118
propanoic acid
C2H5CO2H
141
methanoic acid
butanoic acid
pentanoic acid
(a) (i)
For
Examiners
Use
166
C4H9CO2H
(ii)
[1]
(iii)
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(b) Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters.
(i)
For
Examiners
Use
Name the ester formed when ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol.
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii)
[1]
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(c) Carboxylic acid X contains 55.8% carbon, 7.0% hydrogen and 37.2% oxygen.
(i)
For
Examiners
Use
[2]
(ii)
A molecule of carboxylic acid X contains four carbon atoms. What is its molecular
formula?
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii)
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B9 Barium is a reactive metal in Group II of the Periodic Table.
Barium reacts with water in a similar way to sodium. The products of the reaction are aqueous
barium hydroxide and a colourless gas.
(a) (i)
(ii)
2Al
3Ba
Al2O3
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Examiners
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BLANK PAGE
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
UCLES 2011
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Calcium
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Strontium
Radium
45
89
89
227
Actinium
Ac
Key
X = atomic symbol
72
Hafnium
Lanthanum
57
178
Hf
40
Zirconium
Zr
91
Titanium
139
Yttrium
22
48
Ti
La
39
21
Scandium
Sc
88
Francium
87
226
Ra
223
Barium
56
Caesium
Fr
55
137
Ba
133
Cs
38
Rubidium
37
88
Sr
85
Rb
19
Potassium
40
Ca
39
Magnesium
Sodium
12
24
Mg
23
Na
Beryllium
Lithium
11
Be
II
Li
51
93
Ta
181
Niobium
Nb
90
58
73
52
96
Mo
184
55
Tc
186
Re
144
Nd
92
60
Uranium
238
Neodymium
75
Rhenium
43
Technetium
25
Manganese
Mn
27
59
28
59
29
64
30
65
Ru
101
Iron
190
Pm
147
Osmium
Os
237
Np
93
Neptunium
61
Promethium
76
44
Ruthenium
26
56
Fe
Sm
150
Iridium
244
Pu
94
Plutonium
62
Eu
152
Platinum
243
Am
95
Americium
63
Europium
78
195
Pt
Ir
46
Palladium
Pd
106
Nickel
Ni
192
Samarium
77
45
Rhodium
Rh
103
Cobalt
Co
Gd
157
Gold
Au
197
Silver
96
64
Curium
Cm
247
Gadolinium
79
47
Ag
108
Copper
Cu
201
Bk
247
Terbium
Tb
159
Mercury
Hg
97
Berkelium
65
80
48
Cadmium
Cd
112
Zinc
Zn
11
Dy
162
Thallium
Tl
204
Indium
251
Cf
98
Californium
66
Es
252
Holmium
Ho
165
Lead
Pb
207
Tin
99
Einsteinium
67
82
50
119
Sn
115
32
Germanium
Ge
73
Silicon
In
Gallium
Dysprosium
81
49
31
70
Ga
14
28
Si
Carbon
27
Aluminium
13
12
Al
Boron
B
7
14
75
Sb
122
Arsenic
As
Bi
209
Fermium
Fm
257
Erbium
Er
167
Bismuth
100
68
83
51
Antimony
33
15
Phosphorus
31
Nitrogen
N
8
Se
79
Sulfur
32
Oxygen
209
Po
169
Md
258
Thulium
Tm
101
Mendelevium
69
84
Polonium
52
Tellurium
Te
128
Selenium
34
16
16
O
9
Yb
173
Astatine
At
210
Iodine
127
Bromine
Br
80
Chlorine
259
No
102
Nobelium
70
Ytterbium
85
53
35
17
Cl
35.5
Fluorine
19
Lr
260
Lutetium
Lu
175
Radon
Rn
222
Xenon
Xe
131
Krypton
Kr
84
Argon
Ar
40
Neon
103
Lawrencium
71
86
54
36
18
10
Ne
20
Helium
Hydrogen
VII
VI
He
IV
III
The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
91
Protactinium
Thorium
231
Pa
Th
232
Praseodymium
Cerium
59
141
Pr
140
74
Tungsten
42
Molybdenum
24
Chromium
Cr
Ce
Tantalum
41
23
Vanadium
Group
DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
20