VassarStats: Table of Critical F Values (p.

1)
[top entry for .05 level; bottom entry for .01 level]
df numerator
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15

10

11

12

13

14

161

199

216

225

230

234

237

239

241

242

243

244

245

245

4052

4999

5404

5624

5764

5859

5928

5981

6022

6056

6083

6107

6126

6143

18.51

19.00

19.16

19.25

19.30

19.33

19.35

19.37

19.38

19.40

19.40

19.41

19.42

19.42

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

10.13

9.55

9.28

9.12

9.01

8.94

8.89

8.85

8.81

8.79

8.76

8.74

8.73

8.71

34.12

30.82

29.46

28.71

28.24

27.91

27.67

27.49

27.34

27.23

27.13

27.05

26.98

26.92

7.71

6.94

6.59

6.39

6.26

6.16

6.09

6.04

6.00

5.96

5.94

5.91

5.89

5.87

21.20

18.00

16.69

15.98

15.52

15.21

14.98

14.80

14.66

14.55

14.45

14.37

14.31

14.25

6.61

5.79

5.41

5.19

5.05

4.95

4.88

4.82

4.77

4.74

4.70

4.68

4.66

4.64

16.26

13.27

12.06

11.39

10.97

10.67

10.46

10.29

10.16

10.05

9.96

9.89

9.82

9.77

5.99

5.14

4.76

4.53

4.39

4.28

4.21

4.15

4.10

4.06

4.03

4.00

3.98

3.96

13.75

10.92

9.78

9.15

8.75

8.47

8.26

8.10

7.98

7.87

7.79

7.72

7.66

7.60

5.59

4.74

4.35

4.12

3.97

3.87

3.79

3.73

3.68

3.64

3.60

3.57

3.55

3.53

12.25

9.55

8.45

7.85

7.46

7.19

6.99

6.84

6.72

6.62

6.54

6.47

6.41

6.36

5.32

4.46

4.07

3.84

3.69

3.58

3.50

3.44

3.39

3.35

3.31

3.28

3.26

3.24

11.26

8.65

7.59

7.01

6.63

6.37

6.18

6.03

5.91

5.81

5.73

5.67

5.61

5.56

5.12

4.26

3.86

3.63

3.48

3.37

3.29

3.23

3.18

3.14

3.10

3.07

3.05

3.03

10.56

8.02

6.99

6.42

6.06

5.80

5.61

5.47

5.35

5.26

5.18

5.11

5.05

5.01

4.96

4.10

3.71

3.48

3.33

3.22

3.14

3.07

3.02

2.98

2.94

2.91

2.89

2.86

10.04

7.56

6.55

5.99

5.64

5.39

5.20

5.06

4.94

4.85

4.77

4.71

4.65

4.60

4.84

3.98

3.59

3.36

3.20

3.09

3.01

2.95

2.90

2.85

2.82

2.79

2.76

2.74

9.65

7.21

6.22

5.67

5.32

5.07

4.89

4.74

4.63

4.54

4.46

4.40

4.34

4.29

4.75

3.89

3.49

3.26

3.11

3.00

2.91

2.85

2.80

2.75

2.72

2.69

2.66

2.64

9.33

6.93

5.95

5.41

5.06

4.82

4.64

4.50

4.39

4.30

4.22

4.16

4.10

4.05

4.67

3.81

3.41

3.18

3.03

2.92

2.83

2.77

2.71

2.67

2.63

2.60

2.58

2.55

9.07

6.70

5.74

5.21

4.86

4.62

4.44

4.30

4.19

4.10

4.02

3.96

3.91

3.86

4.60

3.74

3.34

3.11

2.96

2.85

2.76

2.70

2.65

2.60

2.57

2.53

2.51

2.48

8.86

6.51

5.56

5.04

4.69

4.46

4.28

4.14

4.03

3.94

3.86

3.80

3.75

3.70

4.54

3.68

3.29

3.06

2.90

2.79

2.71

2.64

2.59

2.54

2.51

2.48

2.45

2.42

8.68

6.36

5.42

4.89

4.56

4.32

4.14

4.00

3.89

3.80

3.73

3.67

3.61

3.56

0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01

Appendix

A
Durbin-Watson
Significance Tables
The Durbin-Watson test statistic tests the null hypothesis that the residuals from an
ordinary least-squares regression are not autocorrelated against the alternative that the
residuals follow an AR1 process. The Durbin-Watson statistic ranges in value from 0
to 4. A value near 2 indicates non-autocorrelation; a value toward 0 indicates positive
autocorrelation; a value toward 4 indicates negative autocorrelation.
Because of the dependence of any computed Durbin-Watson value on the
associated data matrix, exact critical values of the Durbin-Watson statistic are not
tabulated for all possible cases. Instead, Durbin and Watson established upper and
lower bounds for the critical values. Typically, tabulated bounds are used to test the
hypothesis of zero autocorrelation against the alternative of positive first-order
autocorrelation, since positive autocorrelation is seen much more frequently in
practice than negative autocorrelation. To use the table, you must cross-reference the
sample size against the number of regressors, excluding the constant from the count
of the number of regressors.
The conventional Durbin-Watson tables are not applicable when you do not have
a constant term in the regression. Instead, you must refer to an appropriate set of
Durbin-Watson tables. The conventional Durbin-Watson tables are also not
applicable when a lagged dependent variable appears among the regressors. Durbin
has proposed alternative test procedures for this case.
Statisticians have compiled Durbin-Watson tables from some special cases,
including:
Regressions with a full set of quarterly seasonal dummies.
Regressions with an intercept and a linear trend variable (CURVEFIT

MODEL=LINEAR).
Regressions with a full set of quarterly seasonal dummies and a linear trend

variable.
1

2
Appendix A

In addition to obtaining the Durbin-Watson statistic for residuals from REGRESSION,

you should also plot the ACF and PACF of the residuals series. The plots might suggest
either that the residuals are random, or that they follow some ARMA process. If the
residuals resemble an AR1 process, you can estimate an appropriate regression using
the AREG procedure. If the residuals follow any ARMA process, you can estimate an
appropriate regression using the ARIMA procedure.
In this appendix, we have reproduced two sets of tables. Savin and White (1977)
present tables for sample sizes ranging from 6 to 200 and for 1 to 20 regressors for
models in which an intercept is included. Farebrother (1980) presents tables for sample
sizes ranging from 2 to 200 and for 0 to 21 regressors for models in which an intercept
is not included.
Lets consider an example of how to use the tables. In Chapter 9, we look at the
classic Durbin and Watson data set concerning consumption of spirits. The sample size
is 69, there are 2 regressors, and there is an intercept term in the model. The DurbinWatson test statistic value is 0.24878. We want to test the null hypothesis of zero
autocorrelation in the residuals against the alternative that the residuals are positively
autocorrelated at the 1% level of significance. If you examine the Savin and White
tables (Table A.2 and Table A.3), you will not find a row for sample size 69, so go to
the next lowest sample size with a tabulated row, namely N=65. Since there are two
regressors, find the column labeled k=2. Cross-referencing the indicated row and
column, you will find that the printed bounds are dL = 1.377 and dU = 1.500. If the
observed value of the test statistic is less than the tabulated lower bound, then you
should reject the null hypothesis of non-autocorrelated errors in favor of the hypothesis
of positive first-order autocorrelation. Since 0.24878 is less than 1.377, we reject the
null hypothesis. If the test statistic value were greater than dU, we would not reject the
null hypothesis.
A third outcome is also possible. If the test statistic value lies between dL and dU,
the test is inconclusive. In this context, you might err on the side of conservatism and
not reject the null hypothesis.
For models with an intercept, if the observed test statistic value is greater than 2,
then you want to test the null hypothesis against the alternative hypothesis of negative
first-order autocorrelation. To do this, compute the quantity 4-d and compare this value
with the tabulated values of dL and dU as if you were testing for positive
autocorrelation.
When the regression does not contain an intercept term, refer to Farebrothers
tabulated values of the minimal bound, denoted dM (Table A.4 and Table A.5),
instead of Savin and Whites lower bound dL. In this instance, the upper bound is

3
Durbin-Watson Significance Tables

the conventional bound dU found in the Savin and White tables. To test for negative
first-order autocorrelation, use Table A.6 and Table A.7.
To continue with our example, had we run a regression with no intercept term, we
would cross-reference N equals 65 and k equals 2 in Farebrothers table. The
tabulated 1% minimal bound is 1.348.

4
Appendix A

Table A-1
Models with an intercept (from Savin and White)
Durbin-Watson Statistic: 1 Per Cent Significance Points of dL and dU
k*=1

k=2

k=3

k=4

k=5

k=6

k=7

k=8

k=9

k=10

n
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

dL
0.390
0.435
0.497
0.554
0.604
0.653
0.697
0.738
0.776
0.811
0.844
0.873
0.902
0.928
0.952
0.975
0.997
1.017
1.037
1.055

dU
1.142
1.036
1.003
0.998
1.001
1.010
1.023
1.038
1.054
1.070
1.086
1.102
1.118
1.133
1.147
1.161
1.174
1.186
1.199
1.210

dL
----0.294
0.345
0.408
0.466
0.519
0.569
0.616
0.660
0.700
0.738
0.773
0.805
0.835
0.862
0.889
0.915
0.938
0.959
0.981

dU
----1.676
1.489
1.389
1.333
1.297
1.274
1.261
1.254
1.252
1.253
1.255
1.259
1.264
1.270
1.276
1.284
1.290
1.298
1.305

dL
--------0.229
0.279
0.340
0.396
0.449
0.499
0.547
0.591
0.633
0.672
0.708
0.742
0.774
0.803
0.832
0.858
0.881
0.906

dU
--------2.102
1.875
1.733
1.640
1.575
1.526
1.490
1.465
1.447
1.432
1.422
1.416
1.410
1.408
1.407
1.407
1.407
1.408

dL
------------0.183
0.230
0.286
0.339
0.391
0.441
0.487
0.532
0.574
0.614
0.650
0.684
0.718
0.748
0.777
0.805
0.832

dU
------------2.433
2.193
2.030
1.913
1.826
1.757
1.705
1.664
1.631
1.604
1.583
1.567
1.554
1.543
1.535
1.527
1.521

dL
----------------0.150
0.193
0.244
0.294
0.343
0.390
0.437
0.481
0.522
0.561
0.598
0.634
0.666
0.699
0.728
0.756

dU
----------------2.690
2.453
2.280
2.150
2.049
1.967
1.901
1.847
1.803
1.767
1.736
1.712
1.691
1.674
1.659
1.645

dL
--------------------0.124
0.164
0.211
0.257
0.303
0.349
0.393
0.435
0.476
0.515
0.552
0.587
0.620
0.652
0.682

dU
--------------------2.892
2.665
2.490
2.354
2.244
2.153
2.078
2.015
1.963
1.918
1.881
1.849
1.821
1.797
1.776

dL
------------------------0.105
0.140
0.183
0.226
0.269
0.313
0.355
0.396
0.436
0.474
0.510
0.545
0.578
0.610

dU
------------------------3.053
2.838
2.667
2.530
2.416
2.319
2.238
2.169
2.110
2.059
2.015
1.977
1.944
1.915

dL
----------------------------0.090
0.122
0.161
0.200
0.241
0.282
0.322
0.362
0.400
0.437
0.473
0.507
0.540

dU
----------------------------3.182
2.981
2.817
2.681
2.566
2.467
2.381
2.308
2.244
2.188
2.140
2.097
2.059

dL
--------------------------------0.078
0.107
0.142
0.179
0.216
0.255
0.294
0.331
0.368
0.404
0.439
0.473

dU
--------------------------------3.287
3.101
2.944
2.811
2.697
2.597
2.510
2.434
2.367
2.308
2.255
2.209

dL
------------------------------------0.068
0.094
0.127
0.160
0.196
0.232
0.268
0.304
0.340
0.375
0.409

dU
------------------------------------3.374
3.201
3.053
2.925
2.813
2.174
2.625
2.548
2.479
2.417
2.362

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200

1.072
1.088
1.104
1.119
1.134
1.147
1.160
1.171
1.184
1.195
1.205
1.217
1.227
1.237
1.246
1.288
1.324
1.356
1.382
1.407
1.429
1.448
1.465
1.481
1.496
1.510
1.522
1.611
1.664

1.222
1.232
1.244
1.254
1.264
1.274
1.283
1.291
1.298
1.307
1.315
1.322
1.330
1.337
1.344
1.376
1.403
1.428
1.449
1.467
1.485
1.501
1.514
1.529
1.541
1.552
1.562
1.637
1.684

1.000
1.019
1.036
1.053
1.070
1.085
1.100
1.114
1.128
1.141
1.153
1.164
1.176
1.187
1.197
1.245
1.285
1.320
1.351
1.377
1.400
1.422
1.440
1.458
1.474
1.489
1.502
1.598
1.653

1.311
1.318
1.325
1.332
1.339
1.345
1.351
1.358
1.364
1.370
1.376
1.383
1.388
1.392
1.398
1.424
1.445
1.466
1.484
1.500
1.514
1.529
1.541
1.553
1.563
1.573
1.582
1.651
1.693

0.928
0.948
0.969
0.988
1.006
1.022
1.039
1.055
1.070
1.085
1.098
1.112
1.124
1.137
1.149
1.201
1.245
1.284
1.317
1.346
1.372
1.395
1.416
1.434
1.452
1.468
1.482
1.584
1.643

1.410
1.413
1.414
1.418
1.421
1.425
1.428
1.432
1.436
1.439
1.442
1.446
1.449
1.452
1.456
1.474
1.491
1.505
1.520
1.534
1.546
1.557
1.568
1.577
1.587
1.596
1.604
1.665
1.704

0.855
0.878
0.901
0.921
0.941
0.960
0.978
0.995
1.012
1.028
1.043
1.058
1.072
1.085
1.098
1.156
1.206
1.246
1.283
1.314
1.343
1.368
1.390
1.411
1.429
1.446
1.461
1.571
1.633

1.517
1.514
1.512
1.511
1.510
1.509
1.509
1.510
1.511
1.512
1.513
1.514
1.515
1.517
1.518
1.528
1.537
1.548
1.559
1.568
1.577
1.586
1.595
1.603
1.611
1.618
1.625
1.679
1.715

0.782
0.808
0.832
0.855
0.877
0.897
0.917
0.935
0.954
0.971
0.987
1.004
1.019
1.033
1.047
1.111
1.164
1.209
1.248
1.283
1.313
1.340
1.364
1.386
1.406
1.425
1.441
1.557
1.623

1.635
1.625
1.618
1.611
1.606
1.601
1.597
1.594
1.591
1.589
1.587
1.585
1.584
1.583
1.583
1.583
1.587
1.592
1.598
1.604
1.611
1.617
1.624
1.630
1.636
1.641
1.647
1.693
1.725

0.711
0.738
0.764
0.788
0.812
0.834
0.856
0.876
0.896
0.914
0.932
0.950
0.966
0.982
0.997
1.065
1.123
1.172
1.214
1.251
1.283
1.313
1.338
1.362
1.383
1.403
1.421
1.543
1.613

1.759
1.743
1.729
1.718
1.707
1.698
1.690
1.683
1.677
1.671
1.666
1.662
1.658
1.655
1.652
1.643
1.639
1.638
1.639
1.642
1.645
1.649
1.653
1.657
1.661
1.666
1.670
1.708
1.735

0.640
0.669
0.696
0.723
0.748
0.772
0.794
0.816
0.837
0.857
0.877
0.895
0.913
0.930
0.946
1.019
1.081
1.134
1.179
1.218
1.253
1.284
1.312
1.337
1.360
1.381
1.400
1.530
1.603

1.889
1.867
1.847
1.830
1.814
1.800
1.788
1.776
1.766
1.757
1.749
1.742
1.735
1.729
1.724
1.704
1.692
1.685
1.682
1.680
1.680
1.682
1.683
1.685
1.687
1.690
1.693
1.722
1.746

0.572
0.602
0.630
0.658
0.684
0.710
0.734
0.757
0.779
0.800
0.821
0.841
0.860
0.878
0.895
0.974
1.039
1.095
1.144
1.186
1.223
1.256
1.285
1.312
1.336
1.358
1.378
1.515
1.592

2.026
1.997
1.970
1.947
1.925
1.906
1.889
1.874
1.860
1.847
1.836
1.825
1.816
1.807
1.799
1.768
1.748
1.734
1.726
1.720
1.716
1.714
1.714
1.714
1.714
1.715
1.717
1.737
1.757

0.505
0.536
0.566
0.595
0.622
0.649
0.674
0.698
0.722
0.744
0.766
0.787
0.807
0.826
0.844
0.927
0.997
1.057
1.108
1.153
1.192
1.227
1.259
1.287
1.312
1.336
1.357
1.501
1.582

2.168
2.131
2.098
2.068
2.041
2.017
1.995
1.975
1.957
1.940
1.925
1.911
1.899
1.887
1.876
1.834
1.805
1.785
1.771
1.761
1.754
1.748
1.745
1.743
1.741
1.741
1.741
1.752
1.768

0.441
0.473
0.504
0.533
0.562
0.589
0.615
0.641
0.665
0.689
0.711
0.733
0.754
0.774
0.749
0.881
0.955
1.018
1.072
1.120
1.162
1.199
1.232
1.262
1.288
1.313
1.335
1.486
1.571

2.313
2.269
2.229
2.193
2.160
2.131
2.104
2.080
2.057
2.037
2.018
2.001
1.985
1.970
1.956
1.902
1.864
1.837
1.817
1.802
1.792
1.783
1.777
1.773
1.769
1.767
1.765
1.767
1.779

*k is the number of regressors excluding the intercept

5
Durbin-Watson Significance Tables

k*=11
n
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200

dL
0.060
0.084
0.113
0.145
0.178
0.212
0.246
0.281
0.315
0.348
0.381
0.413
0.444
0.474
0.503
0.531
0.558
0.585
0.610
0.634
0.658
0.680
0.702
0.723
0.744
0.835
0.913
0.979
1.037
1.087
1.131
1.170
1.205
1.236
1.264
1.290
1.314
1.473
1.561

dU
3.446
3.286
3.146
3.023
2.914
2.817
2.729
2.651
2.580
2.517
2.460
2.409
2.363
2.321
2.283
2.248
2.216
2.187
2.160
2.136
2.113
2.092
2.073
2.055
2.039
1.972
1.925
1.891
1.865
1.845
1.831
1.819
1.810
1.803
1.798
1.793
1.790
1.783
1.791

k=12
dL
----0.053
0.075
0.102
0.131
0.162
0.194
0.227
0.260
0.292
0.324
0.356
0.387
0.417
0.447
0.475
0.503
0.530
0.556
0.581
0.605
0.628
0.651
0.673
0.694
0.790
0.871
0.940
1.001
1.053
1.099
1.141
1.177
1.210
1.240
1.267
1.292
1.458
1.550

dU
----3.506
3.358
3.227
3.109
3.004
2.909
2.822
2.744
2.674
2.610
2.552
2.499
2.451
2.407
2.367
2.330
2.296
2.266
2.237
2.210
2.186
2.164
2.143
2.123
2.044
1.987
1.945
1.914
1.889
1.870
1.856
1.844
1.834
1.827
1.821
1.816
1.799
1.801

k=13
dL
--------0.047
0.067
0.092
0.119
0.148
0.178
0.209
0.240
0.272
0.303
0.333
0.363
0.393
0.422
0.450
0.477
0.503
0.529
0.554
0.578
0.601
0.623
0.645
0.744
0.829
0.902
0.965
1.020
1.068
1.111
1.150
1.184
1.215
1.244
1.270
1.444
1.539

dU
--------3.557
3.420
3.297
3.185
3.084
2.991
2.906
2.829
2.758
2.694
2.635
2.582
2.533
2.487
2.446
2.408
2.373
2.340
2.310
2.282
2.256
2.232
2.210
2.118
2.051
2.002
1.964
1.934
1.911
1.893
1.878
1.866
1.856
1.848
1.841
1.814
1.813

k=14
dL
------------0.043
0.061
0.084
0.109
0.136
0.165
0.194
0.224
0.253
0.283
0.313
0.342
0.371
0.399
0.426
0.452
0.478
0.504
0.528
0.552
0.575
0.597
0.700
0.787
0.863
0.929
0.986
1.037
1.082
1.122
1.158
1.191
1.221
1.248
1.429
1.528

dU
------------3.601
3.474
3.358
3.252
3.155
3.065
2.982
2.906
2.836
2.772
2.713
2.659
2.609
2.563
2.520
2.481
2.444
2.410
2.379
2.350
2.323
2.297
2.193
2.116
2.059
2.015
1.980
1.953
1.931
1.913
1.898
1.886
1.876
1.868
1.830
1.824

k=15
dL
----------------0.038
0.055
0.077
0.100
0.125
0.152
0.180
0.208
0.237
0.266
0.294
0.322
0.350
0.377
0.404
0.430
0.455
0.480
0.504
0.528
0.551
0.655
0.746
0.825
0.893
0.953
1.005
1.052
1.094
1.132
1.166
1.197
1.225
1.414
1.518

*k is the number of regressors excluding the intercept

dU
----------------3.639
3.521
3.412
3.311
3.218
3.131
3.050
2.976
2.907
2.843
2.785
2.730
2.680
2.633
2.590
2.550
2.512
2.477
2.445
2.414
2.386
2.269
2.182
2.117
2.067
2.027
1.995
1.970
1.949
1.931
1.917
1.905
1.895
1.847
1.836

k=16
dL
--------------------0.035
0.050
0.070
0.092
0.116
0.141
0.167
0.194
0.222
0.249
0.277
0.304
0.331
0.357
0.383
0.409
0.434
0.458
0.482
0.505
0.612
0.705
0.786
0.857
0.919
0.974
1.023
1.066
1.106
1.141
1.174
1.203
1.400
1.507

dU
--------------------3.671
3.562
3.459
3.363
3.274
3.191
3.113
3.040
2.972
2.909
2.851
2.797
2.746
2.699
2.655
2.614
2.576
2.540
2.507
2.476
2.346
2.250
2.176
2.120
2.075
2.038
2.009
1.984
1.965
1.948
1.943
1.922
1.863
1.847

k=17
dL
------------------------0.032
0.046
0.065
0.085
0.107
0.131
0.156
0.182
0.208
0.234
0.261
0.287
0.313
0.339
0.364
0.389
0.414
0.438
0.461
0.570
0.665
0.748
0.822
0.886
0.943
0.993
1.039
1.080
1.116
1.150
1.181
1.385
1.495

dU
------------------------3.700
3.597
3.501
3.410
3.325
3.245
3.169
3.098
3.032
2.970
2.912
2.858
2.808
2.761
2.717
2.675
2.637
2.600
2.566
2.424
2.318
2.237
2.173
2.123
2.082
2.049
2.022
1.999
1.979
1.963
1.949
1.880
1.860

k=18
dL
----------------------------0.029
0.043
0.060
0.079
0.100
0.122
0.146
0.171
0.193
0.221
0.246
0.272
0.297
0.322
0.347
0.371
0.395
0.418
0.528
0.625
0.711
0.786
0.852
0.911
0.964
1.011
1.053
1.091
1.126
1.158
1.370
1.484

dU
----------------------------3.725
3.629
3.538
3.452
3.371
3.294
3.220
3.152
3.087
3.026
2.969
2.915
2.865
2.818
2.774
2.733
2.694
2.657
2.503
2.387
2.298
2.227
2.172
2.127
2.090
2.059
2.033
2.012
1.993
1.977
1.897
1.871

k=19
dL
--------------------------------0.027
0.039
0.055
0.073
0.093
0.114
0.137
0.160
0.184
0.209
0.233
0.257
0.282
0.306
0.330
0.354
0.377
0.488
0.586
0.674
0.751
0.819
0.880
0.934
0.983
1.027
1.066
1.102
1.136
1.355
1.474

dU
--------------------------------3.747
3.657
3.572
3.490
3.412
3.338
3.267
3.201
3.137
3.078
3.022
2.969
2.919
2.872
2.828
2.787
2.748
2.582
2.456
2.359
2.283
2.221
2.172
2.131
2.097
2.068
2.044
2.023
2.006
1.913
1.883

k=20
dL
------------------------------------0.025
0.036
0.051
0.068
0.087
0.107
0.128
0.151
0.174
0.197
0.221
0.244
0.268
0.291
0.315
0.338
0.448
0.548
0.637
0.716
0.789
0.849
0.905
0.955
1.000
1.041
1.079
1.113
1.340
1.462

dU
------------------------------------3.766
3.682
3.602
3.524
3.450
3.379
3.311
3.246
3.184
3.126
3.071
3.019
2.969
2.923
2.879
2.838
2.661
2.526
2.421
2.338
2.272
2.217
2.172
2.135
2.104
2.077
2.054
2.034
1.931
1.896

6
Appendix A

Table A-2
Models with an intercept (from Savin and White)
Durbin-Watson Statistic: 5 Per Cent Significance Points of dL and dU
k*=1

k=2

k=3

k=4

k=5

k=6

k=7

k=8

k=9

k=10

n
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

dL
0.610
0.700
0.763
0.824
0.879
0.927
0.971
1.010
1.045
1.077
1.106
1.133
1.158
1.180
1.201
1.221
1.239
1.257
1.273
1.288

dU
1.400
1.356
1.332
1.320
1.320
1.324
1.331
1.340
1.350
1.361
1.371
1.381
1.391
1.401
1.411
1.420
1.429
1.437
1.446
1.454

dL
----0.467
0.559
0.629
0.697
0.758
0.812
0.861
0.905
0.946
0.982
1.015
1.046
1.074
1.100
1.125
1.147
1.168
1.188
1.206

dU
----1.896
1.777
1.699
1.641
1.604
1.579
1.562
1.551
1.543
1.539
1.536
1.535
1.536
1.537
1.538
1.541
1.543
1.546
1.550

dL
--------0.367
0.455
0.525
0.595
0.658
0.715
0.767
0.814
0.857
0.897
0.933
0.967
0.998
1.026
1.053
1.078
1.101
1.123

dU
--------2.287
2.128
2.016
1.928
1.864
1.816
1.779
1.750
1.728
1.710
1.696
1.685
1.676
1.669
1.664
1.660
1.656
1.654

dL
------------0.296
0.376
0.444
0.512
0.574
0.632
0.685
0.734
0.779
0.820
0.859
0.894
0.927
0.958
0.986
1.013
1.038

dU
------------2.588
2.414
2.283
2.177
2.094
2.030
1.977
1.935
1.900
1.872
1.848
1.828
1.812
1.797
1.785
1.775
1.767

dL
----------------0.243
0.315
0.380
0.444
0.505
0.562
0.615
0.664
0.710
0.752
0.792
0.829
0.863
0.895
0.925
0.953

dU
----------------2.822
2.645
2.506
2.390
2.296
2.220
2.157
2.104
2.060
2.023
1.991
1.964
1.940
1.920
1.902
1.886

dL
--------------------0.203
0.268
0.328
0.389
0.447
0.502
0.554
0.603
0.649
0.691
0.731
0.769
0.804
0.837
0.868

dU
--------------------3.004
2.832
2.692
2.572
2.471
2.388
2.318
2.258
2.206
2.162
2.124
2.090
2.061
2.035
2.013

dL
------------------------0.171
0.230
0.286
0.343
0.398
0.451
0.502
0.549
0.595
0.637
0.677
0.715
0.750
0.784

dU
------------------------3.149
2.985
2.848
2.727
2.624
2.537
2.461
2.396
2.339
2.290
2.246
2.208
2.174
2.144

dL
----------------------------0.147
0.200
0.251
0.304
0.356
0.407
0.456
0.502
0.546
0.588
0.628
0.666
0.702

dU
----------------------------3.266
3.111
2.979
2.860
2.757
2.668
2.589
2.521
2.461
2.407
2.360
2.318
2.280

dL
--------------------------------0.127
0.175
0.222
0.272
0.321
0.369
0.416
0.461
0.504
0.545
0.584
0.621

dU
--------------------------------3.360
3.216
3.090
2.975
2.873
2.783
2.704
2.633
2.571
2.514
2.464
2.419

dL
------------------------------------0.111
0.155
0.198
0.244
0.290
0.336
0.380
0.424
0.465
0.506
0.544

dU
------------------------------------3.438
3.304
3.184
3.073
2.974
2.885
2.806
2.735
2.670
2.613
2.560

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200

1.302
1.316
1.328
1.341
1.352
1.363
1.373
1.383
1.393
1.402
1.411
1.419
1.427
1.435
1.442
1.475
1.503
1.528
1.549
1.567
1.583
1.598
1.611
1.624
1.635
1.645
1.654
1.720
1.758

1.461
1.469
1.476
1.483
1.489
1.496
1.502
1.508
1.514
1.519
1.525
1.530
1.535
1.540
1.544
1.566
1.585
1.601
1.616
1.629
1.641
1.652
1.662
1.671
1.679
1.687
1.694
1.747
1.779

1.224
1.240
1.255
1.270
1.284
1.297
1.309
1.321
1.333
1.343
1.354
1.364
1.373
1.382
1.391
1.430
1.462
1.490
1.514
1.536
1.554
1.571
1.586
1.600
1.612
1.623
1.634
1.706
1.748

1.553
1.556
1.560
1.563
1.567
1.570
1.574
1.577
1.580
1.584
1.587
1.590
1.594
1.597
1.600
1.615
1.628
1.641
1.652
1.662
1.672
1.680
1.688
1.696
1.703
1.709
1.715
1.760
1.789

1.143
1.162
1.181
1.198
1.214
1.229
1.244
1.258
1.271
1.283
1.295
1.307
1.318
1.328
1.338
1.383
1.421
1.452
1.480
1.503
1.525
1.543
1.560
1.575
1.589
1.602
1.613
1.693
1.738

1.652
1.651
1.650
1.650
1.650
1.650
1.650
1.651
1.652
1.653
1.654
1.655
1.656
1.658
1.659
1.666
1.674
1.681
1.689
1.696
1.703
1.709
1.715
1.721
1.726
1.732
1.736
1.774
1.799

1.062
1.084
1.104
1.124
1.143
1.160
1.177
1.193
1.208
1.222
1.236
1.249
1.261
1.273
1.285
1.336
1.378
1.414
1.444
1.471
1.494
1.515
1.534
1.550
1.566
1.579
1.592
1.679
1.728

1.759
1.753
1.747
1.743
1.739
1.735
1.732
1.730
1.728
1.726
1.724
1.723
1.722
1.722
1.721
1.720
1.721
1.724
1.727
1.731
1.735
1.739
1.743
1.747
1.751
1.755
1.758
1.788
1.809

0.979
1.004
1.028
1.050
1.071
1.090
1.109
1.127
1.144
1.160
1.175
1.190
1.204
1.218
1.230
1.287
1.335
1.374
1.408
1.438
1.464
1.487
1.507
1.525
1.542
1.557
1.571
1.665
1.718

1.873
1.861
1.850
1.841
1.833
1.825
1.819
1.813
1.808
1.803
1.799
1.795
1.792
1.789
1.786
1.776
1.771
1.768
1.767
1.767
1.768
1.770
1.772
1.774
1.776
1.778
1.780
1.802
1.820

0.897
0.925
0.951
0.975
0.998
1.020
1.041
1.061
1.079
1.097
1.114
1.131
1.146
1.161
1.175
1.238
1.291
1.334
1.372
1.404
1.433
1.458
1.480
1.500
1.518
1.535
1.550
1.651
1.707

1.992
1.974
1.959
1.944
1.931
1.920
1.909
1.900
1.891
1.884
1.876
1.870
1.864
1.859
1.854
1.835
1.822
1.814
1.808
1.805
1.802
1.801
1.801
1.801
1.801
1.802
1.803
1.817
1.831

0.816
0.845
0.874
0.900
0.926
0.950
0.972
0.994
1.015
1.034
1.053
1.071
1.088
1.104
1.120
1.189
1.246
1.294
1.335
1.370
1.401
1.428
1.453
1.474
1.494
1.512
1.528
1.637
1.697

2.117
2.093
2.071
2.052
2.034
2.018
2.004
1.991
1.978
1.967
1.957
1.948
1.939
1.932
1.924
1.895
1.875
1.861
1.850
1.843
1.838
1.834
1.831
1.829
1.827
1.827
1.826
1.832
1.841

0.735
0.767
0.798
0.826
0.854
0.879
0.904
0.927
0.950
0.971
0.991
1.011
1.029
1.047
1.064
1.139
1.201
1.253
1.298
1.336
1.369
1.399
1.425
1.448
1.469
1.489
1.506
1.622
1.686

2.246
2.216
2.188
2.164
2.141
2.120
2.102
2.085
2.069
2.054
2.041
2.029
2.017
2.007
1.997
1.958
1.930
1.909
1.894
1.882
1.874
1.867
1.861
1.857
1.854
1.852
1.850
1.846
1.852

0.657
0.691
0.723
0.753
0.782
0.810
0.836
0.861
0.885
0.908
0.930
0.951
0.970
0.990
1.008
1.089
1.156
1.212
1.260
1.301
1.337
1.369
1.397
1.422
1.445
1.465
1.484
1.608
1.675

2.379
2.342
2.309
2.278
2.251
2.226
2.203
2.181
2.162
2.144
2.127
2.112
2.098
2.085
2.072
2.022
1.986
1.959
1.939
1.923
1.910
1.901
1.893
1.886
1.881
1.877
1.874
1.862
1.863

0.581
0.616
0.649
0.681
0.712
0.741
0.769
0.796
0.821
0.845
0.868
0.891
0.912
0.932
0.952
1.038
1.110
1.170
1.222
1.266
1.305
1.339
1.369
1.396
1.420
1.442
1.462
1.593
1.665

2.513
2.470
2.431
2.396
2.363
2.333
2.306
2.281
2.257
2.236
2.216
2.197
2.180
2.164
2.149
2.088
2.044
2.010
1.984
1.964
1.948
1.935
1.925
1.916
1.909
1.903
1.898
1.877
1.874

*k is the number of regressors excluding the intercept

7
Durbin-Watson Significance Tables

k*=11
n
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200

dL
0.098
0.138
0.177
0.220
0.263
0.307
0.349
0.391
0.431
0.470
0.508
0.544
0.578
0.612
0.643
0.674
0.703
0.731
0.758
0.783
0.808
0.831
0.854
0.875
0.896
0.988
1.064
1.129
1.184
1.231
1.272
1.308
1.340
1.369
1.395
1.418
1.439
1.579
1.654

dU
3.503
3.378
3.265
3.159
3.063
2.976
2.897
2.826
2.761
2.702
2.649
2.600
2.555
2.515
2.477
2.443
2.411
2.382
2.355
2.330
2.306
2.285
2.265
2.246
2.228
2.156
2.103
2.062
2.031
2.006
1.987
1.970
1.957
1.946
1.937
1.930
1.923
1.892
1.885

k=12
dL
----0.087
0.123
0.160
0.200
0.240
0.281
0.322
0.362
0.400
0.438
0.475
0.510
0.544
0.577
0.608
0.638
0.668
0.695
0.722
0.748
0.772
0.796
0.819
0.840
0.938
1.019
1.087
1.145
1.195
1.239
1.277
1.311
1.342
1.369
1.394
1.416
1.564
1.643

dU
----3.557
3.441
3.335
3.234
3.141
3.057
2.979
2.908
2.844
2.784
2.730
2.680
2.634
2.592
2.553
2.517
2.484
2.454
2.425
2.398
2.374
2.351
2.329
2.309
2.225
2.163
2.116
2.079
2.049
2.026
2.006
1.991
1.977
1.966
1.956
1.948
1.908
1.896

k=13
dL
--------0.078
0.111
0.145
0.182
0.220
0.259
0.297
0.335
0.373
0.409
0.445
0.479
0.512
0.545
0.576
0.606
0.634
0.662
0.689
0.714
0.739
0.763
0.785
0.887
0.973
1.045
1.106
1.160
1.206
1.247
1.283
1.315
1.344
1.370
1.393
1.550
1.632

dU
--------3.603
3.496
3.395
3.300
3.211
3.128
3.053
2.983
2.919
2.859
2.805
2.755
2.708
2.665
2.625
2.588
2.554
2.521
2.492
2.464
2.438
2.413
2.391
2.296
2.225
2.170
2.127
2.093
2.066
2.043
2.024
2.009
1.995
1.984
1.974
1.924
1.908

k=14
dL
------------0.070
0.100
0.132
0.166
0.202
0.239
0.275
0.312
0.348
0.383
0.418
0.451
0.484
0.515
0.546
0.575
0.604
0.631
0.657
0.683
0.707
0.731
0.838
0.927
1.003
1.068
1.124
1.172
1.215
1.253
1.287
1.318
1.345
1.371
1.535
1.621

dU
------------3.642
3.542
3.448
3.358
3.272
3.193
3.119
3.051
2.987
2.928
2.874
2.823
2.776
2.733
2.692
2.654
2.619
2.586
2.555
2.526
2.499
2.473
2.367
2.287
2.225
2.177
2.138
2.106
2.080
2.059
2.040
2.025
2.012
2.000
1.940
1.919

k=15
dL
----------------0.063
0.091
0.120
0.153
0.186
0.221
0.256
0.291
0.325
0.359
0.392
0.425
0.457
0.488
0.518
0.547
0.575
0.602
0.628
0.653
0.678
0.788
0.882
0.961
1.029
1.088
1.139
1.184
1.224
1.260
1.292
1.321
1.347
1.519
1.610

*K is the number of regressors excluding the intercept

dU
----------------3.676
3.583
3.495
3.409
3.327
3.251
3.179
3.112
3.050
2.992
2.937
2.887
2.840
2.796
2.754
2.716
2.680
2.646
2.614
2.585
2.557
2.439
2.350
2.281
2.227
2.183
2.148
2.118
2.093
2.073
2.055
2.040
2.026
1.956
1.931

k=16
dL
--------------------0.058
0.083
0.110
0.141
0.172
0.205
0.238
0.271
0.305
0.337
0.370
0.401
0.432
0.462
0.492
0.520
0.548
0.575
0.600
0.626
0.740
0.836
0.919
0.990
1.052
1.105
1.153
1.195
1.232
1.266
1.296
1.324
1.504
1.599

dU
--------------------3.705
3.619
3.535
3.454
3.376
3.303
3.233
3.168
3.107
3.050
2.996
2.946
2.899
2.854
2.813
2.774
2.738
2.703
2.671
2.641
2.512
2.414
2.338
2.278
2.229
2.189
2.156
2.129
2.105
2.085
2.068
2.053
1.972
1.943

k=17
dL
------------------------0.052
0.076
0.101
0.130
0.160
0.191
0.222
0.254
0.286
0.317
0.349
0.379
0.409
0.439
0.467
0.495
0.522
0.549
0.575
0.692
0.792
0.877
0.951
1.016
1.072
1.121
1.165
1.205
1.240
1.271
1.301
1.489
1.588

dU
------------------------3.731
3.650
3.572
3.494
3.420
3.349
3.283
3.219
3.160
3.103
3.050
3.000
2.954
2.910
2.868
2.829
2.792
2.757
2.724
2.586
2.479
2.396
2.330
2.276
2.232
2.195
2.165
2.139
2.116
2.097
2.080
1.989
1.955

k=18
dL
----------------------------0.048
0.070
0.094
0.120
0.149
0.178
0.208
0.238
0.269
0.299
0.329
0.359
0.388
0.417
0.445
0.472
0.499
0.525
0.644
0.747
0.836
0.913
0.980
1.038
1.090
1.136
1.177
1.213
1.247
1.277
1.474
1.576

dU
----------------------------3.753
3.678
3.604
3.531
3.460
3.392
3.327
3.266
3.208
3.153
3.100
3.051
3.005
2.961
2.920
2.880
2.843
2.808
2.659
2.544
2.454
2.382
2.323
2.275
2.235
2.201
2.172
2.148
2.126
2.108
2.006
1.967

k=19
dL
--------------------------------0.044
0.065
0.087
0.112
0.138
0.166
0.195
0.224
0.253
0.283
0.312
0.340
0.369
0.397
0.424
0.451
0.477
0.598
0.703
0.795
0.874
0.944
1.005
1.058
1.106
1.149
1.187
1.222
1.253
1.458
1.565

dU
--------------------------------3.773
3.702
3.632
3.563
3.495
3.431
3.368
3.309
3.252
3.198
3.147
3.099
3.053
3.009
2.968
2.929
2.829
2.733
2.610
2.512
2.434
2.371
2.318
2.275
2.238
2.206
2.179
2.156
2.135
2.023
1.979

k=20
dL
------------------------------------0.041
0.060
0.081
0.104
0.129
0.156
0.183
0.211
0.239
0.267
0.295
0.323
0.351
0.378
0.404
0.430
0.553
0.660
0.754
0.836
0.908
0.971
1.027
1.076
1.121
1.160
1.197
1.229
1.443
1.554

dU
------------------------------------3.790
3.724
3.658
3.592
3.528
3.465
3.406
3.348
3.293
3.240
3.190
3.142
3.097
3.054
3.013
2.974
2.807
2.675
2.571
2.487
2.419
2.362
2.315
2.275
2.241
2.211
2.186
2.164
2.040
1.991

8
Appendix A

Table A-3
Models with no intercept (from Farebrother): Positive serial correlation
Durbin-Watson One Per Cent Minimal Bound
N

K=0

K=1

K=2

K=3

K=4

K=5

K=6

K=7

K=8

K=9

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200

0.001
0.034
0.127
0.233
0.322
0.398
0.469
0.534
0.591
0.643
0.691
0.733
0.773
0.809
0.842
0.873
0.901
0.928
0.952
0.976
0.997
1.018
1.037
1.056
1.073
1.089
1.105
1.120
1.134
1.147
1.160
1.173
1.185
1.196
1.207
1.217
1.228
1.237
1.247
1.289
1.325
1.356
1.383
1.408
1.429
1.448
1.466
1.482
1.497
1.510
1.523
1.611
1.664

----0.000
0.022
0.089
0.175
0.253
0.324
0.394
0.457
0.515
0.568
0.617
0.662
0.703
0.741
0.776
0.808
0.839
0.867
0.893
0.918
0.942
0.964
0.984
1.004
1.023
1.040
1.057
1.073
1.088
1.103
1.117
1.130
1.143
1.155
1.167
1.178
1.189
1.200
1.247
1.287
1.321
1.351
1.378
1.401
1.423
1.442
1.459
1.475
1.490
1.503
1.598
1.654

--------0.000
0.014
0.065
0.135
0.202
0.268
0.333
0.394
0.451
0.503
0.552
0.598
0.640
0.679
0.715
0.749
0.780
0.810
0.838
0.864
0.889
0.912
0.934
0.955
0.974
0.993
1.011
1.028
1.044
1.060
1.075
1.089
1.102
1.116
1.128
1.140
1.152
1.204
1.248
1.286
1.319
1.348
1.373
1.396
1.417
1.436
1.453
1.469
1.483
1.585
1.644

------------0.000
0.010
0.049
0.106
0.164
0.223
0.284
0.341
0.396
0.448
0.496
0.541
0.583
0.623
0.660
0.694
0.727
0.757
0.786
0.813
0.839
0.863
0.886
0.908
0.929
0.948
0.967
0.985
1.002
1.018
1.034
1.049
1.063
1.077
1.090
1.103
1.160
1.208
1.250
1.285
1.317
1.345
1.369
1.392
1.412
1.431
1.448
1.463
1.571
1.634

----------------0.000
0.008
0.038
0.086
0.136
0.189
0.244
0.298
0.350
0.400
0.447
0.491
0.533
0.572
0.609
0.644
0.677
0.709
0.738
0.766
0.792
0.817
0.841
0.864
0.885
0.905
0.925
0.944
0.961
0.978
0.995
1.010
1.026
1.040
1.054
1.116
1.168
1.213
1.252
1.286
1.316
1.342
1.367
1.388
1.408
1.426
1.443
1.558
1.624

--------------------0.000
0.006
0.031
0.070
0.114
0.161
0.212
0.262
0.311
0.358
0.404
0.447
0.488
0.527
0.564
0.599
0.632
0.664
0.693
0.722
0.749
0.774
0.798
0.822
0.844
0.865
0.885
0.904
0.923
0.940
0.957
0.974
0.989
1.004
1.071
1.128
1.176
1.218
1.254
1.286
1.315
1.341
1.364
1.385
1.405
1.422
1.544
1.613

------------------------0.000
0.005
0.025
0.059
0.097
0.139
0.185
0.232
0.278
0.323
0.366
0.408
0.448
0.486
0.523
0.558
0.591
0.622
0.652
0.681
0.708
0.734
0.759
0.782
0.805
0.826
0.847
0.867
0.886
0.904
0.921
0.938
0.954
1.026
1.087
1.139
1.183
1.222
1.257
1.287
1.315
1.340
1.362
1.383
1.402
1.530
1.603

----------------------------0.000
0.004
0.021
0.050
0.083
0.121
0.163
0.206
0.249
0.292
0.333
0.374
0.413
0.450
0.486
0.520
0.553
0.584
0.614
0.643
0.670
0.696
0.721
0.745
0.768
0.790
0.811
0.831
0.850
0.869
0.887
0.904
0.981
1.046
1.101
1.149
1.190
1.227
1.260
1.289
1.315
1.339
1.361
1.381
1.516
1.593

--------------------------------0.000
0.003
0.018
0.043
0.072
0.107
0.145
0.184
0.225
0.265
0.304
0.343
0.381
0.417
0.452
0.486
0.518
0.549
0.579
0.607
0.635
0.661
0.686
0.710
0.733
0.755
0.777
0.797
0.817
0.836
0.854
0.936
1.004
1.063
1.114
1.158
1.197
1.231
1.262
1.290
1.315
1.338
1.359
1.502
1.582

------------------------------------0.000
0.003
0.015
0.037
0.063
0.094
0.129
0.166
0.204
0.241
0.279
0.316
0.352
0.387
0.421
0.454
0.486
0.517
0.546
0.574
0.602
0.628
0.653
0.677
0.700
0.723
0.744
0.765
0.785
0.804
0.890
0.963
1.025
1.078
1.125
1.166
1.203
1.236
1.265
1.292
1.316
1.338
1.488
1.572

K=10 K=11 K=12 K=13 K=14 K=15 K=16 K=17 K=18 K=19 K=20 K=21
----------------------------------------0.000
0.002
0.013
0.032
0.056
0.084
0.116
0.150
0.185
0.221
0.257
0.292
0.327
0.361
0.394
0.426
0.457
0.487
0.516
0.544
0.571
0.597
0.622
0.646
0.669
0.692
0.713
0.734
0.754
0.845
0.921
0.987
1.043
1.092
1.136
1.174
1.209
1.240
1.268
1.293
1.317
1.474
1.561

--------------------------------------------0.000
0.002
0.011
0.028
0.050
0.075
0.105
0.136
0.169
0.203
0.237
0.270
0.304
0.336
0.368
0.400
0.430
0.460
0.488
0.516
0.542
0.568
0.593
0.617
0.640
0.663
0.684
0.705
0.800
0.880
0.948
1.008
1.059
1.105
1.146
1.182
1.214
1.244
1.271
1.295
1.460
1.551

------------------------------------------------0.000
0.002
0.010
0.025
0.044
0.068
0.095
0.124
0.155
0.187
0.219
0.251
0.283
0.314
0.345
0.376
0.405
0.434
0.462
0.489
0.516
0.541
0.566
0.590
0.613
0.635
0.657
0.755
0.838
0.910
0.972
1.026
1.074
1.117
1.155
1.189
1.220
1.248
1.273
1.445
1.540

----------------------------------------------------0.000
0.002
0.009
0.023
0.040
0.062
0.087
0.114
0.143
0.172
0.203
0.233
0.264
0.294
0.324
0.354
0.383
0.411
0.438
0.465
0.491
0.516
0.540
0.564
0.587
0.609
0.710
0.797
0.872
0.936
0.993
1.043
1.088
1.127
1.163
1.195
1.225
1.251
1.431
1.529

--------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.001
0.008
0.020
0.036
0.056
0.079
0.104
0.131
0.160
0.189
0.218
0.247
0.276
0.305
0.334
0.362
0.389
0.416
0.442
0.467
0.492
0.516
0.540
0.562
0.666
0.756
0.833
0.901
0.960
1.012
1.058
1.100
1.137
1.171
1.201
1.229
1.416
1.519

------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.001
0.007
0.018
0.033
0.051
0.073
0.096
0.122
0.148
0.176
0.204
0.232
0.260
0.288
0.315
0.342
0.369
0.395
0.421
0.446
0.470
0.494
0.517
0.623
0.715
0.796
0.865
0.927
0.981
1.029
1.072
1.111
1.146
1.178
1.207
1.402
1.508

----------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.001
0.006
0.017
0.030
0.047
0.067
0.089
0.113
0.138
0.164
0.191
0.217
0.244
0.271
0.298
0.324
0.350
0.376
0.401
0.425
0.449
0.473
0.581
0.675
0.758
0.830
0.894
0.950
1.000
1.045
1.085
1.121
1.155
1.185
1.387
1.497

--------------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.001
0.006
0.015
0.027
0.043
0.062
0.083
0.105
0.129
0.154
0.179
0.205
0.230
0.256
0.282
0.308
0.333
0.358
0.382
0.406
0.430
0.539
0.636
0.721
0.795
0.861
0.919
0.971
1.017
1.059
1.097
1.131
1.162
1.372
1.486

------------------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.001
0.005
0.014
0.025
0.040
0.057
0.077
0.098
0.120
0.144
0.168
0.193
0.218
0.243
0.268
0.292
0.317
0.341
0.365
0.388
0.499
0.597
0.684
0.760
0.828
0.888
0.941
0.989
1.033
1.072
1.108
1.140
1.357
1.475

----------------------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.001
0.005
0.013
0.023
0.037
0.053
0.071
0.091
0.113
0.135
0.158
0.182
0.206
0.230
0.254
0.278
0.302
0.325
0.349
0.459
0.559
0.647
0.725
0.795
0.857
0.912
0.962
1.006
1.047
1.084
1.118
1.342
1.434

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.001
0.004
0.012
0.022
0.034
0.050
0.067
0.086
0.106
0.127
0.149
0.172
0.195
0.218
0.241
0.265
0.288
0.311
0.421
0.521
0.611
0.691
0.762
0.826
0.883
0.934
0.980
1.022
1.060
1.095
1.327
1.453

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.001
0.004
0.011
0.020
0.032
0.046
0.062
0.080
0.100
0.120
0.141
0.163
0.185
0.207
0.230
0.252
0.275
0.384
0.485
0.576
0.657
0.730
0.795
0.854
0.907
0.954
0.997
1.037
1.072
1.312
1.442

9
Durbin-Watson Significance Tables

Table A-4
Models with no intercept (from Farebrother): Positive serial correlation
Durbin-Watson Five Per Cent Minimal Bound
N
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
55
60

K=0
0.012
0.168
0.355
0.478
0.584
0.677
0.754
0.820
0.877
0.927
0.972
1.012
1.047
1.079
1.109
1.136
1.160
1.183
1.204
1.224
1.242
1.259
1.275
1.290
1.304
1.318
1.330
1.342
1.354
1.365
1.375
1.385
1.394
1.403
1.412
1.420
1.428
1.436
1.443
1.476
1.504
1.528
1.549

K=1
----0.006
0.105
0.248
0.358
0.462
0.556
0.635
0.706
0.768
0.823
0.872
0.916
0.955
0.992
1.024
1.055
1.082
1.108
1.132
1.154
1.175
1.194
1.212
1.229
1.245
1.260
1.275
1.288
1.301
1.313
1.325
1.336
1.347
1.357
1.367
1.376
1.385
1.394
1.432
1.464
1.492
1.516

K=2
--------0.004
0.070
0.180
0.275
0.371
0.460
0.539
0.610
0.674
0.731
0.783
0.829
0.872
0.911
0.946
0.979
1.010
1.038
1.064
1.088
1.111
1.132
1.152
1.171
1.188
1.205
1.221
1.236
1.250
1.264
1.277
1.289
1.301
1.312
1.323
1.333
1.343
1.387
1.424
1.455
1.482

K=3
------------0.002
0.050
0.136
0.217
0.303
0.385
0.460
0.530
0.593
0.651
0.704
0.752
0.797
0.837
0.875
0.910
0.942
0.972
1.000
1.026
1.050
1.073
1.094
1.115
1.134
1.152
1.169
1.185
1.201
1.216
1.230
1.243
1.256
1.268
1.280
1.291
1.341
1.382
1.417
1.447

K=4
----------------0.002
0.037
0.106
0.175
0.251
0.326
0.397
0.464
0.525
0.583
0.635
0.684
0.729
0.771
0.810
0.846
0.879
0.911
0.940
0.967
0.993
1.017
1.040
1.062
1.082
1.101
1.120
1.137
1.153
1.169
1.184
1.199
1.212
1.225
1.238
1.294
1.340
1.379
1.412

K=5
--------------------0.001
0.029
0.085
0.143
0.211
0.279
0.345
0.408
0.467
0.523
0.575
0.624
0.669
0.711
0.751
0.787
0.822
0.854
0.884
0.913
0.940
0.965
0.989
1.011
1.033
1.053
1.072
1.091
1.108
1.125
1.141
1.156
1.170
1.184
1.246
1.297
1.340
1.376

K=6
------------------------0.001
0.023
0.069
0.120
0.180
0.241
0.302
0.361
0.418
0.472
0.523
0.570
0.615
0.657
0.697
0.734
0.769
0.802
0.833
0.862
0.889
0.916
0.940
0.964
0.986
1.007
1.027
1.046
1.064
1.082
1.099
1.114
1.130
1.197
1.253
1.300
1.340

K=7
----------------------------0.001
0.019
0.058
0.101
0.154
0.210
0.266
0.322
0.376
0.427
0.476
0.523
0.567
0.609
0.648
0.685
0.720
0.753
0.785
0.815
0.843
0.869
0.895
0.919
0.942
0.963
0.984
1.004
1.023
1.041
1.058
1.075
1.148
1.209
1.260
1.303

K=8
--------------------------------0.001
0.016
0.049
0.087
0.134
0.185
0.237
0.288
0.339
0.388
0.436
0.481
0.524
0.565
0.604
0.641
0.676
0.709
0.741
0.770
0.799
0.826
0.852
0.876
0.900
0.922
0.943
0.964
0.983
1.002
1.020
1.099
1.164
1.219
1.266

K=9
------------------------------------0.001
0.013
0.042
0.075
0.118
0.164
0.211
0.260
0.307
0.354
0.400
0.443
0.485
0.525
0.563
0.600
0.635
0.668
0.699
0.729
0.758
0.785
0.811
0.836
0.860
0.883
0.905
0.925
0.945
0.965
1.049
1.120
1.179
1.229

K=10
----------------------------------------0.001
0.011
0.036
0.066
0.104
0.146
0.190
0.235
0.280
0.324
0.368
0.410
0.450
0.489
0.527
0.563
0.597
0.630
0.661
0.691
0.720
0.747
0.774
0.799
0.823
0.846
0.868
0.889
0.909
1.000
1.075
1.138
1.191

K=11
--------------------------------------------0.001
0.010
0.031
0.058
0.093
0.131
0.171
0.213
0.256
0.298
0.339
0.380
0.419
0.457
0.493
0.529
0.562
0.595
0.626
0.653
0.684
0.712
0.738
0.763
0.787
0.811
0.833
0.854
0.950
1.029
1.096
1.153

K=12
------------------------------------------------0.001
0.008
0.028
0.052
0.083
0.118
0.156
0.195
0.235
0.274
0.314
0.353
0.390
0.427
0.463
0.497
0.530
0.562
0.593
0.623
0.651
0.678
0.705
0.730
0.754
0.778
0.800
0.900
0.984
1.055
1.115

K=13
----------------------------------------------------0.001
0.007
0.025
0.046
0.075
0.107
0.142
0.178
0.216
0.254
0.291
0.328
0.365
0.400
0.435
0.468
0.501
0.532
0.563
0.592
0.620
0.647
0.673
0.698
0.723
0.746
0.851
0.939
1.013
1.077

K=14
--------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.007
0.022
0.041
0.067
0.097
0.130
0.164
0.199
0.235
0.271
0.306
0.341
0.376
0.409
0.442
0.474
0.504
0.534
0.563
0.591
0.618
0.644
0.669
0.693
0.802
0.894
0.972
1.038

K=15
------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.006
0.020
0.037
0.061
0.089
0.119
0.151
0.184
0.218
0.252
0.286
0.320
0.353
0.386
0.418
0.449
0.479
0.508
0.536
0.564
0.590
0.616
0.641
0.753
0.849
0.930
1.000

K=16
----------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.005
0.018
0.034
0.056
0.081
0.110
0.140
0.171
0.203
0.236
0.268
0.301
0.333
0.364
0.395
0.425
0.455
0.483
0.511
0.538
0.564
0.590
0.706
0.804
0.889
0.962

K=17
--------------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.005
0.016
0.031
0.051
0.075
0.101
0.130
0.159
0.190
0.221
0.252
0.283
0.314
0.344
0.374
0.404
0.432
0.460
0.488
0.514
0.540
0.658
0.760
0.848
0.923

K=18
------------------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.004
0.015
0.028
0.047
0.069
0.094
0.120
0.148
0.177
0.207
0.237
0.267
0.297
0.326
0.355
0.384
0.412
0.439
0.466
0.492
0.612
0.717
0.807
0.885

K=19
----------------------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.004
0.014
0.026
0.044
0.064
0.087
0.112
0.139
0.166
0.195
0.223
0.252
0.280
0.309
0.337
0.365
0.392
0.419
0.445
0.567
0.674
0.766
0.847

K=20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.004
0.012
0.024
0.040
0.060
0.081
0.105
0.130
0.156
0.183
0.211
0.238
0.266
0.293
0.321
0.347
0.374
0.400
0.523
0.631
0.726
0.810

K=21
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0.000
0.003
0.011
0.022
0.037
0.055
0.076
0.098
0.122
0.147
0.173
0.199
0.225
0.252
0.279
0.305
0.331
0.357
0.480
0.590
0.687
0.772

65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200

1.568
1.584
1.599
1.612
1.624
1.635
1.645
1.654
1.720
1.759

1.537
1.555
1.572
1.587
1.600
1.613
1.624
1.634
1.706
1.748

1.505
1.526
1.545
1.561
1.576
1.590
1.603
1.614
1.693
1.738

1.474
1.497
1.517
1.536
1.552
1.567
1.581
1.593
1.679
1.728

1.441
1.467
1.489
1.509
1.527
1.544
1.559
1.573
1.666
1.718

1.408
1.436
1.461
1.483
1.502
1.520
1.537
1.551
1.652
1.708

1.375
1.405
1.432
1.456
1.477
1.497
1.514
1.530
1.638
1.697

1.341
1.374
1.403
1.429
1.452
1.472
1.491
1.508
1.624
1.687

1.307
1.342
1.373
1.401
1.426
1.448
1.468
1.487
1.609
1.676

1.272
1.310
1.344
1.373
1.400
1.423
1.445
1.465
1.595
1.666

1.238
1.278
1.313
1.345
1.373
1.399
1.422
1.442
1.580
1.655

1.202
1.245
1.283
1.317
1.347
1.373
1.398
1.420
1.566
1.644

1.167
1.213
1.253
1.288
1.320
1.348
1.374
1.397
1.551
1.633

1.132
1.180
1.222
1.259
1.293
1.323
1.350
1.374
1.536
1.622

1.096
1.147
1.191
1.230
1.266
1.297
1.326
1.352
1.521
1.611

1.061
1.113
1.160
1.201
1.238
1.271
1.301
1.328
1.506
1.600

1.025
1.080
1.129
1.172
1.211
1.245
1.277
1.305
1.491
1.589

0.989
1.047
1.098
1.143
1.183
1.219
1.252
1.282
1.476
1.578

0.953
1.013
1.066
1.113
1.155
1.193
1.227
1.258
1.461
1.567

0.918
0.980
1.035
1.084
1.128
1.167
1.202
1.235
1.445
1.556

0.882
0.947
1.004
1.054
1.100
1.141
1.177
1.211
1.430
1.544

0.847
0.914
0.972
1.025
1.072
1.114
1.152
1.187
1.414
1.533

10
Appendix A

Table A-5
Models with no intercept (from Farebrother): Negative serial correlation
Durbin-Watson Ninety Five Per Cent Minimal Bound
N
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
55
60

K=0
1.988
2.761
2.871
2.857
2.844
2.828
2.805
2.783
2.762
2.742
2.723
2.705
2.688
2.672
2.657
2.644
2.631
2.618
2.607
2.596
2.585
2.575
2.566
2.557
1.073
1.089
1.105
1.120
1.134
1.147
1.160
1.173
1.185
1.196
1.207
1.217
1.228
1.237
1.247
1.289
1.325
1.356
1.383

K=1
----0.994
1.836
2.178
2.320
2.398
2.453
2.483
2.501
2.511
2.516
2.518
2.517
2.515
2.512
2.508
2.504
2.499
2.494
2.489
2.484
2.479
2.474
2.470
1.004
1.023
1.040
1.057
1.073
1.088
1.103
1.117
1.130
1.143
1.155
1.167
1.178
1.189
1.200
1.247
1.287
1.321
1.351

K=2
--------0.582
1.267
1.655
1.871
2.008
2.110
2.181
2.231
2.268
2.296
2.316
2.332
2.344
2.353
2.359
2.364
2.368
2.370
2.372
2.373
2.373
2.373
0.934
0.955
0.974
0.993
1.011
1.028
1.044
1.060
1.075
1.089
1.102
1.116
1.128
1.140
1.152
1.204
1.248
1.286
1.319

K=3
------------0.380
0.917
1.283
1.521
1.687
1.816
1.913
1.987
2.044
2.090
2.126
2.155
2.179
2.199
2.215
2.228
2.239
2.249
2.257
2.263
2.269
0.863
0.886
0.908
0.929
0.948
0.967
0.985
1.002
1.018
1.034
1.049
1.063
1.077
1.090
1.103
1.160
1.208
1.250
1.285

K=4
----------------0.266
0.690
1.017
1.251
1.427
1.569
1.682
1.771
1.843
1.902
1.950
1.990
2.024
2.053
2.077
2.098
2.116
2.131
2.145
2.156
0.792
0.817
0.841
0.864
0.885
0.905
0.925
0.944
0.961
0.978
0.995
1.010
1.026
1.040
1.054
1.116
1.168
1.213
1.252

K=5
--------------------0.197
0.537
0.823
1.044
1.218
1.364
1.484
1.582
1.664
1.732
1.789
1.838
1.880
1.916
1.947
1.974
1.998
2.019
2.037
0.722
0.749
0.774
0.798
0.822
0.844
0.865
0.885
0.904
0.923
0.940
0.957
0.974
0.989
1.004
1.071
1.128
1.176
1.218

K=6
------------------------0.151
0.429
0.678
0.881
1.049
1.193
1.316
1.419
1.506
1.580
1.644
1.699
1.747
1.789
1.825
1.858
1.886
1.912
0.652
0.681
0.708
0.734
0.759
0.782
0.805
0.826
0.847
0.867
0.886
0.904
0.921
0.938
0.954
1.026
1.087
1.139
1.183

K=7
----------------------------0.120
0.350
0.567
0.752
0.911
1.051
1.172
1.276
1.367
1.445
1.513
1.573
1.625
1.671
1.712
1.749
1.782
0.584
0.614
0.643
0.670
0.696
0.721
0.745
0.768
0.790
0.811
0.831
0.850
0.869
0.887
0.904
0.981
1.046
1.101
1.149

K=8
--------------------------------0.097
0.291
0.481
0.649
0.797
0.931
1.049
1.153
1.244
1.324
1.395
1.457
1.513
1.563
1.607
1.647
0.518
0.549
0.579
0.607
0.635
0.661
0.686
0.710
0.733
0.755
0.777
0.797
0.817
0.836
0.854
0.936
1.004
1.063
1.114

K=9
------------------------------------0.080
0.245
0.413
0.565
0.703
0.829
0.944
1.045
1.136
1.216
1.289
1.353
1.411
1.463
1.510
0.454
0.486
0.517
0.546
0.574
0.602
0.628
0.653
0.677
0.700
0.723
0.744
0.765
0.785
0.804
0.890
0.963
1.025
1.078

K=10
----------------------------------------0.068
0.210
0.358
0.497
0.624
0.743
0.852
0.951
1.040
1.120
1.193
1.258
1.318
1.371
0.394
0.426
0.457
0.487
0.516
0.544
0.571
0.597
0.622
0.646
0.669
0.692
0.713
0.734
0.754
0.845
0.921
0.987
1.043

K=11
--------------------------------------------0.058
0.181
0.314
0.439
0.557
0.669
0.773
0.868
0.955
1.034
1.107
1.172
1.232
0.336
0.368
0.400
0.430
0.460
0.488
0.516
0.542
0.568
0.593
0.617
0.640
0.663
0.684
0.705
0.800
0.880
0.948
1.008

K=12
------------------------------------------------0.050
0.158
0.277
0.391
0.501
0.605
0.704
0.796
0.880
0.957
1.029
1.094
0.283
0.314
0.345
0.376
0.405
0.434
0.462
0.489
0.516
0.541
0.566
0.590
0.613
0.635
0.657
0.755
0.838
0.910
0.972

K=13
----------------------------------------------------0.043
0.139
0.246
0.351
0.452
0.550
0.644
0.731
0.813
0.888
0.958
0.233
0.264
0.294
0.324
0.354
0.383
0.411
0.438
0.465
0.491
0.516
0.540
0.564
0.587
0.609
0.710
0.797
0.872
0.936

K=14
--------------------------------------------------------0.038
0.124
0.220
0.316
0.410
0.502
0.591
0.674
0.753
0.826
0.189
0.218
0.247
0.276
0.305
0.334
0.362
0.389
0.416
0.442
0.467
0.492
0.516
0.540
0.562
0.666
0.756
0.833
0.901

K=15
------------------------------------------------------------0.034
0.110
0.198
0.286
0.373
0.460
0.544
0.623
0.699
0.148
0.176
0.204
0.232
0.260
0.288
0.315
0.342
0.369
0.395
0.421
0.446
0.470
0.494
0.517
0.623
0.715
0.796
0.865

K=16
----------------------------------------------------------------0.030
0.099
0.179
0.260
0.341
0.422
0.502
0.578
0.113
0.138
0.164
0.191
0.217
0.244
0.271
0.298
0.324
0.350
0.376
0.401
0.425
0.449
0.473
0.581
0.675
0.758
0.830

K=17
--------------------------------------------------------------------0.027
0.090
0.162
0.238
0.313
0.389
0.465
0.083
0.105
0.129
0.154
0.179
0.205
0.230
0.256
0.282
0.308
0.333
0.358
0.382
0.406
0.430
0.539
0.636
0.721
0.795

K=18
------------------------------------------------------------------------0.025
0.081
0.148
0.218
0.289
0.360
0.057
0.077
0.098
0.120
0.144
0.168
0.193
0.218
0.243
0.268
0.292
0.317
0.341
0.365
0.388
0.499
0.597
0.684
0.760

K=19
----------------------------------------------------------------------------0.022
0.074
0.136
0.201
0.267
0.037
0.053
0.071
0.091
0.113
0.135
0.158
0.182
0.206
0.230
0.254
0.278
0.302
0.325
0.349
0.459
0.559
0.647
0.725

K=20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------0.020
0.068
0.125
0.185
0.022
0.034
0.050
0.067
0.086
0.106
0.127
0.149
0.172
0.195
0.218
0.241
0.265
0.288
0.311
0.421
0.521
0.611
0.691

K=21
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0.019
0.062
0.115
0.011
0.020
0.032
0.046
0.062
0.080
0.100
0.120
0.141
0.163
0.185
0.207
0.230
0.252
0.275
0.384
0.485
0.576
0.657

65 1.408
70 1.429
75 1.448
80 1.466
85 1.482
90 1.497
95 1.510
100 1.523
150 1.611
200 1.664

1.378
1.401
1.423
1.442
1.459
1.475
1.490
1.503
1.598
1.654

1.348
1.373
1.396
1.417
1.436
1.453
1.469
1.483
1.585
1.644

1.317
1.345
1.369
1.392
1.412
1.431
1.448
1.463
1.571
1.634

1.286
1.316
1.342
1.367
1.388
1.408
1.426
1.443
1.558
1.624

1.254
1.286
1.315
1.341
1.364
1.385
1.405
1.422
1.544
1.613

1.222
1.257
1.287
1.315
1.340
1.362
1.383
1.402
1.530
1.603

1.190
1.227
1.260
1.289
1.315
1.339
1.361
1.381
1.516
1.593

1.158
1.197
1.231
1.262
1.290
1.315
1.338
1.359
1.502
1.582

1.125
1.166
1.203
1.236
1.265
1.292
1.316
1.338
1.488
1.572

1.092
1.136
1.174
1.209
1.240
1.268
1.293
1.317
1.474
1.561

1.059
1.105
1.146
1.182
1.214
1.244
1.271
1.295
1.460
1.551

1.026
1.074
1.117
1.155
1.189
1.220
1.248
1.273
1.445
1.540

0.993
1.043
1.088
1.127
1.163
1.195
1.225
1.251
1.431
1.529

0.960
1.012
1.058
1.100
1.137
1.171
1.201
1.229
1.416
1.519

0.927
0.981
1.029
1.072
1.111
1.146
1.178
1.207
1.402
1.508

0.894
0.950
1.000
1.045
1.085
1.121
1.155
1.185
1.387
1.497

0.861
0.919
0.971
1.017
1.059
1.097
1.131
1.162
1.372
1.486

0.828
0.888
0.941
0.989
1.033
1.072
1.108
1.140
1.357
1.475

0.795
0.857
0.912
0.962
1.006
1.047
1.084
1.118
1.342
1.464

0.762
0.826
0.883
0.934
0.980
1.022
1.060
1.095
1.327
1.453

0.730
0.795
0.854
0.907
0.954
0.997
1.037
1.072
1.312
1.442

11
Durbin-Watson Significance Tables

Table A-6
Models with no intercept (from Farebrother): Negative serial correlation
Durbin-Watson Ninety Nine Per Cent Minimal Bound
N
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
55
60

K=0
1.999
2.951
3.221
3.261
3.235
3.198
3.166
3.133
3.101
3.071
3.043
3.017
2.992
2.969
2.948
2.927
2.908
2.890
2.874
2.858
2.842
2.828
2.814
2.801
2.789
2.777
2.766
2.755
2.745
2.735
2.725
2.716
2.707
2.699
2.690
2.683
2.675
2.667
2.660
2.628
2.600
2.575
2.553

K=1
----0.999
1.967
2.462
2.682
2.776
2.817
2.837
2.847
2.847
2.843
2.836
2.828
2.818
2.808
2.797
2.787
2.776
2.766
2.756
2.746
2.736
2.727
2.717
2.709
2.700
2.692
2.684
2.676
2.668
2.661
2.654
2.647
2.640
2.634
2.627
2.621
2.615
2.609
2.583
2.559
2.538
2.519

K=2
--------0.586
1.359
1.878
2.177
2.347
2.448
2.514
2.560
2.592
2.612
2.626
2.635
2.640
2.643
2.644
2.643
2.641
2.638
2.635
2.631
2.627
2.623
2.618
2.614
2.609
2.604
2.600
2.595
2.590
2.586
2.581
2.576
2.572
2.567
2.563
2.559
2.555
2.535
2.516
2.500
2.484

K=3
------------0.382
0.983
1.459
1.776
1.983
2.121
2.220
2.294
2.349
2.391
2.423
2.447
2.466
2.480
2.492
2.500
2.506
2.511
2.515
2.517
2.518
2.519
2.519
2.519
2.518
2.517
2.515
2.514
2.512
2.510
2.508
2.506
2.503
2.501
2.499
2.496
2.484
2.471
2.459
2.448

K=4
----------------0.268
0.740
1.158
1.465
1.684
1.842
1.961
2.054
2.127
2.185
2.231
2.269
2.299
2.324
2.344
2.361
2.375
2.387
2.396
2.404
2.411
2.416
2.421
2.425
2.428
2.430
2.432
2.433
2.434
2.435
2.435
2.435
2.435
2.435
2.434
2.430
2.424
2.417
2.409

K=5
--------------------0.198
0.576
0.937
1.224
1.441
1.607
1.737
1.842
1.928
1.997
2.055
2.102
2.142
2.176
2.204
2.228
2.249
2.267
2.282
2.295
2.306
2.316
2.325
2.332
2.339
2.344
2.349
2.353
2.357
2.360
2.363
2.365
2.367
2.369
2.374
2.374
2.373
2.370

K=6
------------------------0.153
0.460
0.773
1.035
1.244
1.410
1.544
1.656
1.749
1.827
1.893
1.948
1.996
2.036
2.071
2.102
2.128
2.151
2.171
2.189
2.205
2.219
2.231
2.242
2.252
2.260
2.268
2.275
2.281
2.287
2.292
2.296
2.300
2.315
2.323
2.327
2.329

K=7
----------------------------0.121
0.375
0.647
0.885
1.082
1.244
1.379
1.494
1.591
1.675
1.746
1.807
1.861
1.907
1.947
1.983
2.014
2.042
2.066
2.088
2.107
2.125
2.140
2.155
2.167
2.179
2.189
2.199
2.207
2.215
2.222
2.229
2.253
2.269
2.280
2.286

K=8
--------------------------------0.098
0.312
0.549
0.764
0.948
1.104
1.237
1.351
1.451
1.538
1.613
1.678
1.736
1.786
1.831
1.871
1.906
1.938
1.966
1.991
2.014
2.035
2.053
2.070
2.086
2.100
2.113
2.124
2.135
2.145
2.154
2.190
2.214
2.231
2.242

K=9
------------------------------------0.081
0.263
0.471
0.666
0.837
0.985
1.114
1.227
1.327
1.415
1.492
1.561
1.621
1.675
1.723
1.766
1.805
1.839
1.871
1.899
1.925
1.948
1.970
1.989
2.007
2.023
2.038
2.052
2.065
2.077
2.124
2.157
2.180
2.197

K=10
----------------------------------------0.069
0.225
0.409
0.585
0.743
0.883
1.007
1.118
1.217
1.305
1.384
1.454
1.516
1.572
1.623
1.669
1.710
1.747
1.781
1.812
1.840
1.866
1.889
1.911
1.931
1.950
1.967
1.982
1.997
2.056
2.098
2.128
2.151

K=11
--------------------------------------------0.059
0.195
0.358
0.517
0.664
0.796
0.915
1.022
1.119
1.207
1.285
1.356
1.420
1.478
1.530
1.577
1.621
1.660
1.696
1.729
1.759
1.787
1.813
1.837
1.859
1.879
1.898
1.915
1.986
2.037
2.075
2.103

K=12
------------------------------------------------0.051
0.170
0.316
0.461
0.597
0.721
0.834
0.937
1.032
1.118
1.196
1.267
1.331
1.390
1.444
1.493
1.537
1.579
1.616
1.651
1.683
1.713
1.740
1.765
1.789
1.811
1.831
1.914
1.975
2.020
2.054

K=13
----------------------------------------------------0.044
0.150
0.281
0.413
0.539
0.656
0.763
0.862
0.954
1.038
1.115
1.186
1.250
1.309
1.364
1.414
1.460
1.502
1.541
1.577
1.611
1.642
1.670
1.697
1.722
1.746
1.841
1.911
1.964
2.004

K=14
--------------------------------------------------------0.039
0.133
0.251
0.372
0.489
0.598
0.700
0.796
0.884
0.966
1.042
1.111
1.176
1.235
1.290
1.340
1.387
1.430
1.470
1.507
1.542
1.574
1.604
1.632
1.659
1.767
1.847
1.907
1.954

K=15
------------------------------------------------------------0.035
0.119
0.226
0.337
0.446
0.548
0.645
0.736
0.821
0.901
0.975
1.043
1.107
1.166
1.221
1.272
1.319
1.363
1.404
1.442
1.477
1.510
1.541
1.570
1.691
1.781
1.849
1.902

K=16
----------------------------------------------------------------0.031
0.107
0.204
0.307
0.408
0.504
0.596
0.683
0.765
0.842
0.914
0.981
1.044
1.102
1.157
1.208
1.255
1.299
1.341
1.379
1.416
1.450
1.482
1.614
1.714
1.790
1.849

K=17
--------------------------------------------------------------------0.028
0.096
0.185
0.280
0.374
0.465
0.552
0.635
0.714
0.788
0.858
0.924
0.986
1.043
1.097
1.148
1.196
1.240
1.282
1.321
1.358
1.392
1.537
1.646
1.730
1.796

K=18
------------------------------------------------------------------------0.025
0.087
0.169
0.257
0.345
0.430
0.512
0.592
0.667
0.739
0.807
0.872
0.932
0.989
1.042
1.093
1.140
1.184
1.226
1.266
1.303
1.459
1.578
1.669
1.742

K=19
----------------------------------------------------------------------------0.023
0.080
0.155
0.237
0.319
0.399
0.477
0.553
0.625
0.695
0.761
0.823
0.882
0.938
0.991
1.041
1.088
1.132
1.174
1.213
1.381
1.509
1.608
1.687

K=20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------0.021
0.073
0.143
0.218
0.295
0.371
0.445
0.517
0.587
0.654
0.718
0.779
0.836
0.891
0.943
0.992
1.039
1.083
1.124
1.302
1.439
1.546
1.631

K=21
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0.019
0.067
0.132
0.202
0.274
0.346
0.416
0.485
0.552
0.617
0.678
0.737
0.794
0.847
0.898
0.947
0.993
1.036
1.224
1.370
1.484
1.576

65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200

2.534
2.516
2.500
2.486
2.473
2.460
2.449
2.438
2.363
2.317

2.503
2.487
2.473
2.461
2.449
2.438
2.428
2.418
2.349
2.307

2.470
2.458
2.446
2.436
2.425
2.415
2.406
2.398
2.336
2.296

2.437
2.427
2.417
2.408
2.399
2.391
2.384
2.377
2.322
2.286

2.402
2.395
2.387
2.380
2.374
2.367
2.361
2.355
2.308
2.276

2.366
2.361
2.357
2.352
2.347
2.342
2.338
2.333
2.294
2.265

2.329
2.327
2.325
2.323
2.320
2.317
2.314
2.310
2.279
2.255

2.290
2.292
2.293
2.293
2.292
2.291
2.289
2.287
2.265
2.244

2.250
2.256
2.260
2.262
2.263
2.264
2.264
2.264
2.250
2.233

2.210
2.219
2.226
2.231
2.234
2.237
2.239
2.240
2.235
2.222

2.168
2.181
2.191
2.198
2.204
2.209
2.212
2.215
2.220
2.211

2.125
2.142
2.155
2.165
2.174
2.181
2.186
2.190
2.204
2.200

2.081
2.102
2.118
2.132
2.143
2.152
2.159
2.165
2.188
2.189

2.036
2.061
2.081
2.098
2.111
2.122
2.131
2.139
2.173
2.177

1.990
2.020
2.043
2.063
2.079
2.092
2.103
2.113
2.156
2.166

1.944
1.977
2.005
2.027
2.046
2.061
2.075
2.086
2.140
2.154

1.896
1.934
1.965
1.991
2.012
2.030
2.046
2.059
2.124
2.142

1.848
1.891
1.926
1.954
1.979
1.999
2.016
2.031
2.107
2.131

1.799
1.846
1.885
1.917
1.944
1.967
1.986
2.003
2.090
2.119

1.750
1.802
1.844
1.879
1.909
1.935
1.956
1.975
2.073
2.106

1.700
1.756
1.802
1.841
1.874
1.902
1.926
1.946
2.056
2.094

1.650
1.710
1.760
1.803
1.838
1.869
1.895
1.917
2.039
2.082

Z Table
Entries in the body of the table represents areas under the curve between !4 and z
z

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.0

0.5000

0.5040

0.5080

0.5120

0.5160

0.5199

0.5239

0.5279

0.5319

0.5359

0.1

0.5398

0.5438

0.5478

0.5517

0.5557

0.5596

0.5636

0.5675

0.5714

0.5753

0.2

0.5793

0.5832

0.5871

0.5910

0.5948

0.5987

0.6026

0.6064

0.6103

0.6141

0.3

0.6179

0.6217

0.6255

0.6293

0.6331

0.6368

0.6406

0.6443

0.6480

0.6517

0.4

0.6554

0.6591

0.6628

0.6664

0.6700

0.6736

0.6772

0.6808

0.6844

0.6879

0.5

0.6915

0.6950

0.6985

0.7019

0.7054

0.7088

0.7123

0.7157

0.7190

0.7224

0.6

0.7257

0.7291

0.7324

0.7357

0.7389

0.7422

0.7454

0.7486

0.7517

0.7549

0.7

0.7580

0.7611

0.7642

0.7673

0.7704

0.7734

0.7764

0.7794

0.7823

0.7852

0.8

0.7881

0.7910

0.7939

0.7967

0.7995

0.8023

0.8051

0.8078

0.8106

0.8133

0.9

0.8159

0.8186

0.8212

0.8238

0.8264

0.8289

0.8315

0.8340

0.8365

0.8389

1.0

0.8413

0.8438

0.8461

0.8485

0.8508

0.8531

0.8554

0.8577

0.8599

0.8621

1.1

0.8643

0.8665

0.8686

0.8708

0.8729

0.8749

0.8770

0.8790

0.8810

0.8830

1.2

0.8849

0.8869

0.8888

0.8907

0.8925

0.8944

0.8962

0.8980

0.8997

0.9015

1.3

0.9032

0.9049

0.9066

0.9082

0.9099

0.9115

0.9131

0.9147

0.9162

0.9177

1.4

0.9192

0.9207

0.9222

0.9236

0.9251

0.9265

0.9279

0.9292

0.9306

0.9319

1.5

0.9332

0.9345

0.9357

0.9370

0.9382

0.9394

0.9406

0.9418

0.9429

0.9441

1.6

0.9452

0.9463

0.9474

0.9484

0.9495

0.9505

0.9515

0.9525

0.9535

0.9545

1.7

0.9554

0.9564

0.9573

0.9582

0.9591

0.9599

0.9608

0.9616

0.9625

0.9633

1.8

0.9641

0.9649

0.9656

0.9664

0.9671

0.9678

0.9686

0.9693

0.9699

0.9706

1.9

0.9713

0.9719

0.9726

0.9732

0.9738

0.9744

0.9750

0.9756

0.9761

0.9767

2.0

0.9772

0.9778

0.9783

0.9788

0.9793

0.9798

0.9803

0.9808

0.9812

0.9817

2.1

0.9821

0.9826

0.9830

0.9834

0.9838

0.9842

0.9846

0.9850

0.9854

0.9857

2.2

0.9861

0.9864

0.9868

0.9871

0.9875

0.9878

0.9881

0.9884

0.9887

0.9890

2.3

0.9893

0.9896

0.9898

0.9901

0.9904

0.9906

0.9909

0.9911

0.9913

0.9916

2.4

0.9918

0.9920

0.9922

0.9925

0.9927

0.9929

0.9931

0.9932

0.9934

0.9936

2.5

0.9938

0.9940

0.9941

0.9943

0.9945

0.9946

0.9948

0.9949

0.9951

0.9952

2.6

0.9953

0.9955

0.9956

0.9957

0.9959

0.9960

0.9961

0.9962

0.9963

0.9964

2.7

0.9965

0.9966

0.9967

0.9968

0.9969

0.9970

0.9971

0.9972

0.9973

0.9974

2.8

0.9974

0.9975

0.9976

0.9977

0.9977

0.9978

0.9979

0.9979

0.9980

0.9981

2.9

0.9981

0.9982

0.9982

0.9983

0.9984

0.9984

0.9985

0.9985

0.9986

0.9986

3.0

0.9987

0.9987

0.9987

0.9988

0.9988

0.9989

0.9989

0.9989

0.9990

0.9990

C:\DATA\StatPrimer\z-table.wpd (12/11/03)

t Table
cum. prob

t .50

t .75

t .80

t .85

t .90

t .95

t .975

t .99

t .995

t .999

t .9995

one-tail

0.50
1.00

0.25
0.50

0.20
0.40

0.15
0.30

0.10
0.20

0.05
0.10

0.025
0.05

0.01
0.02

0.005
0.01

0.001
0.002

0.0005

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

1.000
0.816
0.765
0.741
0.727
0.718
0.711
0.706
0.703
0.700
0.697
0.695
0.694
0.692
0.691
0.690
0.689
0.688
0.688
0.687
0.686
0.686
0.685
0.685
0.684
0.684
0.684
0.683
0.683
0.683
0.681
0.679
0.678
0.677
0.675

1.376
1.061
0.978
0.941
0.920
0.906
0.896
0.889
0.883
0.879
0.876
0.873
0.870
0.868
0.866
0.865
0.863
0.862
0.861
0.860
0.859
0.858
0.858
0.857
0.856
0.856
0.855
0.855
0.854
0.854
0.851
0.848
0.846
0.845
0.842

1.963
1.386
1.250
1.190
1.156
1.134
1.119
1.108
1.100
1.093
1.088
1.083
1.079
1.076
1.074
1.071
1.069
1.067
1.066
1.064
1.063
1.061
1.060
1.059
1.058
1.058
1.057
1.056
1.055
1.055
1.050
1.045
1.043
1.042
1.037

3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476
1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372
1.363
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341
1.337
1.333
1.330
1.328
1.325
1.323
1.321
1.319
1.318
1.316
1.315
1.314
1.313
1.311
1.310
1.303
1.296
1.292
1.290
1.282

6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132
2.015
1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833
1.812
1.796
1.782
1.771
1.761
1.753
1.746
1.740
1.734
1.729
1.725
1.721
1.717
1.714
1.711
1.708
1.706
1.703
1.701
1.699
1.697
1.684
1.671
1.664
1.660
1.646

12.71
4.303
3.182
2.776
2.571
2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228
2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145
2.131
2.120
2.110
2.101
2.093
2.086
2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064
2.060
2.056
2.052
2.048
2.045
2.042
2.021
2.000
1.990
1.984
1.962

31.82
6.965
4.541
3.747
3.365
3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821
2.764
2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624
2.602
2.583
2.567
2.552
2.539
2.528
2.518
2.508
2.500
2.492
2.485
2.479
2.473
2.467
2.462
2.457
2.423
2.390
2.374
2.364
2.330

63.66
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032
3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169
3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947
2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861
2.845
2.831
2.819
2.807
2.797
2.787
2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756
2.750
2.704
2.660
2.639
2.626
2.581

318.31
22.327
10.215
7.173
5.893
5.208
4.785
4.501
4.297
4.144
4.025
3.930
3.852
3.787
3.733
3.686
3.646
3.610
3.579
3.552
3.527
3.505
3.485
3.467
3.450
3.435
3.421
3.408
3.396
3.385
3.307
3.232
3.195
3.174
3.098

636.62
31.599
12.924
8.610
6.869
5.959
5.408
5.041
4.781
4.587
4.437
4.318
4.221
4.140
4.073
4.015
3.965
3.922
3.883
3.850
3.819
3.792
3.768
3.745
3.725
3.707
3.690
3.674
3.659
3.646
3.551
3.460
3.416
3.390
3.300

0.000

0.674

0.842

1.036

1.282

1.645

1.960

2.326

2.576

3.090

3.291

0%

50%

60%

70%

80%
90%
95%
Confidence Level

98%

99%

99.8%

99.9%

two-tails
df
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
80
100
1000

t-table.xls 7/14/2007

0.001

VassarStats: Table of Critical F Values (p. 2)

[top entry for .05 level; bottom entry for .01 level]
df numerator
1
2
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
29
29
30
30

10

11

12

13

14

4.49

3.63

3.24

3.01

2.85

2.74

2.66

2.59

2.54

2.49

2.46

2.42

2.40

2.37

8.53

6.23

5.29

4.77

4.44

4.20

4.03

3.89

3.78

3.69

3.62

3.55

3.50

3.45

4.45

3.59

3.20

2.96

2.81

2.70

2.61

2.55

2.49

2.45

2.41

2.38

2.35

2.33

8.40

6.11

5.19

4.67

4.34

4.10

3.93

3.79

3.68

3.59

3.52

3.46

3.40

3.35

4.41

3.55

3.16

2.93

2.77

2.66

2.58

2.51

2.46

2.41

2.37

2.34

2.31

2.29

8.29

6.01

5.09

4.58

4.25

4.01

3.84

3.71

3.60

3.51

3.43

3.37

3.32

3.27

4.38

3.52

3.13

2.90

2.74

2.63

2.54

2.48

2.42

2.38

2.34

2.31

2.28

2.26

8.18

5.93

5.01

4.50

4.17

3.94

3.77

3.63

3.52

3.43

3.36

3.30

3.24

3.19

4.35

3.49

3.10

2.87

2.71

2.60

2.51

2.45

2.39

2.35

2.31

2.28

2.25

2.22

8.10

5.85

4.94

4.43

4.10

3.87

3.70

3.56

3.46

3.37

3.29

3.23

3.18

3.13

4.32

3.47

3.07

2.84

2.68

2.57

2.49

2.42

2.37

2.32

2.28

2.25

2.22

2.20

8.02

5.78

4.87

4.37

4.04

3.81

3.64

3.51

3.40

3.31

3.24

3.17

3.12

3.07

4.30

3.44

3.05

2.82

2.66

2.55

2.46

2.40

2.34

2.30

2.26

2.23

2.20

2.17

7.95

5.72

4.82

4.31

3.99

3.76

3.59

3.45

3.35

3.26

3.18

3.12

3.07

3.02

4.28

3.42

3.03

2.80

2.64

2.53

2.44

2.37

2.32

2.27

2.24

2.20

2.18

2.15

7.88

5.66

4.76

4.26

3.94

3.71

3.54

3.41

3.30

3.21

3.14

3.07

3.02

2.97

4.26

3.40

3.01

2.78

2.62

2.51

2.42

2.36

2.30

2.25

2.22

2.18

2.15

2.13

7.82

5.61

4.72

4.22

3.90

3.67

3.50

3.36

3.26

3.17

3.09

3.03

2.98

2.93

4.24

3.39

2.99

2.76

2.60

2.49

2.40

2.34

2.28

2.24

2.20

2.16

2.14

2.11

7.77

5.57

4.68

4.18

3.85

3.63

3.46

3.32

3.22

3.13

3.06

2.99

2.94

2.89

4.23

3.37

2.98

2.74

2.59

2.47

2.39

2.32

2.27

2.22

2.18

2.15

2.12

2.09

7.72

5.53

4.64

4.14

3.82

3.59

3.42

3.29

3.18

3.09

3.02

2.96

2.90

2.86

4.21

3.35

2.96

2.73

2.57

2.46

2.37

2.31

2.25

2.20

2.17

2.13

2.10

2.08

7.68

5.49

4.60

4.11

3.78

3.56

3.39

3.26

3.15

3.06

2.99

2.93

2.87

2.82

4.20

3.34

2.95

2.71

2.56

2.45

2.36

2.29

2.24

2.19

2.15

2.12

2.09

2.06

7.64

5.45

4.57

4.07

3.75

3.53

3.36

3.23

3.12

3.03

2.96

2.90

2.84

2.79

4.18

3.33

2.93

2.70

2.55

2.43

2.35

2.28

2.22

2.18

2.14

2.10

2.08

2.05

7.60

5.42

4.54

4.04

3.73

3.50

3.33

3.20

3.09

3.00

2.93

2.87

2.81

2.77

4.17

3.32

2.92

2.69

2.53

2.42

2.33

2.27

2.21

2.16

2.13

2.09

2.06

2.04

7.56

5.39

4.51

4.02

3.70

3.47

3.30

3.17

3.07

2.98

2.91

2.84

2.79

2.74

0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01

VassarStats: Table of Critical F Values (p. 3)

[top entry for .05 level; bottom entry for .01 level]
df numerator
1
2
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
44
44
45
45

10

11

12

13

14

4.16

3.30

2.91

2.68

2.52

2.41

2.32

2.25

2.20

2.15

2.11

2.08

2.05

2.03

7.53

5.36

4.48

3.99

3.67

3.45

3.28

3.15

3.04

2.96

2.88

2.82

2.77

2.72

4.15

3.29

2.90

2.67

2.51

2.40

2.31

2.24

2.19

2.14

2.10

2.07

2.04

2.01

7.50

5.34

4.46

3.97

3.65

3.43

3.26

3.13

3.02

2.93

2.86

2.80

2.74

2.70

4.14

3.28

2.89

2.66

2.50

2.39

2.30

2.23

2.18

2.13

2.09

2.06

2.03

2.00

7.47

5.31

4.44

3.95

3.63

3.41

3.24

3.11

3.00

2.91

2.84

2.78

2.72

2.68

4.13

3.28

2.88

2.65

2.49

2.38

2.29

2.23

2.17

2.12

2.08

2.05

2.02

1.99

7.44

5.29

4.42

3.93

3.61

3.39

3.22

3.09

2.98

2.89

2.82

2.76

2.70

2.66

4.12

3.27

2.87

2.64

2.49

2.37

2.29

2.22

2.16

2.11

2.07

2.04

2.01

1.99

7.42

5.27

4.40

3.91

3.59

3.37

3.20

3.07

2.96

2.88

2.80

2.74

2.69

2.64

4.11

3.26

2.87

2.63

2.48

2.36

2.28

2.21

2.15

2.11

2.07

2.03

2.00

1.98

7.40

5.25

4.38

3.89

3.57

3.35

3.18

3.05

2.95

2.86

2.79

2.72

2.67

2.62

4.11

3.25

2.86

2.63

2.47

2.36

2.27

2.20

2.14

2.10

2.06

2.02

2.00

1.97

7.37

5.23

4.36

3.87

3.56

3.33

3.17

3.04

2.93

2.84

2.77

2.71

2.65

2.61

4.10

3.24

2.85

2.62

2.46

2.35

2.26

2.19

2.14

2.09

2.05

2.02

1.99

1.96

7.35

5.21

4.34

3.86

3.54

3.32

3.15

3.02

2.92

2.83

2.75

2.69

2.64

2.59

4.09

3.24

2.85

2.61

2.46

2.34

2.26

2.19

2.13

2.08

2.04

2.01

1.98

1.95

7.33

5.19

4.33

3.84

3.53

3.30

3.14

3.01

2.90

2.81

2.74

2.68

2.62

2.58

4.08

3.23

2.84

2.61

2.45

2.34

2.25

2.18

2.12

2.08

2.04

2.00

1.97

1.95

7.31

5.18

4.31

3.83

3.51

3.29

3.12

2.99

2.89

2.80

2.73

2.66

2.61

2.56

4.08

3.23

2.83

2.60

2.44

2.33

2.24

2.17

2.12

2.07

2.03

2.00

1.97

1.94

7.30

5.16

4.30

3.81

3.50

3.28

3.11

2.98

2.87

2.79

2.71

2.65

2.60

2.55

4.07

3.22

2.83

2.59

2.44

2.32

2.24

2.17

2.11

2.06

2.03

1.99

1.96

1.94

7.28

5.15

4.29

3.80

3.49

3.27

3.10

2.97

2.86

2.78

2.70

2.64

2.59

2.54

4.07

3.21

2.82

2.59

2.43

2.32

2.23

2.16

2.11

2.06

2.02

1.99

1.96

1.93

7.26

5.14

4.27

3.79

3.48

3.25

3.09

2.96

2.85

2.76

2.69

2.63

2.57

2.53

4.06

3.21

2.82

2.58

2.43

2.31

2.23

2.16

2.10

2.05

2.01

1.98

1.95

1.92

7.25

5.12

4.26

3.78

3.47

3.24

3.08

2.95

2.84

2.75

2.68

2.62

2.56

2.52

4.06

3.20

2.81

2.58

2.42

2.31

2.22

2.15

2.10

2.05

2.01

1.97

1.94

1.92

7.23

5.11

4.25

3.77

3.45

3.23

3.07

2.94

2.83

2.74

2.67

2.61

2.55

2.51

0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01

VassarStats: Table of Critical F Values (p. 4)

[top entry for .05 level; bottom entry for .01 level]
df numerator
1
2

10

11

12

13

14

50
50
55
55
60
60
65
65
70
70
80
80
90
90

4.03

3.18

2.79

2.56

2.40

2.29

2.20

2.13

2.07

2.03

1.99

1.95

1.92

1.89

7.17

5.06

4.20

3.72

3.41

3.19

3.02

2.89

2.78

2.70

2.63

2.56

2.51

2.46

4.02

3.16

2.77

2.54

2.38

2.27

2.18

2.11

2.06

2.01

1.97

1.93

1.90

1.88

7.12

5.01

4.16

3.68

3.37

3.15

2.98

2.85

2.75

2.66

2.59

2.53

2.47

2.42

4.00

3.15

2.76

2.53

2.37

2.25

2.17

2.10

2.04

1.99

1.95

1.92

1.89

1.86

7.08

4.98

4.13

3.65

3.34

3.12

2.95

2.82

2.72

2.63

2.56

2.50

2.44

2.39

3.99

3.14

2.75

2.51

2.36

2.24

2.15

2.08

2.03

1.98

1.94

1.90

1.87

1.85

7.04

4.95

4.10

3.62

3.31

3.09

2.93

2.80

2.69

2.61

2.53

2.47

2.42

2.37

3.98

3.13

2.74

2.50

2.35

2.23

2.14

2.07

2.02

1.97

1.93

1.89

1.86

1.84

7.01

4.92

4.07

3.60

3.29

3.07

2.91

2.78

2.67

2.59

2.51

2.45

2.40

2.35

3.96

3.11

2.72

2.49

2.33

2.21

2.13

2.06

2.00

1.95

1.91

1.88

1.84

1.82

6.96

4.88

4.04

3.56

3.26

3.04

2.87

2.74

2.64

2.55

2.48

2.42

2.36

2.31

3.95

3.10

2.71

2.47

2.32

2.20

2.11

2.04

1.99

1.94

1.90

1.86

1.83

1.80

6.93

4.85

4.01

3.53

3.23

3.01

2.84

2.72

2.61

2.52

2.45

2.39

2.33

2.29

100

3.94

3.09

2.70

2.46

2.31

2.19

2.10

2.03

1.97

1.93

1.89

1.85

1.82

1.79

100

6.90

4.82

3.98

3.51

3.21

2.99

2.82

2.69

2.59

2.50

2.43

2.37

2.31

2.27

110

3.93

3.08

2.69

2.45

2.30

2.18

2.09

2.02

1.97

1.92

1.88

1.84

1.81

1.78

110

6.87

4.80

3.96

3.49

3.19

2.97

2.81

2.68

2.57

2.49

2.41

2.35

2.30

2.25

120

3.92

3.07

2.68

2.45

2.29

2.18

2.09

2.02

1.96

1.91

1.87

1.83

1.80

1.78

120

6.85

4.79

3.95

3.48

3.17

2.96

2.79

2.66

2.56

2.47

2.40

2.34

2.28

2.23

130

3.91

3.07

2.67

2.44

2.28

2.17

2.08

2.01

1.95

1.90

1.86

1.83

1.80

1.77

130

6.83

4.77

3.94

3.47

3.16

2.94

2.78

2.65

2.55

2.46

2.39

2.32

2.27

2.22

140

3.91

3.06

2.67

2.44

2.28

2.16

2.08

2.01

1.95

1.90

1.86

1.82

1.79

1.76

140

6.82

4.76

3.92

3.46

3.15

2.93

2.77

2.64

2.54

2.45

2.38

2.31

2.26

2.21

160

3.90

3.05

2.66

2.43

2.27

2.16

2.07

2.00

1.94

1.89

1.85

1.81

1.78

1.75

160

6.80

4.74

3.91

3.44

3.13

2.92

2.75

2.62

2.52

2.43

2.36

2.30

2.24

2.20

180

3.89

3.05

2.65

2.42

2.26

2.15

2.06

1.99

1.93

1.88

1.84

1.81

1.77

1.75

180

6.78

4.73

3.89

3.43

3.12

2.90

2.74

2.61

2.51

2.42

2.35

2.28

2.23

2.18

200

3.89

3.04

2.65

2.42

2.26

2.14

2.06

1.98

1.93

1.88

1.84

1.80

1.77

1.74

200

6.76

4.71

3.88

3.41

3.11

2.89

2.73

2.60

2.50

2.41

2.34

2.27

2.22

2.17

0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01