1Health and Safety

November 10
Health
and
Safety 2009
This project is about personal protective equipment. The
different kind of safety equipment used in industry and
Project on
on construction site ppe

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Wh
at is meant by personal protective equipment (p.p.e) and what are some
types?
Personal protective equipment, or PPE, is designed to protect employees from
serious
workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological,
physical,
electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards.

So PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) refers to the equipment worn by workers to reduce their
exposure to hazards.
PPE includes such items as:
• eye protection (goggles, glasses)
• hearing protection (ear plugs, ear muffs);
• respiratory protection (respirators, face masks, cartridge filters)
• foot protection (safety boots)
• head protection (hard hats)
• body protection (aprons, safety harnesses).

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Note: PPE includes any substance used to protect health, for example, sun screen
Before using the ppe employees are required to have training about these things
• why it is necessary
• how it will protect them
• what are its limitation
• when and how to wear it
• how to identify sign of wear
• how to clean and disinfect I what its useful life and how it is disposed

Why do we use head protection?

Head protections are used in construction sites to protect the persons against falling object like
tools or any other materials that may be a hazard to him. It may also help in protecting the person
from bumping his head against beam or pipes. Some are use due to contact with electrical wiring
or component.

Selecting the right hard hat.

Class A: yellow hat
• general services(building constructions, shipbuilding, lumbering)
• good impact protection but limited voltage protection

Class B: blue hat

• Electrical/ Utility work

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• Protect against falling objects and high voltage shock and burns

Class C: white hat

• Design for comfort and limited protection
• Protects against bump from fixed objects but does not protect against falling
objects and electrical shock

Eye protection

When should eye protection should be provided?

When any of these hazards are presents:

• Dust or any other flying particles such as
metal shavings or sawdust
• Corrosive gases,vapours and liquid
• Molten metals that may splash
• Intense light from welding and lasers

There are 2 types of eye protection safety glasses and goggle.

Safety glasses
Made with metal and plastic frames and it is used for moderate impact from particle produced by
jobs such as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling.

Google
Protects eyes from impact dust and splashes. Some are fitted over with corrective lenses.

Welding shield
Protects eyes fom burn from radient light.It also protects face.

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Hearing protection

When its not possible to reduce the noise or its duration ear protective device must be used.

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Examples of ear protection

ear muffs

ear plugs

canal caps

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Foot protection
When does foot protection be provided?
• When there are presence of heavy object that might fall on feet
• Sharp object such as nails or spikes that might pierce ordinary shoes
• Molten metal that might splash on feet
• Slippery surfaces

Types of safety shoes

1. Impact resistant toes and heat resistant soles protect from hot surfaces common in roofing
and paving
2. Some have metals wound protect from puncture wounds
3. May be electrically conductive for use in explosive atmospheres or nonconductive to
protect from workplace electrical hazards

Most safety shoes have symbols on the outside, to indicate the protection the shoe offers.
Examples are

• Green Triangle indicates that it is a class 1 toe cap with puncture resistant sole.
• Yellow Triangle indicates that it is a class 2 toe cap with puncture resistant sole.
• White Square (with ohm symbol) indicates electrical protection.
• Yellow Square (with SD) indicates anti-static protection.
• Red Square (with C) indicates electrically conductive.
• Fir Tree indicates protection against chain-saws.

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Hand protection

When must hand protection be provided?

When any of these risk are present

• Burns
• Bruise
• Cuts
• Fracture
• Amputations
• Chemical exposure

What kind of protective gloves are present?

1. Durable gloves such as metals mesh, leather, canvas. It protects from cuts burns and heat.
2. Fabric and coated gloves. It protects from dirt and abrasion.
3. Chemical liquid and resistant gloves. Protect from burns, irritation and dermatitis.
4. Rubber gloves. Protect from cuts lacerations and abrasions.

There are a number of different European standards that relate to gloves. These include:
• BS EN388- Mechanical hazards including Abrasion, cut, tear and puncture.
• BS EN388:2003 - Protective Against Mechanical Rist (Abrasion/Blade Cut
Resistance/Tear Resistance/Abrasion Resistance)
• BS EN374-1:2003 Protective Against Chemical And Micro-Organisms
• BS EN374-2- Micro-organisms
• BS EN374-3- Chemicals
• BS EN420- General Requirements for gloves includes sizing and a number of health and
safety aspects including latex protein and chromium levels.
• BS EN60903- Electric shock

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• BS EN407- Heat resistance

• BS EN511- Cold resistance
• BS EN1149- Antistatic
These exist to fulfill the PPE requirements.
PPE places gloves into three categories:
1. Minimal risk - End user can easily identify risk. Risk is low.
2. Complex design- Used situations that can cause serious injury or death.
3. Intermediate - Gloves that don't fit into minimal risk or complex design categories.

Body protection
Major cause of body injuries
• Intense heat
• Splashes of hot metal and other liquids
• Impact from tools machinery and materials
• Cuts
• Hazardous chemical
• Radiation

Types of body protection

1. Vest
2. Aprons
3. Jacket
4. Coverolls
5. Full body suits

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