LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM ILMU TANAH HUTAN

ACARA I
PENGAMBILAN CONTOH TANAH
Oleh :
Nama : Rulli Sbekti
NIM : 133!1"!#S$#%!&3
Kel'm('k : I$)em(at*
C'+ A,, : -e,.
PROGRAM -IPLOMA III PENGELOLAAN HUTAN
SEKOLAH $OKASI
/AKULTAS KEHUTANAN
UNI$ERSITAS GA-0AH MA-A
1OG1AKARTA
2#1%
ACARA I
PENGAMBILAN CONTOH TANAH
I+ TU0UAN
1+ Maha,i,3a mam(u me45etahui ba5aima4a 6a7a (e45ambila4 6'4t'h
ta4ah
2+ Maha,i,3a me45etahui (e7be8aa4 (e45ambila4 6'4t'h ta4ah .a45
8i,e,uaika4 8e45a4 ,i9at:,i9at ta4ah .a45 aka4 8iu,ik+
II+ ALAT -AN BAHAN
1+ Ca45kul; 6eth'k; ,ek'(
2+ Pla,tik be7etiket
3+ Pi,au
%+ Ta45kai (e4<e(it tabu45 (e45ambil 6'4t'h ta4ah
!+ Ta4ah 8i a7eal lab'7at'7ium ,il=ikultu7 i4te4,i9; Klebe45a4; 8a4 <ala4
,eta(ak
>+ B'7; Tabu45 be7be4tuk ,ili48e7 atau 6i46i4 )6u(u*
III. CARA KER0A
Pe45ambila4 C'4t'h Ta4ah Te7u,ik
a+ Pe45ambila4 C'4t'h Ta4ah Te7u,ik 8alam P7'9il
1+ Memilih tem(at .a45 ti8ak te75e4a45 ai7; tak te7ke4a ,i4a7 mataha7i ,e6a7a
la45,u45; 8ata7; 8a4 me3akili tem(at ,ekita74.a+
2+ Me455ali luba45 u4tuk (7'9il ta4ah 8e45a4 8i48i45 te5ak lu7u, 8i,ebelah
uta7a,elata4 uku7a4 1?1?1 mete7++
3+ Me4a48ai la(i,a4 .a45 a8a be78a,a7ka4 3a74a; ,ua7a ketuka4; 8a4
keke7a,a4+
%+ Me46atat 6i7i m'79'l'5i; 6i7i:6i7i 8akhil (ela(i,a4; 8a4 me45ambil 1:2
kil'57am 6'4t'h ta4ah ke7i45 a45i4 tia( (e7la(i,a4+
b+ Pe45ambila4 C'4t'h Ta4ah Te7u,ik 8i La(i,a4 Pe7mukaa4+
1+ Memilih tem(at ,e(e7ti (a8a ('i4t a+1+
2+ Membe7,ihka4 ,e7e,ah atau k't'7a4 lai4 8iata, ta4ah+
3+ Me45ambil ,ekita7 1:2 k56'4t'h ta4ah 8e45a4 6a45kul6eth'k ke 8alam
ka4t'45 (la,tik 8a4 membe7i label+
6+ Pe45ambila4 C'4t'h Ta4ah Te7u,ik 8e45a4 B'7
1+ Mata b'7 8iletakka4 8i (e7mukaa4 ta4ah+
2+ Pe5a45a4 b'7 8i(uta7 (e7laha4:laha4 ke a7ah ka4a4 8e45a4 8i,e7tai
teka4a4 ,am(ai ,elu7uh ke(ala b'7 te7be4am+
3+ Ke(ala b'7 (e7laha4:laha4 8ikelua7ka4 8a7i tubuh ta4ah 8e45a4 memuta7
(e5a45a4 b'7 ta4ah ke a7ah ki7i 8e45a4 8i,e7tai ta7ika4+
%+ C'4t'h ta4ah .a45 te7ba3a ke(ala b'7 8ile(a,ka4 (e7laha4 ,am(ai be7,ih
8a4 8iu,ahaka4 ti8ak ba4.ak me7u,ak ,u,u4a4 ta4ah+
!+ Pe45eb'7a4 8ila4<utka4 la5i (a8a ,etia( ketebala4 ta4ah 2# 6m+
>+ Mema,ukka4 1:2 k5 6'4t'h ta4ah ke7i45 a45i4 ke8alam (la,tik 8a4
membe7i label+
C'4t'h Ta4ah Utuh )Ti8ak Te7u,ik*
1+ Membe7,ihka4 (e7mukaa4 tubuh ta4ah; meletakka4 tabu45 8iata,
(e7mukaa4 tubuh ta4ah 8e45a4 ba5ia4 .a45 ta<am be7a8a 8i ,i,i .a45
be7,i455u45a4+
2+ Me4eka4 (e7laha4 tabu45 8e45a4 teka4a4 me7ata ,am(ai te7be4am @
ba5ia4+
3+ Meletakka4 tabu45 ke8ua 8iata, tabu45 (e7tama; 8a4 me4eka44.a hi455a
tabu45 (e7tama te7be4am ,e,uai kei45i4a4+
%+ Me455ali ta4ah 8i,ekita7 tabu45; 8a4 me45ambil tabu45 be7,amaa4
8alam kea8aa4 be7tauta4+
!+ Me7a(ika4 (e7mukaa4 ta4ah 8e45a4 (i,au ti(i,; 8a4 me4utu( tabu45
,ili48e7; ,e7ta membe7i label+
Pe45ambila4 C'4t'h Ta4ah 8e45a4 A57e5at Tak Te7u,ik 8a4 C'4t'h Ta4ah
Te7u,ik
1+ Me455ali ta4ah ,am(ai la(i,a4 ta4ah .a45 8ii45i4ka4 +
2+ Me45ambil 5um(ala4 ta4ah .a45 ma,ih me4u4<ukka4 a57e5at a,li4.a; 8a4
8ima,ukka4 8alam k'tak .a45 te7,e8ia+
3+ U4tuk 6'4t'h ta4ah te7u,ik; 6'4t'h ta4ah 8ima,ukka4 ke8alam ka4t'45
(la,tik+
%+ Me46atat l'ka,i 8a4 <eluk (e45ambila44.a; 8a4 membe7i label+
I$+ -ASAR TEORI
Ham(i7 ,emua mahluk hi8u( .a45 8itemuka4 8alam ta4ah be75a4tu45
(a8a baha4 '75a4ik 8alam ta4ah itu ,e48i7i ,eba5ai baha4 maka4a4 8a4
e4e75i4.a+ Baha4 '75a4i6 .a45 8itemuka4 8alam ta4ah <umlah4.a ti8ak be,a7;
ha4.a ,ekita7 3 A ! B+ Teta(i (e45a7uh4.a te7ha8a( ta4ah 6uku( be,a7;
mi,al4.a mem(e45a7uhi ti45kat ke,ubu7a4 ta4ah; ae7a,i; 87ai4a,e. I,tilah
baha4 '75a4ik ta4ah lebih me45a6u (a8a baha4 ),i,a <a7i45a4 ta4ama4he3a4*
.a45 telah me45alami (e7'mbaka48ek'm(',i,i baik ,eba5ia4 atau
,elu7uh4.a .a45 telah me45alami humi9ika,i mau(u4 belum (Cahyono Agus,
1998).
K'4'4'=a )1&>>* 8a4 S6i4itCe7 )1&D"* 8alam )Bla6k; 1&>!* memba5i
baha4 '75a4ik ta4ah me4<a8i 2 kel'm('k .aitu baha4 .a45 telah te7humi9ika,i
.a45 8i,ebut baha4 humik )humi6 ,ub,ta46e* 8a4 baha4 buka4 humik )4'4
humi6 ,ub,ta46e*+ Kel'm('k lebih 8ike4al 8e45a4 Ehumu,F .a45 me7u(aka4
ha,il akhi7 8a7i (7',e, 8ek'm(',i,i baha4 '75a4ik+ Humu, me4.u,u4 &#B
ba5ia4 baha4 '75a4ik ta4ah )Ma4,u7; 2##3*+ Ba5ia4 '75a4ik 8a7i <a7i45a4
ta4ama4 te78i7i 8a7i ,e<umlah be,a7 ,e4.a3a '75a4ik teta(i ha4.a ,e8ikit .a45
8itemuka4 8alam ta4ah te7,i8ik+; ,etelah (ela(uka4+ Se4.a3a:,e4.a3a
'75a4ik te7,ebut te7utama ka7b'hi87at; a,am ami4' 8a4 (7'tei4; li(i8; a,am
4ukleat; li54i4 8a4 humu,+ Se4.a3a:,e4.a3a te7,ebut ,elai4 humu, bia,a4.a
te7ke4a 7eak,i:7eak,i 8e57a8a,i 8a4 8ek'm(',i,i+ Namu4 ka8a45kala me7eka
8a(at 8i,e7a( 'leh k'm('4e4 i4'75a4ik ta4ah; ,e(e7ti lem(u45 atau me7eka
a8a 8alam k'48i,i a4ae7'bik+ -i 8alam k'48i,i:k'48i,i ,ema6am i4i; ,e4.a3a
te7,ebut lebih te7li48u45 8a7i 8ek'm',i,i+
Kel'm('k ke8ua meli(uti ,e4.a3a A ,e4.a3a '75a4ik ,e(e7ti
ka7b'hi87at; a,am ami4'; (e(ti8e; lemak; li54i4; a,am 4ukleat+ Baha4 '75a4ik
ta4ah be7a8a (a8a k'48i,i ,eba5ai akibat a8a4.a mik7''75a4i,me ta4ah .a45
mema49aatka4 ,eba5ai,umbe7 e4e75i 8a4 ka7b'4 (Te<'.u3'4'+ 1&"!). Humu,
me7u(aka4 ,e4.a3a .a45 be7,i9at 6uku( 7e,i,te4 te7ha8a( (e7'mbaka4
te7ha8a( <a,a8 7e4ik; be7,i9at am'79 ) ti8ak mem(u4.ai be4tuk te7te4tu *
be73a74a hitam atau 6'klat 8a4 mem(u4.ai 8a.a me4aha4 ai7 .a45 ti455i
,e7ta u4,u7e ha7a .a45 ti455i+ Ti455i4.a 8a.a me4aha4 ai7 8a4 u4,u7e ha7a
a8alah akibat ti455i4.a ka(a,ita, tuka7 kati'4 8a7i humu, ka7e4a humu,
mem(u4.ai bebe7a(a 5u5u, akti9 ,e(e7ti5u5u, ka7b'k,il+ Ta4ah .a45
me45a48u45 humu, a8alah ta4ah la(i,a4 ata,+ Semaki4 keba3ah;
ka48u45a44.a ,emaki4 be7ku7a45 )Bla6k; 1&>!*+ -i 8ae7ah 7a3a; ,e(e7ti
8ae7ah 7a3a (a,a45 ,u7ut ,e7i45 8i<um(ai ta4ah 8e45a4 baha4 '75a4i6 .a45
,a45at ti455i 8a4 tebal+Ta4ah A ta4ah .a45 ka48u45a4 liat4.a ti455i;
6e48e7u45 mem(u4.ai ka48u45a4 baha4 '75a4i6 .a45 ti455i )/'th; 1&""*
+
$I+ PEMBAHASAN
C'4t'h ta4ah a8alah ,uatu ='lume ma,,a ta4ah .a45 8iambil 8a7i ,uatu
ba5ia4 tubuh )h'7iC'4la(i,a4,'lum* 8e45a4 6a7a:6a7a te7te4tu 8i,e,uaika4
8e45a4 ,i9at:,i9at .a45 aka4 8iteliti ,e6a7a lebih 8etail 8i lab'7at'7ium
)Bamba45; 1&&"*+ /u45,i mem(ela<a7i 6'4t'h ta4ah a4ta7a lai4:
1* Mem(ela<a7i ,i9at 9i,ik 8a4 kimia3i ta4ah+
2* Me45etahui a(abila te78a(at ka48u45a4 u4,u7 be7a6u4 8alam ta4ah+
3* Seba5ai 8a,a7 (e4eta(a4 8',i, (u(uk 8a4 ka(u7; ,ehi455a lebih e9ekti9;
e9i,ie4; 8a4 7a,i'4al+
%* Seba5ai 8ataba,e 8alam (7'57am (e7e46a4aa4 8a4 (e45'laha4 huta4+
A4ali,i, Pe7hitu45a4
Pe45amata4 8a4 (e45ambila4 8ata 6'4t'h ta4ah i4i 8ilakuka4 8i
lab'7at'7ium Sil=ikultu7 I4te4,i9 U4i=e7,ita, Ga8<ah Ma8a; 8e45a4
(e45amata4 6'4t'h ta4ah te7u,ik 8a4 6'4t'h ta4ah ti8ak te7u,ik+
a* C'4t'h Ta4ah Te7u,ik
: Ke8alama4 #:2# 6m : ,t7uktu7 7emah; tek,tu7
lembut; be3a74a 6'klat+
: Ke8alama4 2#:%# 6m : ,t7uktu7 (a,i7; tek,tu7
a5ak ka,a7; be3a74a 6'klat 5ela(+
: Ke8alama4 %#:># 6m: ,t7uktu7 (a,i7; tek,tu7
lebih ka,a7; 8a4 be3a74a 6'klat kehitama4+
b* C'4t'h Ta4ah Ti8ak Te7u,ik
: 0ala4 ,eta(ak : 4i,bah lua, G #;1&
: Re7um(uta4 : 4i,bah lua, G #;1&
: Ba3ah te5aka4 : 4i,bah lua, G #;1&
Ni,bah lua, keti5a l'ka,i 8iata, ha,il4.a ,ama; ka7e4a 8iamete7 8alam
4.a ,ama; .aitu %;3& 6m; 8a4 8iamete7 lua74.a %;D& 6m+
$II+ KESIMPULAN
: Ca7a (e45ambila4 6'4t'h ta4ah a8a 3 ma6am; .aitu:
a+ Pe45ambila4 6'4t'h ta4ah ti8ak te7u,ik+
b+ Pe45ambila4 ta4ah 8alam kea8aa4 a57e5at ti8ak te7u,ik+
6+ Pe45ambila4 6'4t'h ta4ah te7u,ik+
U4tuk (e45ambila4 6'4t'h ta4ah te7u,ik 8a(at me455u4aka4 b'7; 8a4
(a7amete7 (emba48i45a44.a a8alah ke8alama4 luba45 tia( 2# 6m+ Se8a45ka4
u4tuk (e45ambila4 6'4t'h ta4ah ti8ak te7u,ik be78a,a7ka4 l'ka,i 8a4 kata5'7i
ke8alama4 ta4ah )8alamlua7*+
: Pe45ambila4 6'4t'h ta4ah 8i,e,uaika4 8e45a4 ,i9at:,i9at ta4ah .a45 aka4
8iteliti8i,eli8ik lebih la4<ut ,ehi455a te78a(at (e7be8aa4; ka7e4a be7be8a ,i9at
.a45 8iteliti; be7be8a (ula tek4ik (e45ambila44.a+ C'4t'h:
a+ C'4t'h ta4ah ,e6a7a utuhtak te7u,ik
U4tuk me4.eli8iki te4ta45 a4ali,i, B$; (/; ke,a7a45a4; (e7embiha4
ta4ah; 8,b+
b+ C'4t'h ta4ah ,e6a7a ti8ak utuhte7u,ik
U4tuk me4.eli8iki 3atak 9i,i'kimia3i ta4ah+ A4ali, B0; Pe8; tek,tu7;
3a74a; k'4,i,te4,i; ka48u45a4 u4,u7 ha7a; (H; BO; KB; KPK; 8,b+
$III+ -A/TAR PUSTAKA
: B7a48.; N+C+ 1&"!+ The Nature and Properties of Soil. Te4e,,e; Ne3
0ea7,e.; USA: A57'4'm. I46+
: Ke7t'4e5'7'; Bamba45 -+; S7i Ha7tuti Su(a74a3a; Su(7i.a4t'
N't'ha8i,u3a74'; Su,i Ha48a.a4i+ 1&&"+ Panduan Analisis Fisia Tanah+
1'5.aka7ta: 0u7u,a4 Ta4ah; /akulta, Pe7ta4ia4 UGM+
: Su(7a.'5'; 2#1#+ Penga!"ilan Contoh Tanah. 0aka7ta: Aka8emika
P7e,,+
-A/TAR LAMAN
: Eh,a; 2#11+ Penga!"ilan Contoh Tanah+ htt(:eh,abl'5+6'm+ )8iak,e,
(a8a ha7i Sabtu; 23 Ma7et 2#13+ Pukul 1!+## HIB*+
: 0a6'b A5u,ti4iu,; 2#1#+ Pe45ambila4 C'4t'h Ta4ah+
htt(:tum'ut'u+4et+html+ )8iak,e, (a8a ha7i Sabtu; 23 Ma7et 2#13+ Pukul
1!+2% HIB*+
: Mittha; 2##&+ Pe45ambila4 C'4t'h Ta4ah+
htt(:khma48a.u+bl'5,('t+6'm+ )8iak,e, (a8a ha7i Sabtu; 23 Ma7et 2#13+
Pukul 1!+2> HIB*+