Appendix A

MATHEMATICAL DERIVATIONS
A.1 Jacobian Transformations
The Jacobian transformation, J (x
m
, y
m
, z
m
), given in Eq (4.1) can be found as,
J (x
m
, y
m
, z
m
) =

x
m
r
m
x
m

m
x
m

m
y
m
r
m
y
m

m
y
m

m
z
m
r
m
z
m

m
z
m

m

1
Eq (A.1)
The relationships for transformation between dierent coordinate systems can be
expressed as follow,
x
m
= r
m
cos
m
cos
m
Eq (A.2)
y
m
= r
m
cos
m
sin
m
Eq (A.3)
z
m
= r
m
sin
m
Eq (A.4)
After simplications Eq (A.1) can be expressed as,
J (x
m
, y
m
, z
m
) =

cos
m
cos
m
r
m
cos
m
sin
m
r
m
sin
m
cos
m
cos
m
sin
m
r
m
cos
m
cos
m
r
m
sin
m
sin
m
sin
m
0 r
m
cos
m

1
Eq (A.5)
116
J(r
m
,
m
,
m
) =

(cos
m
cos
m
) [ (r
m
cos
m
cos
m
) (r
m
cos
m
)
(0) (r
m
sin
m
sin
m
)]
(r
m
cos
m
sin
m
) [ (cos
m
sin
m
) (r
m
cos
m
)
(sin
m
) (r
m
sin
m
sin
m
)]
+(r
m
sin
m
cos
m
) [ (cos
m
sin
m
) (0)
(sin
m
) (r
m
cos
m
cos
m
)]

1
Eq (A.6)
J (x
m
, y
m
, z
m
) =

(cos
m
cos
m
) [ (r
2
m
cos
2

m
cos
m
)]
+(r
m
cos
m
sin
m
)

(r
m
cos
2

m
sin
m
) + (r
m
sin
2

m
sin
m
)

+(r
m
sin
m
cos
m
) [(r
m
sin
m
cos
m
cos
m
)]

1
Eq (A.7)
J (x
m
, y
m
, z
m
) =

(r
2
m
cos
3

m
cos
2

m
) + (r
2
m
cos
3

m
sin
2

m
)
+(r
2
m
sin
2

m
sin
2

m
cos
m
) + (r
2
m
sin
2

m
cos
2

m
cos
m
)

1
Eq (A.8)
J (x
m
, y
m
, z
m
) =

r
2
m
cos
3

m
(cos
2

m
+ sin
2

m
) + r
2
m
cos
m
sin
2

m
(cos
2

m
+ sin
2

m
)

1
Eq (A.9)
117
The simplied solution can be expressed as,
J (x
m
, y
m
, z
m
) =
1
r
2
m
cos
m
Eq (A.10)
A.2 Handover Delay
The power level of received signals at MS from serving cell (i.e., BS1) and adjacent
candidate cell (i.e., BS2) are
p
r,1
(d
1,n
) = K
1
K
2
log
10
(d
1,n
) Eq (A.11)
p
r,2
(d
2,n
) = K
1
K
2
log
10
(d
2,n
) Eq (A.12)
where, d
1,n
and d
2,n
are given in Eq (6.8) and Eq (6.9), respectively. The residual
power ratio of the i
th
candidate BS can be found as
q
i
= p
a,i
p
a,1
Eq (A.13)
By assuming p
a,i
as, p
a,i

= p
r,i
, Eq (A.13) can be rearranged as,
q
2
=

K
1
K
2
log
10

d
2
1
+ g
2
+ 2 d
1
g cos(
1

HO
)

K
1
K
2
log
10

d
2
2
+ g
2
+ 2 d
2
g cos(
2

HO
)

Eq (A.14)
where, g is the distance traveled by MS with a certain velocity from its initial
position R to the point N where it completes the hando (refer Fig. 6.2).
The transition from p
a,i
to p
r,i
requires an addition of certain time delay
avg
118