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Student:___________________________________
Teacher: Carmen Santos-Leao Date: ____________
DAYS/TIME: _________________ LEVEL: ________

LOGICAL CONNECTORS
Prepositions / Conjunctions / Transitions
Addition * Contrast * Causality * Sequence * Other * Practice
Prepositions:
(followed by a NOUN)
P + N (Preposition + Noun)
Coordinating conjunctions:
(between clauses or other equal structures)
SV, conj SV
Subordinating conjunctions:
(at beginning of dependent adverb clause)
(clauses can be reversed)
SV conj SV or Conj SV, SV
Sentence connectors:
(In second clause)
SV. Conn, SV.
SV; Conn, SV.
or
SV. S, Conn, V.
SV; S, Conn, V.
or
SV. SV, Conn.
SV; SV, Conn.

MEANING
WITHIN
1 CLAUSE

Prepositions
2 MAIN
CLAUSES
Coordinating
and Correlative
conjunctions
ADVERB CLAUSES
Subordinating
conjunctions
SECOND SENTENCE
Sentence connectors
(adverbials / transitions
conjunctive adverbs)
ADDITION
ADDITION
- Besides/
- In addition to
- And
- Nor
- Not only ... but
(also)
- Neither ... nor
- Both ... and
.
-Also
-Furthermore

-Besides
-What is more

-In fact
-Certainly
-In addition
-Moreover

-As well

-Actually
-Above all
-Indeed
-As a matter of fact
EXAMPLES
- Such as
- Like
. .
-For example
(e.g.)

Especially

-To illustrate
-For instance

-In particular

-As an
example
IDENTIFICATION . . . -Namely -Specifically
CLARIFICATION . . .
-That is (i.e.)
-In other words
-I mean

SIMILARITY -Like .
-As .. as
-The same ..as
-Similarly
-In the same
way
-Likewise

ALTERNATIVES .
-Or
-Either ... or
.
- On the other hand
- Alternatively
CONTRAST
CONTRAST /
OPPOSTION
-In contrast to
-Instead of
-Unlike
-Different from
-But


-Where(as)
-While
-Not as .. as
-er/more/Less ..than
-However
-In contrast
-Though
-Instead
-On one hand
-On the other hand

2
-In fact -However
CONCESSION /
INSUFFICIENT
REASON
-Despite
-In spite of
-Regardless of
-But..(anyway/still)
-Yet
-Although
-(Even) Though
-In spite of the fact that
-Despite the fact that
-Even so
-However
-Admittedly
-After all
-Nonetheless
-Nevertheless
-Still
-Of course
-On the other hand
CONTRADICTION . . . -On the contrary
CAUSALITY
REASON/CAUSE
-As a result
-Because of
-In view of
-On account of
-Due to
or
-As
-As long as
-Inasmuch as
-Because
-Since
-Now that
-In view of the fact that
-Due to the fact that
.
RESULT . -So
-So ... that
-Such ... that
-As a result
-Therefore
-Hence
-Thus
-Consequently
PURPOSE -For .
-So that
-In order that/to
-With this in mind
-For this purpose
SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE
-- time
-After
-During
-Before
-Up to
-Since
-Within
-Until
-From
-By
-For
etc.

-When(ever)
-While
-Before
-After
-Until
-As
-Since
-Once
-As long as
-As soon as
-Now that
-Every time (that)
-By the time (that)
-Up to the time (that)
-(At) first
-Once
-To start with
-Now

-Eventually
-Then
-After that
-Later

-At last
-In the end
-First of all
-Originally
-At present

-Subsequently
-Next
-Meanwhile

-Finally
-Lastly
SEQUENCE
-- logic
. . .
First (of all)
To start with

-Next
-In the
second place

-Finally
-To conclude
In the first place
To begin with

-Then
-Secondly

-Lastly
-In conclusion

SUMMARY . . .
-In summary
-All in all
-Briefly
-To summarize
-Overall
-In short
-As has been said /mentioned ..
OTHER
PLACE
-In
-On
-At
-Under
-Over
-Between
etc.
.
-Where
-Wherever
.
MANNER -As .
-As
the way (that)
.
CONDITION
-In case of
-Regardless of
-Or (else)
-Either .. or
-(Even)if
-In case
-Unless
-As long as
-Provided that
-Whetheror not
-Otherwise




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Connectors are usually written in specific places in a sentence:

At the beginning of a sentence:
In addition, furthermore, moreover, however, nevertheless, on the one hand, on
the other hand.


Either at the beginning or in the middle:
Despite, in spite of, although, even though.

Only in the middle of a sentence:
And, but, also, as well as

Some connectors have got similar meanings but are followed by different
structures. Despite and in spite of are followed by a noun phrase or a gerund.
We did not wear coats despite the cold weather. (Noun phrase)
I tried to look happy in spite of feeling terrible. (gerund)

Even though and although are followed by a clause.

My car constantly needs repairs even though its new.

My cousin and I arent very close, although were the same age.




FIXING EXERCISES

Connectors of Addition and Contrast
I - Read the pairs of sentences below. Which pair expresses similar ideas? Which pair expresses
contrasting ideas? Use the chart to help you.
1. Their team has got the best players. Moreover, their coach is fantastic. ______________________
2. Their team has got the best players. Nevertheless, they lost the last game. ___________________
II - Choose the correct connector:
1. Lorena seems to be quite clever. __________________________, she often gets low marks.
(Nevertheless/ Furthermore)
2. The service at this restaurant is excellent. __________________________, the food is delicious.
(However / In addition)
3. I've never been to Argentina, ________________________ having relatives there.
(As well as / Despite)
4. Jordi is a careful driver. __________________________, hes had several accidents.
(Moreover / However)
5. Cristina loves playing sport, _________________ shes not very good at it. (and / but)
6. Anna is talented at music ________________________________ art. ( As well as / In spite of)

III - Choose the correct connector.
1. We're studying now __________________ there's an interesting film on TV. (Despite / Even though)
2. Id like to talk to you _________________________ I know youre busy. (Although / In spite of)
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3. ______________________ her efforts, she failed the exam. (Despite / Although)
4. ______________________ we were having difficulties, we felt optimistic. (Even though / In spite of)
5. We didnt win the game ________________________ all our hard work. (Although / In spite of)

IV - Rewrite the following sentences using the connector in brackets.
1. Isabel apologized several times. Nevertheless, Paul wouldnt speak to her. (But)
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. We decided to walk even though it was raining. (In spite of)
_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Roger works very hard to help his parents. Hes also a good student. (In addition) (Two different
sentences)
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

4. Im keen on Ice cream. In addition, Im keen on chocolate. (As well as)
______________________________________________________________________________________

5. Youre late again. Furthermore, you havent brought your books. (And)
______________________________________________________________________________________

6. On the one hand, Id love to come. On the other hand, I really havent got the time. (However)
______________________________________________________________________________________

7. Rome is a great place to visit, but it has got terrible traffic problems. (Despite)
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Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any
other one thing.

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