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Education Sector

Factbook 2012

Summary of Education Sectors


Knowledge

Market Size
(2012)

Market Size
(2015)

2012-17
Growth
(CAGR)

Market Size
(2017)

Global Market Size


Global Education Expenditure

$4,450.9 B

$5,508.7 B

7%

$6,372.5 B

K-12

$2,227.0 B

$2,625.6 B

6%

$2,930.3 B

Postsecondary

$1,495.2 B

$1,883.5 B

8%

$2,196.9 B

$356.6 B

$449.3 B

8%

$524.0 B

Corporate & Govt. Learning


eLearning

$90.9 B

$166.5 B

23%

$255.5 B

K-12 eLearning

$16.6 B

$39.0 B

33%

$69.0 B

Higher Ed eLearning

$48.8 B

$95.4 B

25%

$149.0 B

Corporate eLearning

$25.5 B

$32.1 B

8%

$37.5 B

$96.1 B

$146.1 B

15%

$193.2 B

$1.0 B

$2.9 B

40%

$5.6 B

$200.0 B

$266.2 B

10%

$322.1 B

$2.0 B

$4.4 B

30%

$7.4 B

$115.0 B

$198.7 B

20%

$286.2 B

$63.3 B

$123.6 B

25%

$193.2 B

$54.0 B

$78.2 B

13%

$100.0 B

$590.9 B

$952.2 B

17%

$1,311.0 B

$1,432.1 B

$1,651.3 B

5%

$1,805.5 B

Government Spending on Education

$941.0 B

$1,085.4 B

5%

$1,184.5 B

K-12

$687.6 B

$788.7 B

4%

$853.1 B

Postsecondary

$535.2 B

$622.1 B

5%

$688.5 B

$18.2 B

$20.5 B

6%

$24.1 B

$18.9 B

$19.8 B

2%

$20.4 B

$133.3 B

$149.9 B

4%

$162.2 B

$32.5 B

$49.1 B

15%

$65.6 B

For-Profit Postsecondary
Social Learning/Communities
Child Care
Edu Gaming
Global Language Learning
Global English Language Learning
Test Preparation/Tutoring Market/Counseling
For-Profit
United States Market Size
US Education Expenditure

International Students
Executive MBA
Corporate & Govt. Learning
eLearning
K-12 eLearning

$5.4 B

$9.3 B

20%

$13.4 B

Higher Ed eLearning

$17.4 B

$28.6 B

18%

$39.8 B

Corporate eLearning

$9.6 B

$11.2 B

5%

$12.3 B

For-Profit Postsecondary

$30.8 B

$40.9 B

10%

$49.5 B

Child Care

$65.0 B

$77.4 B

6%

$87.0 B

Test Preparation/Tutoring Market/Counseling

$11.0 B

$13.1 B

6%

$14.7 B

Instructional Materials Market (K-12)

$20.1 B

$23.9 B

6%

$26.9 B

$4.8 B

$5.7 B

6%

$6.3 B

Higher Education Instruction Materials


Source: GSV Estimates

Table of Contents
Summary of Education Sectors .................................................................................................................................... 1
GLOBAL DATA ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Fast Facts ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Literacy Rate................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Literacy Rate World Map (2007-2008) .................................................................................................................. 7
Regional Literacy Rates ........................................................................................................................................... 7
National Illiterate Population .................................................................................................................................... 8
Education Index ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
Education Index World Map- 2011 ........................................................................................................................... 9
National Education Index - 2011 ............................................................................................................................ 10
Education Systems (in years) ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Regional Education Systems ................................................................................................................................. 11
National Education Systems .................................................................................................................................. 12
School Age Population ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary School Age Population ...................................................................................... 14
Pupil-Teacher Ratio .................................................................................................................................................... 15
Pupil-Teacher Ratio for Pre-primary, Primary and Secondary .............................................................................. 15
OECD PISA Scores - Top 25 Countries ..................................................................................................................... 16
Education Attainment in OECD Countries .................................................................................................................. 17
Secondary Education Completion Rate in Select OECD Countries (2009) ........................................................... 17
Tertiary Education Completion Rate in Select OECD countries (2009)................................................................. 18
Post Secondary Penetration Rates ........................................................................................................................ 19
Education Expenditures .............................................................................................................................................. 20
Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP .................................................................................................................... 20
Education Expenditures OECD Overview ........................................................................................................... 22
Percentage of Disposable Income Spent on Education ........................................................................................ 23
Internet Users ............................................................................................................................................................. 24
Top 50 Global Universities ......................................................................................................................................... 26
Largest University Systems by Enrollment ................................................................................................................. 27
International MBA Rankings ....................................................................................................................................... 28
U.S. DATA ...................................................................................................................................................................... 29
The Structure of Education in the United States ........................................................................................................ 30
Total Expenditures of Educational Institutions and % of GDP ................................................................................... 31
K-12 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 32
K-12 Fast Facts (2008-09 School Year) ................................................................................................................ 32
Total and Current Expenditure per Pupil in Fall Enrollment in Public Schools ...................................................... 33
State Current Education Expenditures ................................................................................................................... 34
State Education Expenditure per Pupil .................................................................................................................. 35
Pre-K and Kindergarten Enrollment ....................................................................................................................... 36
K-12 Enrollment...................................................................................................................................................... 37
K-12 Enrollment Trend (in M) ................................................................................................................................. 37
Public K-12 Enrollments Trend (in M) .................................................................................................................... 38
Private K-12 Enrollments Trend (in M) ................................................................................................................... 38
Percentage of 3- to 17-Year-Olds Enrolled in School ............................................................................................ 39
th
National 8 Grade Comparison .............................................................................................................................. 40
Performance of 8th-Graders in NAEP Reading, by Selected Characteristics ....................................................... 41
Teachers and Pupil/Teacher Ratios in Public and Private K-12 Schools .............................................................. 42
Estimated Avg. Annual Salary for Public K-12 Teachers ....................................................................................... 43
Percentage of 18- to 24-year-olds Enrolled in High School or College ................................................................. 44
Trend in High School Graduation ........................................................................................................................... 45
Dropout Rates, by Race/Ethnicity .......................................................................................................................... 46
High School Graduation Rate, by Gender (in Percentage) .................................................................................... 47
Charter Schools .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
National Charter School Data ................................................................................................................................ 48
Top 10 Charter Communities (by Market Share) ................................................................................................... 49
Homeschooling ........................................................................................................................................................... 50
General Facts and Trends ..................................................................................................................................... 50

Number of Homeschooled Students, by State ....................................................................................................... 51


Reasons for Homeschooling .................................................................................................................................. 52
Number and Percentage of Homeschooled Students............................................................................................ 52
Transition to College ................................................................................................................................................... 53
SAT Score Averages of College-Bound Seniors ................................................................................................... 53
Percentage of High School Graduates Who Were Enrolled in College Immediately After High School
Completion, by Race/Ethnicity ............................................................................................................................... 54
Percentage of High School Graduates Who Were Enrolled in College Immediately After High School
Completion, by Family Income Level ..................................................................................................................... 55
Postsecondary ............................................................................................................................................................ 56
Total Undergraduate Enrollment in Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions ................................................. 56
Total Undergraduate Enrollment in Degree-Granting 2- and 4-year Postsecondary Institutions by Gender ........ 57
Total Fall Enrollment in Degree-Granting Institutions by Student Level ................................................................ 58
Total Post-Baccalaureate Enrollment in Degree-Granting Institutions, by Gender and Attendance Status .......... 59
Trends in Post- Baccalaureate Enrollments ........................................................................................................... 60
First Time Graduate Enrollment - General and Broad Field by Gender ................................................................ 61
First Time Graduate Enrollment - Classification and Attendance Status ............................................................... 61
Fall Enrollment for Adult Learners: 25 Years and Older ........................................................................................ 62
Mobility of College Students ................................................................................................................................... 63
Enrollment at the 20 Largest Degree-Granting Campuses .................................................................................... 64
College Graduation Rate, by Gender ..................................................................................................................... 65
College Graduation Rate, by Race/Ethnicity (in %) ............................................................................................... 65
Associates and Bachelors Degrees Conferred and Percentage of Bachelors Degrees Awarded to Females ... 66
Masters, First-Professional, and Doctors Degrees Conferred by Degree-Granting Institutions .......................... 67
Degrees Awarded by Field ..................................................................................................................................... 68
Degrees Awarded by Type of Institution ................................................................................................................ 69
Average College Costs per Academic Year ........................................................................................................... 70
Total Expenditures of Postsecondary Education Institutions and % of GDP ......................................................... 71
Average Salary of Full-time Instructional Faculty in Degree-Granting Institutions, by Gender.............................. 72
Average Salary of Full-time Instructional Faculty in Degree-Granting Institutions, by Type of Institution ............. 73
Revenues of Public Degree-Granting Institutions, by Source ................................................................................ 74
Revenues of Private Not-for-Profit Degree-Granting Institutions, by Source ........................................................ 74
Revenues of Private For-Profit Degree Granting Institutions, by Source .............................................................. 75
American Colleges Rankings ................................................................................................................................. 76
Best Law Schools ................................................................................................................................................... 77
Best Medical Schools ............................................................................................................................................. 78
Best Business Schools ........................................................................................................................................... 79
Education Attainment ................................................................................................................................................. 80
US Educational Attainment in 2011 ....................................................................................................................... 80
Educational Attainment Trend ................................................................................................................................ 81
Unemployment and Median Weekly Earnings Rate by Level of Education Attainment ........................................ 82
Educational Attainment and Unemployment Rates Trends ................................................................................... 83
The Income Gap..................................................................................................................................................... 84
Employment by Education and Training Category ................................................................................................. 85
DISTANCE/ONLINE LEARNING .................................................................................................................................... 86
Fast Facts ................................................................................................................................................................... 87
K-12 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 88
Full-Time Online Charter Schools Growth ............................................................................................................. 88
Full-Time Online Charter School Student Enrollment Growth ............................................................................... 88
Number of States with Statewide Online Learning Options ................................................................................... 89
Typical Cost Categories for Online Schools .......................................................................................................... 89
National Virtual Schools Data (2010-11 Academic Year) ...................................................................................... 90
Statewide Full-Time Online School Enrollment ...................................................................................................... 91
States with Online Public Schools Operated by K12 Inc ....................................................................................... 92
Public School Instructional Rooms with Internet Access ....................................................................................... 93
Number and Percentage of Schools with Enrollment in Distance Education Courses, By Instructional Level and
District Characteristics ........................................................................................................................................... 94
Source of Online Content Providers to Public K-12 Schools ................................................................................. 95
Adoption of Online Learning by Grade Level ......................................................................................................... 95

Postsecondary ............................................................................................................................................................ 96
Total and Online Enrollments in Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions ...................................................... 96
Percentage of Undergraduate Students Taking Distance Education Courses ...................................................... 97
Postsecondary Online Enrollment Growth and Projection ..................................................................................... 98
Postsecondary Online Enrollment and Percentage of Total .................................................................................. 98
Top Online Colleges ............................................................................................................................................... 99
MARKET STATISTICS ................................................................................................................................................. 100
Recent IPOs ............................................................................................................................................................. 101
Private Equity Investments in Education .................................................................................................................. 102
Large Private Equity Deals in US Education Industry (2010-11) ......................................................................... 102
Venture Capital Investments in Education-Technology Companies .................................................................... 102
US Education Industry Revenues (in $, T) ............................................................................................................... 103
For-Profit Childcare Market (in $, B) ......................................................................................................................... 104
K-12 For-profit Education Industry............................................................................................................................ 105
K-12 For-profit Total Market ................................................................................................................................. 105
K-12 Instructional Media and Services ................................................................................................................ 106
K-12 Basal Content .............................................................................................................................................. 106
K-12 Supplemental Content ................................................................................................................................. 107
K-12 Assessment ................................................................................................................................................. 107
K-12 Technology .................................................................................................................................................. 108
K-12 Professional Development........................................................................................................................... 108
K-12 Tutoring and Test Preparation ..................................................................................................................... 109
Post Secondary ........................................................................................................................................................ 110
Market Share of Private For-Profit Institutions as a % of Total Enrollment.......................................................... 110
Revenue of For-Profit Degree-Granting Institutions ............................................................................................. 110
For-Profit Fall Enrollment ..................................................................................................................................... 111
For-Profit Institutions ............................................................................................................................................ 111
Corporate Learning Market....................................................................................................................................... 112
Learning Management Systems Market ................................................................................................................... 113
Education Publishing Net Dollar Sales ..................................................................................................................... 113
INDUSTRY LEADERS .................................................................................................................................................. 114
Top US For-Profit Childcare Providers (Ranked by Capacity) ................................................................................. 115
Top 10 Providers of Worksite Childcare (Ranked by Enrollment) ............................................................................ 115
Top Testing and Assessment Providers ................................................................................................................... 116
Leading K-12 Professional Development Providers ................................................................................................. 117
Leading K-12 Tutoring and Test Preparation Providers ........................................................................................... 118
Top 10 For-Profit Educational Management Organizations ..................................................................................... 119
Full-Time Online Schools Managed by For-Profit EMOs ......................................................................................... 120
Leading Corporate Learning Provider ...................................................................................................................... 121
Top Companies in the Learning & Development Outsourcing Industry ................................................................... 122
For Profit Postsecondary School Operators Enrollment, Revenue ....................................................................... 123
Leading Learning Management Systems ................................................................................................................. 124
Leading Education Publishers .................................................................................................................................. 125
Top 2011 Inc. 500|5000 Education Companies ....................................................................................................... 126

GLOBAL DATA

Fast Facts

Over two-thirds of the world's 793 million illiterate adults are found in only eight countries
(India, China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Brazil and Egypt).

Of all the illiterate adults in the world, two-thirds are women.

Extremely low literacy rates are concentrated in three regions, South and West Asia, SubSaharan Africa, and the Arab states, where around one-third of the men and half of all
women are illiterate.

Globally, 570 million children are enrolled in school.

The number of children of primary school age who were out of school fell from 103 million
in 1999 to 73 million in 2006. In that year, primary school enrollment in developing
countries reached 88% on average, up from 83% in 2000.

In sub-Saharan Africa, the net primary school enrollment ratio has only recently reached
71%, even after a significant jump in enrollment that began in 2000. Around 38 million
children of primary school age in this region are still out of school.

In Southern Asia, the enrollment ratio has climbed above 90%, yet more than 18 million
children of primary school age are not enrolled.

Projections suggest that without further acceleration, 58 out of the 86 countries that have
not yet reached universal primary education will not achieve it by 2015.

Literacy Rate
Literacy Rate World Map (2007-2008)

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

Regional Literacy Rates


Region

Adult (15+)

Youth (15 - 24)

Illiterate pop

Literacy rate

Illiterate pop

World

793.1

83.7%

127.3

89.3%

Africa

215.3

63.3%

51.5

74.5%

North America

17.3

95.8%

2.0

97.7%

South America

22.5

91.9%

1.4

98.0%

531.3

81.9%

71.6

90.2%

Europe

4.9

99.2%

0.4

99.6%

Oceania

1.8

93.1%

0.5

91.3%

Asia

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, for 2005-2009

Literacy rate

National Illiterate Population


Adult (15+)
Illiterate pop
( in million)

Literacy rate
(in %)

1 India

283.1

62.8%

1 India

40.7

81.1%

2 China

64.6

94.0%

2 Pakistan

11.0

68.5%

3 Pakistan

50.0

53.2%

3 Nigeria

8.8

71.8%

4 Bangladesh

49.0

55.9%

4 Ethiopia

8.1

44.6%

5 Nigeria

34.8

60.8%

5 Bangladesh

4.6

75.5%

6 Ethiopia

28.9

29.8%

6 Egypt

2.6

84.9%

7 Egypt

17.8

68.9%

7 Congo

2.0

65.4%

8 Brazil

14.1

89.9%

8 Tanzania

2.0

77.4%

9 Indonesia

12.9

92.1%

9 Burkina Faso

1.8

36.1%

10 Congo

11.7

66.8%

10 Mali

1.6

38.8%

11 Morocco

10.1

55.6%

11 Niger

1.5

36.5%

12 Iran

8.3

83.3%

12 China

1.5

99.4%

13 Sudan

7.7

70.2%

13 Cte d'Ivoire

1.4

66.6%

14 Nepal

7.6

59.1%

14 Madagascar

1.4

64.9%

15 Tanzania

6.6

72.9%

15 Morocco

1.3

78.7%

16 Algeria

6.5

72.6%

16 Mozambique

1.3

70.9%

17 Mozambique

5.8

55.1%

17 Sudan

1.2

85.9%

18 Burkina Faso

5.6

26.1%

18 Chad

1.2

46.3%

19 Cte d'Ivoire

5.6

55.3%

19 Nepal

1.1

82.0%

20 Mexico

5.1

92.5%

20 Iraq

1.1

82.7%

21 Turkey

5.0

89.0%

21 Angola

1.0

73.1%

22 Yemen

5.0

62.4%

22 Ghana

1.0

80.1%

23 Mali

5.0

26.2%

23 Uganda

1.0

84.1%

24 Ghana

4.9

66.6%

24 Senegal

0.9

57.9%

0.8

84.1%

Country
0

Country

Youth (15 - 24)


Illiterate pop
( in million)

25 Niger
4.8
28.7%
25 Yemen
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, for 2005-2009

Literacy rate
(in %)

With lower literacy rates and a large illiterate population, notably among younger people, emerging Asian countries
will face the challenge of educating a large, growing and active population.
India itself represents as much as 36% of the worlds illiterate adult population.

Education Index
Education Index World Map- 2011

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

The Education Index is measured by the adult literacy rate (with two-thirds weighting) and the combined primary,
secondary, and tertiary gross enrollment ratio (with one-third weighting). The adult literacy rate gives an indication of
the ability to read and write, while the Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) gives an indication of the level of education from
kindergarten to postgraduate education.
Education is a major component of well-being and is used in the measure of economic development and quality of life,
which is a key factor in determining whether a country is a developed, developing, or underdeveloped country.

National Education Index - 2011

Country

Value Since

Education

2005

Index

New Zealand
Norway
Australia
Ireland
United States
6 Korea
7 Slovenia

8 Netherlands
9 Germany

1
2
3
4
5

1.000
0.985
0.981
0.963
0.939
0.934

0.933

0.931

0.928

10 Canada
others
27 France

0.927

0.87

28 Hungary
34 Hong Kong, China
Kazakhstan
35 (SAR)

0.866

0.837

0.834

36 Romania
37 Poland

0.831

0.822

39 United Kingdom
40 Argentina

0.815

0.806

41 Montenegro
42 Bulgaria

0.802

0.802

43 Cyprus
80 Uzbekistan

0.798

0.711

81 Jordan
82 South Africa

0.71

0.705

95 Philippines
96 Sri Lanka

0.684

0.68

102 Brazil
115 Qatar

0.663

0.623

116 China
119 Thailand

0.623

0.597

120 Indonesia
121 Turkey

0.584

0.583

122 Kenya
128 Zimbabwe

0.582

0.566

129 Egypt
146 India

0.56

0.45

147 Morocco
148 Nigeria

0.447

Last Niger

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

10

0.442
0.177

Increase
Steady
Decrease

Education Systems (in years)


Regional Education Systems
Duration of
Starting Age
Compulsory Edu.

World

Ending Age

Duration of
Primary Edu

9.01 yrs.

6.02 yrs.

14.12 yrs.

5.72 yrs.

Arab States

9.05

6.00

14.20

5.70

Central and Eastern Europe

9.11

6.58

14.68

4.40

Central Asia

9.67

6.78

15.44

4.11

East Asia and the Pacific

9.03

5.84

13.88

5.82

Latin America and the Caribbean

9.88

5.55

14.48

6.17

Western Europe

10.40

5.96

15.40

5.81

North America

11.50

6.00

16.50

6.00

7.22

5.67

12.00

5.56

7.52

6.28

13.00

6.13

South and West Asia


Sub-Saharan Africa
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

A higher duration of compulsory education and a higher ending age of compulsory education are found among
economically well-developed countries.

11

National Education Systems


Compulsory Education
Country
Duration
1 Bangladesh
5 yrs.
2 Gambia
5.00
3 Iran
5.00
Lao People's
4
Democratic Republic
5.00
5 Myanmar
5.00
6 Nepal
5.00
7 Pakistan
5.00
8 Angola
6.00
9 Benin
6.00
10 Burundi
6.00
11 Cameroon
6.00
12 Cape Verde
6.00
13 Chad
6.00
14 Gabon
6.00
15 Guinea
6.00

49 Brazil
8.00
68 China
9.00
80 India
9.00
81 Indonesia
9.00
113 Turkey
9.00
119 Argentina
10.00

140 Japan
10.00
150 Russia
10.00
154 Sweden
10.00
165 France
11.00
193 United States
12.00
198 Germany
13.00
199 Netherlands
13.00
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

Starting Age

Ending Age

6 yrs.
7.00
6.00

10 yrs.
12.00
10.00

6.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
NA
6.00
7.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
7.00

10.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
NA
11.00
12.00
11.00
11.00
11.00
16.00
12.00

7.00
6.00
6.00
7.00
6.00
5.00

14.00
14.00
14.00
15.00
14.00
14.00

6.00
6.00
7.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
5.00

15.00
15.00
16.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
17.00

Developing countries present lower durations and ending age of compulsory education. The BRICs and other fast
developing economies show better education systems, slightly shorter than the wealthiest nations.

12

School Age Population


Pre-primary and Official Entrance Age Population
Pre-primary
World
South and West Asia

Official Entrance Age


342.8 M
101.6

World

122.7 M

South and West Asia

36.1

East Asia and the Pacific

79.8

East Asia and the Pacific

31.0

Sub-Saharan Africa

67.7

Sub-Saharan Africa

22.4

Latin America and the Caribbean

30.1

Latin America and the Caribbean

11.0

Arab States

17.1

Arab States

7.6

Central and Eastern Europe

15.6

Western Europe

4.5

North America

13.3

North America

4.4

Western Europe

12.2

Central and Eastern Europe

4.3

Central Asia

1.4

Central Asia

5.3

India

75.2

India

24.8

China

50.5

China

17.7

Nigeria

14.2

Nigeria

4.4

United States of America

12.6

Indonesia

4.3

Bangladesh

9.3

United States of America

4.0

Indonesia

8.8

Pakistan

3.9

Pakistan

7.8

Bangladesh

3.2

Ethiopia

7.1

Ethiopia

2.3

Democratic Republic of the Congo

6.5

Philippines

2.2

Russian Federation

5.7

Mexico

2.2

Mexico

4.5

Democratic Republic of the Congo

2.0

Vietnam

4.2

Egypt

1.7

Afghanistan

4.0

Central Asia

1.4

Turkey

3.7

Russian Federation

1.3

Kenya

3.7

Vietnam

1.3

Uganda

3.5

United Republic of Tanzania

1.3

Egypt

3.4

Turkey

1.3

Japan

3.3

Kenya

1.1

Thailand

2.8

Japan

1.1

United Republic of Tanzania

2.7

Uganda

1.1

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

13

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary School Age Population


Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

World

655.0M World

780.9M World

608.1M

South and West Asia

179.5

South and West Asia

243.7

East Asia and Pacific

188.5

East Asia and the Pacific

169.0

East Asia and Pacific

209.9

South and West Asia

165.8

Sub-Saharan Africa

129.3

Sub-Saharan Africa

108.8

Sub-Saharan Africa

76.5
52.9

Latin America and Caribbean

58.5

Latin America and Caribbean

66.9

Latin America and Caribbean

Arab States

42.5

Arab States

43.7

Arab States

34.6

Cent and East Europe

19.9

Western Europe

33.8

Western Europe

25.5

North America

25.9

North America

28.0

North America

23.7

Western Europe

24.9

Central and Eastern Europe

34.9

Central and Eastern Europe

32.2

Central Asia

11.1

Central Asia

Central Asia
India

5.6

8.5

123.6

India

169.8

China

120.3

China
Latin America and Caribbean

93.3

China

125.4

India

114.9

58.5

Pakistan

28.1

Indonesia

21.7

Indonesia

25.6

Indonesia

26.0

United States of America

21.4

Nigeria

24.2

Bangladesh

22.1

Pakistan

18.5

Pakistan

20.1

Nigeria

20.1

Brazil

17.0

Bangladesh

16.0

Mexico

13.2

Bangladesh

14.9

Ethiopia

13.3

Vietnam

11.9

Nigeria

14.7

Mexico

12.9

Ethiopia

11.4

Russian Federation

12.3

Philippines
Democratic Republic of Congo

12.9

Russian Federation

10.9

Mexico

10.0

11.0

Iran

9.5

Philippines

9.3

Egypt
United Republic of Tanzania

9.8

Egypt

9.5

Iran

9.2

8.0

9.2

Vietnam

9.0

South Africa

7.0

Turkey
Democratic Republic of Congo

9.0

Egypt

8.2

Japan

7.0

Philippines

8.0

Ethiopia

7.6

Uganda

6.7

Germany

7.5

Japan

6.6

Vietnam

6.5

Japan

7.2

6.4

Turkey

6.4

Thailand

6.3

Turkey
Democratic Republic of Congo

Kenya

6.3

United Republic of Tanzania

5.6

Thailand

5.3

6.1

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics


2B learners are currently preparing themselves to join the Knowledge Economy. As the two largest nations in the
World, China and India face the daunting task of educating and preparing approximately 747M students (37% of the
worlds student population), to enter the global economy.

14

Pupil-Teacher Ratio
Pupil-Teacher Ratio for Pre-primary, Primary and Secondary
Pre-Primary
World
Central and Eastern Europe

Primary
20.9
9.5

Secondary

World

24.8

World

17.5

North America

13.9

Central and Eastern Europe

11.2

Central Asia

10.6

Western Europe

13.9

Central Asia

11.2

Western Europe

13.6

Central Asia

16.7

Western Europe

12.5

North America

15.2

Central and Eastern Europe

17.3

North America

14.0

Arab States

20.4

East Asia and the Pacific

18.3

Arab States

15.3

Latin America and Caribbean 20.6

Arab States

20.9

East Asia and the Pacific

16.0

East Asia and the Pacific

21.0

Latin America and Caribbean 22.9

Latin America and Caribbean 16.9

Sub-Saharan Africa

26.3

Sub-Saharan Africa

44.7

Sub-Saharan Africa

24.2

South and West Asia

39.6

South and West Asia

39.3

South and West Asia

30.4

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

15

OECD PISA Scores - Top 25 Countries


Science

Mean
Score
556

Shanghai-China

Math

Mean
Score
600

Shanghai-China

Reading

Mean
Score
575

Shanghai-China

Korea

539

Singapore

562

Finland

554

Finland

536

Hong Kong-China

555

Hong Kong-China

549

Hong Kong-China

533

Korea

546

Singapore

542

Singapore

526

Chinese Taipei

543

Japan

539

Canada

524

Finland

541

Korea

538

New Zealand

521

Liechtenstein

536

New Zealand

532

Japan

520

Switzerland

534

Canada

529

Australia

515

Japan

529

Estonia

528

10

Netherlands

508

10

Canada

527

10

Australia

527

11

Belgium

506

11

Netherlands

526

11

Netherlands

522

12

Norway

503

12

Macao-China

525

12

Chinese Taipei

520

13

Estonia

501

13

New Zealand

519

13

Germany

520

14

Switzerland

501

14

Belgium

515

14

Liechtenstein

520

15

Poland

500

15

Australia

514

15

Switzerland

517

16

Iceland

500

16

Germany

513

16

United Kingdom

514

17

United States

500

17

Estonia

512

17

Slovenia

512

18

Liechtenstein

499

18

Iceland

507

18

Macao-China

511

19

Sweden

497

19

Denmark

503

19

Poland

508

20

Germany

497

20

Slovenia

501

20

Ireland

508

21

Ireland

496

21

Norway

498

21

Belgium

507

22

France

496

22

France

497

22

Hungary

503

23

Chinese Taipei

495

23

Slovak Republic

497

23

United States

502

24

Denmark

495

24

Austria

496

24

Czech Republic

500

25

United Kingdom

494

25

Poland

495

25

Norway

500

Source: OECD PISA Scores, 2009


OECDs Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) helps monitor student achievement on a regular
basis within an internationally accepted common framework, and allows compare students across countries. Every
three years, PISA collects information on student achievement and contextual information about students, teachers
and schools, and derives educational indicators that can monitor differences (and similarities) over time.
The United States failed to make the top 25 of Math category and performed low in Science and Reading.

16

Education Attainment in OECD Countries


Secondary Education Completion Rate in Select OECD Countries (2009)
Upper Secondary
Country

Grad. Rate

1 Portugal

96.4%

2 Slovenia

96.0%

3 Finland

95.2%

4 Japan

94.9%

5 United Kingdom

92.3%

6 Norway

91.5%

7 Ireland

91.3%

8 New Zealand

90.0%

9 Switzerland

89.7%

10 Israel

89.5%

11 Korea

88.8%

17 Czech Republic

83.8%

OECD average

82.2%

18 Slovak Republic

81.0%

19 Italy

80.8%

20 Canada

78.7%

21 United States

76.4%

Based on current patterns of graduation, it is estimated


that an average of 82% of todays young people in
OECD countries will complete upper secondary
education over their lif etimes. For G20 countries, the
rate is lower, at 75%.

In 21 of 28 countries with available data, f irst-time upper


secondary graduation rates exceed 75%. In Finland,
Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal,
Slovenia, Switzerland and the United Kingdom,
graduation rates equal or exceed 90%.

Since 1995, the upper secondary graduation rate has


increased by an average of 8% among OECD countries
with comparable data, which represents an annual
growth rate of 0.7%. The greatest growth occurred in
Chile and Portugal, both of which showed an annual
growth rate of more than twice the OECD average
between 1995 and 2009.

The United States f alls at the 21st spot f or upper


secondary graduation rate, 6% below the OECD
average

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

Source: OECD

17

Tertiary Education Completion Rate in Select OECD countries (2009)

Country

Tertiary Education
Completion rate
(as % of 25-64 age
population)

1 Canada

49.5%

2 Israel

44.9%

3 Japan

43.8%

4 United States

41.2%

5 New Zealand

40.1%

6 Korea

38.8%

7 Finland

37.3%

8 Australia

36.9%

9 United Kingdom

36.9%

10 Norway

36.7%

11 Estonia

36.0%

17 Sweden

33.0%

18 Netherlands

32.8%

19 Iceland

32.8%

OECD average

If current tertiary attainment rates among 25-34 year-olds


are maintained, the proportion of adults in France, Ireland,
Japan and Korea who have a tertiary education will grow
more than that of other OECD countries, while that
proportion in Austria, Brazil and Germany will f all f urther
behind other OECD countries.

More than 255 million people in OECD and G20 countries


with available data now have a tertiary education. While the
level of tertiary attainment in China is still low, because of
the size of its population, China still holds some 12% of all
tertiary graduates, compared with 11% in Japan and 26% in
the USA.

In 1998, on average across OECD countries, 37% of 25-64


year-olds had not completed upper secondary education,
42% had completed upper secondary and post-secondary
non-tertiary education, and another 21% had completed
tertiary education. By 2009, the proportion of adults who
had not attained an upper secondary education had f allen
by 10 %, the proportion with a tertiary degree had risen by
9%, and the proportion with upper secondary and postsecondary non-tertiary education had increased marginally,
by 2%.

29.9%

20 Spain

29.7%

21 France

28.9%

22 Germany

26.4%

60%

40%

20%

0%

Source: OECD

18

Post Secondary Penetration Rates

2006 Population

Penetration of Postsecondary age group

100%

1,400
M
1,200

80%
1,000
60%

800
600

40%

400
20%
200
0%

0
US

UK

Japan

China

Source: US DOE/NCES, PRC Min. of Education, UNESCO Statistical Yearbook, US Census Bureau

19

Education Expenditures
Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP
Country

Ed. Expenditure
(% of GDP)

Reported
Year

Thailand

14.0%

2010

Costa Rica

13.4%

2009

Kenya

13.1%

2008

Iran

11.5%

2009

Burkina Faso

9.2%

2010

Poland
Canada

9.1%
7.4%

2010
2008

Luxembourg

5.9%

2008

Puerto Rico

5.6%

2007

Finland

5.6%

2008

Saudi Arabia
United Kingdom

5.6%
5.5%

2008
2008

United Arab Emirates

5.2%

2008

Norway

4.9%

2008

Jamaica

4.9%

2008

Sudan

4.9%

2007

Russian Federation

4.9%

2009

Chile

4.8%

2010

Philippines

4.8%

2008

Bangladesh

4.8%

2008

Belgium

4.8%

2008

Nigeria

4.7%

2011

India

4.7%

2010

Israel

4.6%

2008

Algeria

4.3%

2008

China

3.6%

2010

Indonesia

3.4%

2008

Brazil
Hong Kong

2.6%
2.5%

2009
2009

Zambia

2.5%

2010

Ghana

2.4%

2008

Qatar

2.4%

2008

Afghanistan

2.4%

2008

Italy

2.1%

2008

Australia

2.0%

2010

1.3%

2008

Tanzania
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

20

Education Expenditures (% of GDP) (Continued)


Ed. Expenditure
(% of GDP)

Country
G-7
France

5.6%

Brazil

5.4%

Canada

4.8%

Germany

4.6%

Italy
Japan

4.6%
3.4%

Asian Tigers
Korea, South

4.8%

Hong Kong

3.6%

Singapore
3.3%
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

21

Education Expenditures OECD Overview


Ed. expenditure
(% of GDP)

Country

2000

2008

OECD Avg

5.5%

5.7%

Iceland
Korea
Israel
Norway
United States
Denmark
Chile
Belgium
New Zealand
Sweden
Argentina
Canada
France
Finland
Mexico
Estonia
Poland
Switzerland

7.1%
6.1%
7.6%
6.8%
6.9%
6.6%
6.7%
6.1%
6.3%
5.9%
6.4%
5.6%
5.0%
5.6%
5.7%

7.9%
7.6%
7.3%
7.3%
7.2%
7.1%
7.1%
6.6%
6.6%
6.3%
6.1%
6.0%
6.0%
5.9%
5.8%
5.8%
5.7%
5.7%

Ed. expenditure
(% of GDP)

Country

United Kingdom
Netherlands
Ireland
Austria
Brazil
Portugal
Australia
Spain
Japan
Italy
Germany
Hungary
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic

2000

2008

4.9%
5.1%
4.5%
5.5%
3.5%
5.2%
5.0%
4.8%
5.0%
4.5%
4.9%
4.3%
4.2%
4.1%

5.7%
5.6%
5.6%
5.4%
5.3%
5.2%
5.2%
5.1%
4.9%
4.8%
4.8%
4.8%
4.5%
4.0%

9%
2008

2000

6%

3%

Source: OECD Education at a Glance - 2011

22

Slovak Republic

Czech Republic

Hungary

Germany

Italy

Japan

Spain

Australia

Portugal

Brazil

Austria

Ireland

Netherlands

OECD Avg

United Kingdom

Switzerland

Poland

Mexico

Finland

France

Canada

Sweden

Belgium

Chile

Denmark

United States

Norway

Korea

Iceland

0%

Percentage of Disposable Income Spent on Education


8%

7.0%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%

2%

1.9%

2.0%

Japan

USA

1%
0%
China

Source: US Dept. of Labor, China Statistical Yearbook, Japan Statistics Bureau, ChinaHR.com, US Census Bureau,
Ministry of Personnel

23

Internet Users
Internet Users Distribution by Region

Af rica
6% North America
13%

Oceania/Australia
1%
Europe
23%

Asia
44%
Latin America
10%
Middle East
3%

Source: Internet World Stats, March 2011


The Internet megatrend enables people to exchange and create increasingly more information and is also an
important source of knowledge building and sharing. The internet also opens the doors to new learning technologies,
systems and methods.

24

Region

Internet Users (M)

Penetration Rate

Growth 2000-2011

World Total

2,095

30%

480%

1 North America

272

78%

152%

21

60%

179%

3 Europe

476

58%

353%

4 Latin America

216

36%

1037%

69

32%

1987%

6 Asia

922

24%

707%

7 Africa

119

11%

2527%

2 Oceania/Australia

5 Middle East

Penetration Rate

Growth 2000-2011

100%

3000%

75%

2000%

50%
1000%

25%
0%

0%

Source: Internet World Stats, March 2011

25

Top 50 Global Universities


Rank

University

Location Rank

University

Location

Massachusetts Institute of Tech.

USA

26 Michigan State University

USA

Stanford University

USA

27 University of Arizona

USA

Harvard University

USA

28 University of Southern California

USA

University of California, Berkeley

USA

29 Princeton University

USA

The University of Texas at Austin

USA

30 University of California, San Diego

USA

Cornell University

USA

31 University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill)

USA

University of Michigan

USA

32 University of Maryland

USA

University of Pennsylvania

USA

33 University of Chicago

USA

University of Washington

USA

34 California Institute of Technology

USA

10 Penn State University

USA

35 University of Toronto

11 Columbia University, NY

USA

36 Eidgenssische Technische Hochschule Switzerland


Zrich

12 University of Wisconsin-Madison

USA

37 Duke University

USA

13 University of Minnesota

USA

38 Texas A&M University

USA

14 University of California, Los Angeles

USA

39 Virginia Polytechnic Institute

USA

Canada

15 Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico Mexico

40 The University of Edinburgh

16 Yale University

USA

41 University of California, Davis

USA

17 Purdue University

USA

42 Arizona State University

USA
USA

18 University of Cambridge

UK

43 The Ohio State University

19 University of Oxford

UK

44 The University of British Columbia

UK

Canada

20 Carnegie Mellon University

USA

45 University College London

21 New York University

USA

46 University of Illinois(Urbana-Champaign)

USA

22 University of Virginia

USA

47 Johns Hopkins University

USA

23 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

USA

48 Universitt Wien

24 Indiana University

USA

49 University of Colorado Boulder

USA

25 University of Florida

USA

50 North Carolina State University

USA

26 Michigan State University

USA

Source: 4icu.org (4 International Colleges & Universities)

26

UK

Austria

Largest University Systems by Enrollment


Rank Institution

Location

Affiliation Enrollment

Allama Iqbal Open University

Islamabad, Pakistan

Public

1.9 million

Indira Gandhi National Open University

New Delhi, India

Public

1.8 million

Islamic Azad University

Tehran, Iran

Private

1.3 million

Anadolu University

Eskiehir, Turkey

Public

884,081

Bangladesh National University

Gazipur, Bangladesh

Public

800,000

Bangladesh Open University

Gazipur, Bangladesh

Public

600,000

University System of Ohio

Ohio, United States

Public

478,000

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University

Andhra Pradesh, India

Public

450,000

State University of New York

New York, United States

Public

418,000

10

California State University

California, United States

Public

417,000

11

University of Delhi

New Delhi, India

Public

400,000

12

Universitas Terbuka

Jakarta, Indonesia

Public

350,000

13

University of Karachi

Karachi, Pakistan

Public

345,000

14

Universidad de Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Public

316,050

15

State University System of Florida

Florida, United States

Public

301,570

16

Osmania University

Hyderabad, India

Public

300,000

17

Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University Nashik, India

Public

300,000

18

National Autonomous University of Mexico

Mexico City, Mexico

Public

290,000

19

Tribhuvan University

Kirtipur, Nepal

Public

272,746

20

University of South Africa

Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa

Public

250,000

21

Instituto Politecnico Nacional

Mexico City, Mexico

Public

229,070

22

City University of New York

New York City, United States

Public

220,727

23

Universidade Estcio de S

Rio de Janeiro,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

Private

215,000

24

Korea National Open University

South Korea

Public

210,978

25

University of California

California, United States

Public

209,080

26

Open University

Milton Keynes, UK

Public

203,744

27

University of Phoenix

Phoenix, Arizona, USA

Private

200,000

28

Cairo University

Cairo, Egypt

Public

200,000

29

University of Calcutta

Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Public

200,000

30

University of Texas System

Texas, United States

Public

190,000

Source: UNESCO Statistics, National Education Departments

27

International MBA Rankings


Ranking
Country
2012 2011 2010 Avg.

School

Stanford Graduate School of Business

USA

Harvard Business School

USA

University of Pennsylvania:Wharton

USA

London Business School

Columbia Business School

Insead

MIT: Sloan

USA

IE Business School

Spain

11

10

Iese Business School

Spain

10

Hong Kong UST Business School

China

11

11

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad

India

12

12

15

11

University of Chicago: Booth

USA

13

14

28

14

IMD

14

25

20

22

University of California at Berkeley: Haas

USA

15

20

22

18

Duke University: Fuqua

USA

16

21

13

20

Northwestern University: Kellogg

USA

17

15

18

15

New York University: Stern

USA

18

18

13

18

HEC Paris

19

18

12

17

Dartmouth College: Tuck

USA

20

13

16

15

Indian School of Business

India

20

15

16

17

Yale School of Management

USA

20

27

16

21

University of Oxford: Said

UK
USA
France/Singapore

Switzerland

France

Source: Financial Times, 2012

28

UK

U.S. DATA

29

The Structure of Education in the United States

Note: Figure is not intended to show relative number of institutions nor relative size of enrollment for the different
levels of education. Figure reflects typical patterns of progression rather than all possible variations. Adult Education
Programs, while not separately delineated above, may provide instruction at adult basic, adult secondary, or
postsecondary education levels.
Source: Institute of Education Sciences (ies) National Center for Education Statistics

30

Total Expenditures of Educational Institutions and % of GDP


School
Year

Total Expenditure
(in $, B)

%
of GDP

1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09E
2009-10E

190.8
204.7
221.0
239.4
259.3
281.0
301.8
333.2
365.8
395.3
417.9
439.7
460.8
485.2
508.5
538.9
570.5
603.8
649.3
705.0
752.8
795.7
830.3
876.0
925.7
984.0
1,054.2
1,080.0
1,111.0

6.1%
6.3%
6.3%
6.1%
6.1%
6.3%
6.4%
6.5%
6.7%
6.8%
7.0%
6.9%
6.9%
6.8%
6.9%
6.9%
6.8%
6.9%
6.9%
7.1%
7.3%
7.5%
7.5%
7.4%
7.3%
7.3%
7.5%
7.5%
7.9%

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010


Total expenditures of educational institutions have steadily increased in both dollar term and percentage of GDP since
1980.
After adjustment for inflation, total expenditures for all educational institutions rose by 85% between 199798 and
200708.

31

K-12
K-12 Fast Facts (2008-09 School Year)
TOTAL PUBLIC SCHOOL EXPENDITURES: $596.6B
Current Expenditures: $506.8B
Instruction: $308.2B
Student Services: $27.4B
Food Services: $19.2B
Enterprise Operations: $1.2B
Capital Outlay: $65.8B
Interest on School Debt: $15.7B
Other Current Expenditures: $8.3B
AVERAGE PUBLIC PER PUPIL EXPENDITURE: $10,499
PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO: 15.3:1
AVERAGE PRIVATE SCHOOL TUITION: $8,549
Elementary: $6,733
Secondary: $10,549
Combined: $10,045
PRIVATE SCHOOL STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO: 11:1
ElementarySchools: 12:1
Secondary Schools: 12:1
Combined Schools: 9:1
AVERAGE CATHOLIC SCHOOL TUITION: $4,947
Elementary: $3,383
Secondary: $8,787
CATHOLIC SCHOOL STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO: 14:1
Elementary: 14:1
Secondary: 12:1

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

32

Total and Current Expenditure per Pupil in Fall Enrollment in Public Schools
Total Exp.

Current Exp.

Unadjusted

Constant

Unadjusted

Constant

dollars

08-09 dollars

dollars

08-09 dollars

197071

$970

5,243

$842

4,552

198081

2,529

6,268

2,307

5,718

199091

5,486

8,790

4,902

7,857

199596

6,443

8,949

5,689

7,904

199697

6,764

9,133

5,923

8,002

199899

7,533

9,825

6,508

8,490

199900

8,033

10,182

6,912

8,765

200001

8,575

10,508

7,380

9,048

200102

8,996

10,833

7,727

9,309

200203

9,299

10,958

8,044

9,482

200304

9,627

11,103

8,310

9,586

200405

10,081

11,286

8,711

9,754

200506

10,615

11,438

9,154

9,865

200607

11,252

11,832

9,679

10,178

200708

11,950

12,117

10,297

10,441

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010


After an increase during the 1980s, current expenditure per student in public schools stabilized during the early
1990s. Between 199697 and 200708, current expenditure per student rose 30.5% after adjustment for inflation. In
200708, the current expenditure per student in fall enrollment was $10,297 ($10,441 in constant 200809 dollars).

33

State Current Education Expenditures


Expenditure ($, B)
Total

Instruction

506.83

290.68

1 California

61.57

34.46

2 New York

46.44

3 Texas

1
0 United States

Expenditure ($, B)
Total
Instruction
1
0 United States

506.83

290.68

27 Kentucky

5.82

3.22

30.17

28 Oregon

5.41

2.96

39.03

21.49

29 Oklahoma

4.93

2.75

4 Florida

24.22

13.65

30 Kansas

4.63

2.63

5 New Jersey

24.36

13.35

31 Iowa

4.50

2.55

6 Pennsylvania

21.16

12.48

32 Arkansas

4.16

2.37

7 Illinois

21.87

11.97

33 Mississippi

3.90

2.17

8 Ohio

18.89

10.47

34 Nevada

3.52

2.01

9 Michigan

17.05

9.65

35 Utah

3.44

1.89

10 Georgia

16.03

9.36

36 Nebraska

2.97

1.80

11 Massachusetts

13.16

7.96

37 New Mexico

3.06

1.64

12 Virginia

13.13

7.63

38 West Virginia

2.84

1.63

13 North Carolina

11.48

6.98

39 Maine

2.31

1.48

14 Maryland

11.19

6.26

40 New Hampshire

2.40

1.45

15 Indiana

9.28

5.70

41 Rhode Island

2.13

1.23

16 Wisconsin

9.37

5.53

42 Hawaii2

2.12

1.21

17 Washington

9.33

5.20

43 Idaho

1.89

1.09

18 Minnesota

8.42

5.20

44 Alaska

1.92

0.93

19 Missouri

8.53

4.81

45 Delaware

1.49

0.86

20 Connecticut

8.34

4.93

46 Vermont

1.36

0.82

21 Arizona

8.40

4.75

47 Montana

1.39

0.80

22 Tennessee

7.54

4.45

48 Wyoming

1.19

0.66

23 Colorado

7.34

3.81

49 District of Columbia2

1.28

0.59

24 Alabama

6.83

3.66

50 South Dakota

1.04

0.57

25 Louisiana

6.81

3.51

51 North Dakota

0.89

0.49

26 South Carolina

6.45

3.47

Note:
1
US totals include the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
2
Both the District of Columbia and Hawaii have only one school district each; therefore, neither is comparable to other
states.
Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

34

State Education Expenditure per Pupil

Fall 2008

Expenditure

Fall 2008

Expenditure

Enrollment

Per Pupil

Enrollment

Per Pupil

(In M)

($)

(In M)

($)

49.27

10,297

49.27

10,297

1.38

17,620

27 California

6.32

9,706

2.74

16,794

28 Georgia

1.66

9,718

0.07

16,353

29 Oregon

0.58

9,565

4 Alaska

0.13

14,641

30 Missouri

0.92

9,532

5 Connecticut

0.57

14,610

31 Iowa

0.49

9,520

6 Rhode Island

0.15

14,459

32 North Dakota

0.09

9,324

7 Vermont

0.09

14,421

33 New Mexico

0.33

9,291

8 Wyoming

0.09

13,856

34 Alabama

0.75

9,197

9 Massachusetts

0.96

13,667

35 Colorado

0.82

9,152

10 Maryland

0.84

13,235

36 Florida

2.63

9,084

11 Delaware

0.13

12,153

37 South Carolina

0.72

9,060

12 New Hampshire

0.20

11,951

38 Washington

1.04

9,058

13 Maine

0.19

11,761

39 Indiana

1.05

8,867

1.78

11,741

40 Kentucky

0.67

8,740

0.18

11,800

41 Arkansas

0.48

8,677

16 Wisconsin

0.87

10,791

42 South Dakota

0.13

8,535

17 Virginia

1.24

10,664

43 Texas

4.75

8,350

18 Nebraska

0.29

10,565

44 Nevada

0.43

8,187

19 Illinois

2.12

10,353

45 Mississippi

0.49

7,890

20 Ohio

1.82

10,340

46 Tennessee

0.97

7,820

21 Michigan

1.66

10,075

47 North Carolina

1.49

7,798

22 West Virginia

0.28

10,059

48 Arizona

1.09

7,727

23 Minnesota

0.84

10,048

49 Oklahoma

0.65

7,683

24 Louisiana

0.68

10,006

50 Idaho

0.28

6,951

25 Kansas

0.47

9,883

51 Utah

0.56

5,978

26 Montana

0.14

9,786

United States
1 New Jersey
2 New York

3 District of Columbia

14 Pennsylvania
15 Hawaii

United States

Note:
1
US totals include the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
2
Both the District of Columbia and Hawaii have only one school district each; therefore, neither is comparable to other
states.
Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

35

Pre-K and Kindergarten Enrollment

1980

1990

2000

2005

2009

4,878

6,659

7,592

7,801

8,076

52.5%

59.4%

64.0%

82.7%

63.5%

Public

3,066

3,971

4,847

5,213

5,847

Private

1,812

2,688

2,745

2,588

2,229

Pre-kindergarten

1,981

3,379

4,326

4,529

4,648

Kindergarten

2,897

3,280

3,266

3,272

3,428

Full-day

1,551

2,577

4,008

4,548

4,916

Part-day

3,327

4,082

3,584

3,253

3,160

31.8%

38.7%

52.8%

58.3%

60.9%

Total
Percent enrolled
Control

Level

Attendance

Percent full day

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010


In 2009, about two-thirds of 3- to 5-year-olds were enrolled in pre-k or kindergarten programs. Also, about 61% of
children in pre-k and kindergarten programs attended a full-day program, up from 53% in 2000.

36

K-12 Enrollment (in M)


Public

Private

Year
Total

Total

Pre K-8

9-12

Total

Pre K-8

9-12

1970

51.3

45.9

32.6

13.3

5.4

4.1

1.31

1980

46.2

40.9

27.6

13.2

5.3

4.0

1.34

1990

46.9

41.2

29.9

11.3

5.6

4.5

1.14

1995

50.8

44.8

32.3

12.5

5.9

4.8

1.14

2000

53.4

47.2

33.7

13.5

6.2

4.9

1.26

2001

54.0

47.7

33.9

13.7

6.3

5.0

1.30

2002

54.4

48.2

34.1

14.1

6.2

4.9

1.31

2003

54.6

48.5

34.2

14.3

6.1

4.8

1.31

2004

54.9

48.8

34.2

14.6

6.1

4.8

1.33

2005

55.2

49.1

34.2

14.9

6.1

4.7

1.35

2006

55.3

49.3

34.2

15.1

6.0

4.6

1.36

2007

55.2

49.3

34.2

15.1

5.9

4.5

1.36

2008

55.2

49.3

34.3

15.0

6.0

4.6

1.40

2009E

55.3

49.3

34.5

14.8

6.0

4.6

1.39

2010E

55.3

49.4

34.7

14.7

6.0

4.6

1.38

2011E

55.5

49.6

35.0

14.6

6.0

4.6

1.36

2012E

55.8

49.8

35.2

14.6

6.0

4.6

1.34

2015E

56.9

50.8

35.9

14.9

6.0

4.8

1.27

58.6
52.3
37.2
15.2
6.2
2019E
Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

4.9

1.32

K-12 Enrollment Trend (in M)


60

50
40

30
20

10
0
1990

2000

2002

2004

2006

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

37

2008

2010E

2012E

2019E

Public K-12 Enrollments Trend (in M)


Pre K-8

9-12

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

1970

1990

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2006

2008

2010E

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

Private K-12 Enrollments Trend (in M)


Pre K-8

9-12

7
6

5
4
3
2
1

0
1970

1990

2000

2002

2004

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

38

2010E

Percentage of 3- to 17-Year-Olds Enrolled in School


Years
3 and 4

5 and 6

7 to 13

14 to 17

1970

20.5%

89.5%

99.2%

94.1%

1980

36.7

95.7

99.3

93.4

1985

38.9

96.1

99.2

94.9

1990

44.4

96.5

99.6

95.8

1995

48.7

96.0

98.9

96.3

1997

52.6

96.5

99.1

96.6

1998

52.1

95.6

98.9

96.1

1999

54.2

96.0

98.7

95.8

2000

52.1

95.6

98.2

95.7

2001

52.4

95.3

98.3

95.8

2002

56.3

95.5

98.3

96.4

2003

55.1

94.5

98.3

96.2

2004

54.0

95.4

98.4

96.5

2005

53.6

95.4

98.6

96.5

2006

55.7

94.6

98.3

96.4

2007

54.5

94.7

98.4

96.4

2008

52.8

93.8

98.7

96.6

2009

52.4

94.1

98.2

96.3

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010


Enrollment of 3 to 4-year-olds has more than doubled since 1970. Enrollment of 5 to 6 and 14 to 17-year-olds has
increased slightly over the past 30 years, while enrollment of 7 to 13 year olds has dropped slightly.

39

National 8th Grade Comparison


Mathematics
2011
National Public
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

8th Grade Average in


Reading
Science
2011
2011

284
269
283
279
279
273
292
287
283
260
278
278
278
287
283
285
285
290
282
273
289
288
299
280
295
269
282
293
283
278
292
294
274
280
286
292
289
279
283
286
283
281
291
274
290
283
294
289
288
273
289
288

265
258
261
260
259
255
271
275
266
242
262
262
257
268
266
265
265
267
269
255
270
271
275
265
270
254
267
273
268
258
272
275
256
266
263
269
268
260
264
268
265
260
269
259
261
267
274
267
268
256
267
270

Note: Writing results are from 2007.


Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics

40

150
139
NA
141
144
137
156
155
148
NA
146
147
139
158
148
152
156
NA
156
139
158
148
160
153
159
132
156
162
NA
141
160
155
143
149
144
162
158
146
154
154
146
143
161
148
150
158
156
155
145
157
158
158

Writing
2007
154
148
NA
148
151
148
161
172
158
NA
158
153
144
154
160
155
155
156
151
147
161
NA
167
151
156
142
153
157
NA
143
160
175
143
154
153
154
156
153
NA
159
154
148
NA
156
151
152
162
157
158
146
158
158

Performance of 8th-Graders in NAEP Reading, by Selected Characteristics

Selected characteristic

1992

2002

2007

2011

260

264

263

265

Male

254

260

258

261

Female

267

269

268

270

White

267

272

272

274

Black

237

245

245

249

Hispanic

241

247

247

252

Asian/Pacific Islander

268

267

271

275

American Indian/Alaska Native

NA

250

247

252

Did not complete high school

243

248

245

248

Completed high school

251

257

253

254

Some postsecondary

265

268

266

267

Graduated college

271

274

273

275

Average scale score


Sex

Race/ethnicity

Parents highest education level

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, Nations Report Card
th

8 graders performance has shown little improvement since 1992 and virtually no change since 2002.
Females consistently score higher than male students.
th

th

White and Asian/Pacific Islanders 8 graders scores higher than Black and Hispanic 8 graders, a trend that will later
be reflected in graduation and dropout rates (Dropout rates, by race/ethnicity, in page 47)

41

Teachers and Pupil/Teacher Ratios in Public and Private K-12 Schools


Total

Public

Private

Teachers, in thousands
1980

2,485

2,184

301

1990

2,759

2,398

361

1998

3,230

2,830

400

2000

3,366

2,941

424

2005

3,593

3,143

450

2007

3,634

3,178

456

2008

3,674

3,219

455

2009E

3,617

3,161

457

Public

Private

Total

Thousands
3

2
1
0
1980

1990

1998

2000

2005

2007

2008 2009E

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

Total

Public

Private

Pupil/Teacher Ratio

Public

Private

Total

20

1980

18.6%

18.7%

17.7%

1990

17.0

17.2

15.6

16

1998

16.3

16.4

15.0

12

2000

15.9

16.0

14.5

2005

15.4

15.6

13.5

2007

15.2

15.5

13.0

2008

15.0

15.3

13.1

2009E

15.3

15.6

13.1

1980

1990

1998

2000

2005

2007

2008 2009E

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

The number of public elementary and secondary school teachers rose by 15% between 1998 and 2009. The number
of public school teachers has risen faster than the number of students during that period, resulting in declines in the
pupil/teacher ratio. In the fall of 2008, there were 15.3 public school pupils per teacher compared with 16.4 public
school pupils per teacher in 1998. The pupil/teacher ratio in private schools was projected at 13.1 pupils per teacher
for fall 2009.

42

Estimated Avg. Annual Salary for Public K-12 Teachers


All

Elementary

Secondary

Teachers

Teachers

Teachers

197071

$50,081

$48,746

$51,702

197576

48,770

47,531

50,074

198081

43,722

42,696

44,956

198586

49,709

48,760

50,985

199091

53,031

52,079

54,332

199596

52,299

51,598

53,348

200001

53,180

52,606

54,008

200304

53,686

53,277

54,187

200405

53,209

52,767

53,401

200506

52,950

52,397

53,393

200607

53,683

53,355

54,184

200708

53,537

53,116

54,006

200809

54,319

53,998

54,552

200910

54,819

54,781

54,505

Year

Note: In constant 200809 dollars


Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010
After adjustment for inflation, teachers salaries were 9.4% higher in 2009-10 than they were in 197071, 25.4%
higher than the low-point of 1980 and 3.4% than they were in 1990.

43

Percentage of 18- to 24-year-olds Enrolled in High School or College


Age in Years
18 and 19
20 and 21

22 to 24

1985

51.6%

35.3%

16.9%

1990

57.2

39.7

21.0

1992

61.4

44.0

23.7

1993

61.6

42.7

23.6

1994

60.2

44.9

24.0

1995

59.4

44.9

23.2

1996

61.5

44.4

24.8

1997

61.5

45.9

26.4

1998

62.2

44.8

24.9

1999

60.6

45.3

24.5

2000

61.2

44.1

24.6

2001

61.1

46.1

25.5

2002

63.3

47.8

25.6

2003

64.5

48.3

27.8

2004

64.4

48.9

26.3

2005

67.6

48.7

27.3

2006

65.5

47.5

26.7

2007

66.8

48.4

27.3

2008

66.0

50.1

28.2

2009

68.9

51.7

30.4

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010


The percentage of 18- and 19-year-olds attending high school or college rose from 60.6% in 1999 to 68.9% in 2009.
The enrollment rate of 22- to 24-yearolds rose from 24.5% in 1999 to 30.4% in 2009. Currently, the enrollment rate for
all categories is at the highest, of the last 24 years.

44

Trend in High School Graduation

Public

Private

3,500
Thousands
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010P

2012P

2014P

Note: Private school numbers are estimated based on data from the Private School Universe Survey.
Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2011

45

2016P

Dropout Rates, by Race/Ethnicity


Year

Race/Ethnicity

Total

White

Black

Hispanic

1990

12.1%

9.0%

13.2%

32.4%

1991

12.5%

8.9%

13.6%

35.3%

1992

11.0%

7.7%

13.7%

29.4%

1993

11.0%

7.9%

13.6%

27.5%

1994

11.5%

7.7%

12.6%

30.0%

1995

12.0%

8.6%

12.1%

30.0%

1996

11.1%

7.3%

13.0%

29.4%

1997

11.0%

7.6%

13.4%

25.3%

1998

11.8%

7.7%

13.8%

29.5%

1999

11.2%

7.3%

12.6%

28.6%

2000

10.9%

6.9%

13.1%

27.8%

2001

10.7%

7.3%

10.9%

27.0%

2002

10.5%

6.5%

11.3%

25.7%

2003

9.9%

6.3%

10.9%

23.5%

2004

10.3%

6.8%

11.8%

23.8%

2005

9.4%

6.0%

10.4%

22.4%

2006

9.3%

5.8%

10.7%

22.1%

2007

9.3%

5.8%

10.7%

22.1%

2008

9.3%

5.8%

10.7%

22.1%

2009

9.3%

5.8%

10.7%

22.1%

Total

White

Black

Hispanic

40%
35%
30%

25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010


Approximately one out of every 4 Hispanic students will drop out of school. In contrast, black students tend to drop out
as often as the national average, while white students show the lower dropout rate of all categories.

46

High School Graduation Rate, by Gender (in Percentage)

Total

Male

Female

92%
90%
88%
86%
84%
82%
80%
78%
76%
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010


The high school graduation rate of females surpassed the males high school graduation rate in 1983. Since then, the
gap has not been closed and has increased in recent years.

47

Charter Schools
National Charter School Data
Operating in
State
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
D.C.
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTAL

Total
Opened in
'10-'11
Operating

Total

07 - '08

09-'10

25
477
18
698
140
19
19
75
347
65
29
30
63
41
10
33
54
30
62
243
145
1
37
21
11
58
66
99
102
285
15
81
130
11
29
12
320
60
3
246
3

28
564
28
827
161
21
19
96
427
92
32
34
83
54
9
37
82
37
64
286
161
0
40
27
11
71
73
153
101
334
17
98
147
13
37
20
402
77
3
218
4

2
17
4
114
15
1
1
5
56
17
0
5
16
8
0
0
14
3
2
13
0
0
6
0
0
7
9
33
3
34
0
11
8
3
8
8
20
6
1
15
0

30
581
32
941
176
22
20
101
483
109
32
39
99
62
9
37
96
40
66
299
161
0
46
27
11
78
82
186
104
368
17
109
155
16
45
28
422
83
4
233
4

6,169
142,848
10,099
348,686
66,186
4,992
9,581
29,557
150,199
57,987
7,668
14,951
37,860
19,669
1,413
5,003
33,083
9,792
25,167
111,397
30,184
0
17,684
8,033
2,162
20,626
14,932
47,364
36,577
114,554
5,970
17,261
85,142
3,402
12,627
4,963
139,665
35,019
341
40,645
505

4,213

4,988

465

5,443

1,729,963

Source: The Center for Education Reform - October 2010


Note: States with no new schools opened are highlighted.

48

Enrollment

Top 10 Charter Communities (by Market Share)

School District

Charter
Mkt. Share

Charter

Non-charter

All

1 New Orleans, LA

61%

22,481

14,335

36,816

2 Washington, DC

38

27,660

45,051

72,711

3 Detroit, MI

36

50,139

89,488

139,627

4 Kansas City, MO

32

8,834

18,839

27,673

5 Dayton,OH

29

6,204

15,075

21,279

Flint,MI

29

5,270

12,774

18,044

6 Gary,IN

28

4,509

11,798

16,307

7 DeSoto,TX

27

2,434

9,069

11,503

27

9,584

26,311

35,895

8 Central Dauphin,PA

St. Louis, MO

26

3,767

10,900

14,667

9 Albany, NY

24

2,589

7,979

10,568

10 West Chester,PA

23

3,585

11,800

15,385

Source: National Alliance for Public Charter Schools, 2010

49

Homeschooling
General Facts and Trends

There were an estimated 1.73M to 2.35M children (in grades K to 12) home educated during the spring of
2010 in the United States. The home school population is continuing to grow (at an estimated 2% to 8% per
annum over the past few years).

Homeschooling is quickly growing in popularity among minorities. About 15% of home school families are
non-white/non-Hispanic.

Reasons for Home Educating

Customize or individualize the curriculum and learning environment for each child.

Accomplish more academically than in schools.

Use pedagogical approaches other than those typical in institutional schools.

Enhance family relationships between children and parents and among siblings.

Provide guided and reasoned social interactions with youthful peers and adults.

Provide a safer environment for children and youth, because of physical violence, drugs and alcohol,
psychological abuse, and improper and unhealthy sexuality associated with institutional schools.

Teach and impart a particular set of values, beliefs, and worldview to children and youth.

Academic Performance

The home-educated students typically score 15 to 30 percentile points above public-school students on
standardized academic achievement tests. (Percentiles range from 1 to 99 on these tests.)

Home school students score above average on achievement tests regardless of their parents level of formal
education or their familys household income.

Whether home school parents were ever certified teachers is not related to their childrens academic
achievement.

Home-educated students typically score above average on the SAT and ACT tests that colleges consider for
admissions.

Home-school students are increasingly being actively recruited by colleges.

Source: Research Facts on Homeschooling Brian D. Ray, PhD January 11, 2011.

50

Number of Homeschooled Students, by State

2000

2003

2006

2009

2010

Arkansas

11,038

12,497

13,814

16,061

15,791

Colorado

9,380

8,591

5,663

6,501

6,462

Connecticut

2,193

2,269

N/A

N/A

N/A

Delaware

2,174

2,287

2,484

2,606

2,713

Florida

37,196

45,333

55,822

62,567

69,281

Georgia

28,898

34,363

39,477

40,510

42,474

4,375

4,718

4,567

4,927

N/A

Maryland

17,383

21,205

24,277

N/A

N/A

Minnesota

15,249

17,533

17,631

N/A

N/A

Montana

3,627

3,917

4,093

4,075

4,269

Nebraska

4,659

4,929

5,956

6,295

6,540

New Hampshire

3,895

4,343

4,599

5,113

N/A

33,860

54,501

68,707

81,509

83,609

N/A

N/A

23,733

23,715

21,864

Oregon

14,509

20,401

15,220

20,617

N/A

Pennsylvania

24,019

24,076

22,136

21,240

N/A

South Dakota

2,237

2,384

2,007

2,855

3,070

N/A

N/A

8,540

9,177

8,154

Virginia

14,323

18,102

20,240

23,290

24,682

Washington

20,433

19,337

17,577

N/A

N/A

N/A

5,091

6,342

7,027

7, 015

Wisconsin

20,382

21,034

20,157

19,049

N/A

Wyoming

2,000

2,093

2,381

2,325

N/A

Maine

North Carolina
Ohio

Utah

West Virginia

Note: States with Decrease in Homeschooled kids between 2009 and 2010 are highlighted.
Source: Various State Statistics, 2011

51

Reasons for Homeschooling


Important

Reasons for homeschooling

Most important

Number Percent

Number Percent

A desire to provide religious or moral instruction

1,257,000

83

540,000

36

A concern about environment of other schools

1,321,000

88

309,000

21

Dissatisfaction with academic instruction at other schools1,096,000


485,000
Other reasons

73

258,000

17

32

216,000

14

Desire to provide a nontraditional approach to education

984,000

65

99,000

Child has other special needs

315,000

21

55,000

Note: Homeschooled students exclude those enrolled in public or private school more than 25 hours per week and
those homeschooled only because of temporary illness. Percentages are based on a population of 1,508,000
homeschoolers.
Source: US DoE, NCES, Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of 2007 (NHES).

Number and Percentage of Homeschooled Students


1999
Characteristic

# of
students 1

2003

Home# of
# home# homeschoole
schooled
students 1 schooled
d (%)

2007
Home# of
schoole
students 1
d (%)

# homeschooled

Homeschool
ed (%)

50.19 M

0.85 M

1.7%

50.71 M

1.10 M

2.2%

51.14 M

1.51 M

2.9%

Two parentsboth in labor force

22.88

0.24

1.0

25.11

0.27

1.1

0.00

0.24

1.0

Two parentsone in labor force

9.63

4.6

10.55

5.6

0.00

0.44

4.6

Total
Parents' in labor force

0.44

0.59

13.91

0.10

0.7

12.04

0.17

1.4

0.00

0.10

0.7

3.77

0.07

1.9

3.01

0.05

1.8

0.00

0.07

1.9

$25,000 or less

16.78

0.26

1.6

12.38

0.28

2.3

0.00

0.26

1.6

25,00150,000

15.22

0.28

1.8

13.22

0.31

2.4

0.00

0.28

1.8

50,00175,000

8.58

0.16

1.9

10.96

0.26

2.4

0.00

0.16

1.9

75,001 or more

9.62

0.15

1.5

14.15

0.24

1.7

0.00

0.15

1.5

High school diploma or less

18.33

0.16

0.9

16.11

0.27

1.7

0.00

0.16

0.9

Voc/tech degree / some college

15.18

0.29

1.9

16.07

0.34

2.1

0.00

0.29

1.9

Bachelor's degree

8.27

0.21

2.6

9.80

0.27

2.8

0.00

0.21

2.6

Graduate/professional school

8.41

0.19

2.3

8.73

0.22

2.5

0.00

0.19

2.3

One parent in labor force


No parent in labor force
Household Income

Parents' highest education

Number of students refers to all students in public and private schools and homeschooled students.

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics

52

Transition to College
SAT Score Averages of College-Bound Seniors

Race/ethnicity

1990-91 1996-97 2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

SAT-Critical reading
All students

499

505

506

507

508

503

502

502

501

501

White

518

526

529

529

532

527

527

528

528

528

Black

427

434

433

431

433

434

433

430

429

429

Hispanic or Latino

458

466

460

457

463

458

455

454

453

454

Mexican American

454

451

451

448

453

454

459

456

452

454

Puerto Rican

436

454

457

456

460

459

459

455

455

454

Asian

485

496

501

508

511

510

514

513

516

519

American Indian

470

475

481

480

489

487

487

485

486

485

Other

486

512

503

501

495

494

497

496

494

494

All students

500

511

514

519

520

518

515

515

515

516

White

513

526

531

534

536

536

534

537

536

536

Black

419

423

426

426

431

429

429

426

426

428

Hispanic or Latino

462

468

465

464

469

463

466

463

463

467

Mexican American

459

458

458

457

463

465

454

453

450

452

Puerto Rican

439

447

451

453

457

456

463

461

461

462

Asian

548

560

566

575

580

578

578

581

587

591

American Indian

468

475

479

482

493

494

494

491

493

492

Other

492

514

512

513

513

513

512

512

514

514

SAT-Mathematics

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

53

Percentage of High School Graduates Who Were Enrolled in College Immediately After
High School Completion, by Race/Ethnicity

Race/ethnicity
Total
White

Black

Hispanic

White/Black White/Hispanic
Gap
Gap

1990

60.1%

63.0%

46.8%

42.7%

16.2%

20.3%

1995

61.9%

64.3%

51.2%

53.7%

13.1%

10.6%

1997

67.0%

68.2%

58.5%

65.6%

9.7%

2.6%

1999

62.9%

66.3%

58.9%

42.3%

7.4%

24.0%

2000

63.3%

65.7%

54.9%

52.9%

10.8%

12.8%

2001

61.7%

64.2%

54.6%

51.7%

9.6%

12.5%

2002

65.2%

68.9%

59.4%

53.3%

9.5%

15.6%

2003

63.9%

66.2%

57.5%

58.6%

8.7%

7.6%

2004

66.7%

68.8%

62.5%

61.8%

6.3%

7.0%

2005

68.6%

73.2%

55.7%

54.0%

17.5%

19.2%

2006

66.0%

68.5%

55.5%

57.9%

13.0%

10.6%

2007

67.2%

69.5%

55.7%

64.0%

13.8%

5.5%
7.8%
12.0%

2008

68.6%

71.7%

55.7%

63.9%

16.0%

2009

70.1%

71.3%

69.5%

59.3%

1.8%

Total

White

Black

Hispanic

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%
1990

1997

2000

2002

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

54

2004

2006

2008

Percentage of High School Graduates Who Were Enrolled in College Immediately After
High School Completion, by Family Income Level

Family Income
Low

Middle

High

Gap
High/Low

1990

46.7%

54.4%

76.6%

29.9%

1995

34.2%

56.0%

83.5%

49.2%

1997

57.0%

60.7%

82.2%

25.2%

1999

49.4%

59.4%

76.1%

26.7%

2000

49.7%

59.5%

76.9%

27.2%

2001

43.8%

56.3%

79.9%

36.1%

2002

56.4%

60.7%

78.2%

21.8%

2003

52.8%

57.6%

80.1%

27.3%

2004

47.8%

63.3%

80.1%

32.3%

2005

53.5%

65.1%

81.2%

27.6%

2006
2007
2008
2009

50.9%
58.4%
55.5%
54.1%

61.4%
63.3%
65.3%
66.8%

80.7%
78.2%
81.9%
84.2%

29.8%
19.8%
26.4%
30.1%

Total

Low

Middle

High

2004

2006

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%

40%
30%
1990

1997

2000

2002

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

55

2008

Postsecondary
Total Undergraduate Enrollment in Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions
(in Millions)

Total

Gender
Male

Attendance Status

Female Full-time Part-time

Level of Institution Control of Institution


4-year

2-year

Public

Private

1990

12.0

5.4

6.6

7.0

5.0

6.7

5.2

9.7

2.3

1991

12.4

5.6

6.9

7.2

5.2

6.8

5.7

10.1

2.3

1992

12.5

5.6

7.0

7.2

5.3

6.8

5.7

10.2

2.3

1993

12.3

5.5

6.8

7.2

5.1

6.8

5.6

10.0

2.3

1994

12.5

5.6

7.0

7.2

5.3

7.0

5.5

10.2

2.3

1995

12.2

5.4

6.8

7.1

5.1

6.7

5.5

9.9

2.3

1996

12.3

5.4

6.9

7.3

5.0

6.8

5.6

9.9

2.4

1997

12.5

5.5

7.0

7.4

5.0

6.8

5.6

10.0

2.4

1998

12.4

5.4

7.0

7.5

4.9

6.9

5.5

10.0

2.5

1999

12.7

5.6

7.1

7.7

4.9

7.1

5.6

10.1

2.6

2000

13.2

5.8

7.4

7.9

5.2

7.2

5.9

10.5

2.6

2001

13.7

6.0

7.7

8.3

5.4

7.5

6.3

11.0

2.7

2002

14.3

6.2

8.1

8.7

5.5

7.7

6.5

11.4

2.8

2003

14.5

6.2

8.3

9.0

5.4

8.0

6.5

11.5

3.0

2004

14.8

6.3

8.4

9.3

5.5

8.2

6.5

11.7

3.1

2005

15.0

6.4

8.6

9.4

5.5

8.5

6.5

11.7

3.3

2006

15.2

6.5

8.7

9.6

5.6

8.7

6.5

11.8

3.3

2007

15.6

6.7

8.9

9.8

5.8

8.7

6.7

12.1

3.5

2008

16.4

7.1

9.3

10.3

6.1

8.8

6.8

12.6

3.8

2009

17.6

7.6

9.9

11.1

6.4

8.9

6.9

13.4

4.2

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

56

Total Undergraduate Enrollment in Degree-Granting 2- and 4-year Postsecondary


Institutions by Gender
Sex
Male

Male

Female

Female
12M

1990

45.0%

55.0%

1991

44.8

55.2

1992

44.5

55.5

1993

44.5

55.5

1994

44.5

55.5

1995

44.2

55.8

1996

44.0

56.0

1997

43.9

56.1

1998

43.8

56.2

1999

43.8

56.2

2000

43.9

56.1

2001

43.8

56.2

2002

43.4

56.6

2003

43.0

57.0

2004

42.9

57.1

2005

42.8

57.2

2006

42.9

57.1

2007

43.1

56.9

2008

43.2

56.8

2009

43.2

56.4

10M
8M
6M

4M
2M

0M
1990

1992

1994

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

57

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Total Fall Enrollment in Degree-Granting Institutions by Student Level


Enrollment (M)

Student Characteristic
2000

2002

2004

2005

2008

2009

Total

15.31

16.61

17.27

17.49

19.10

20.43

Undergraduate

13.16

14.26

14.78

14.96

16.36

17.56

Graduate

1.85

2.04

2.16

2.19

2.74

2.86

First-professional

0.31

0.32

0.34

0.34

Undergraduate

Post-baccalaureate

25
M
20

15

10

0
2000

2002

2004

2005

Note: Graduate and First-Professional together is referred as Post-baccalaureate


Source: Digest of Education Statistics - 2010

58

2008

2009

Total Post-Baccalaureate Enrollment in Degree-Granting Institutions, by Gender and


Attendance Status
Total
Enrollment

Post-Baccalaureate (in thousands)


Total

Male

Female Full-Time Part-Time

1990

1,860

1,586

904

955

845

1,015

1991

1,920

1,639

931

989

894

1,026

1992

1,950

1,669

941

1,009

918

1,032

1993

1,981

1,688

944

1,037

948

1,033

1994

2,016

1,721

950

1,066

969

1,047

1995

2,030

1,732

941

1,089

984

1,047

1996

2,041

1,742

932

1,108

1,004

1,036

1997

2,052

1,753

927

1,124

1,019

1,032

1998

2,070

1,768

923

1,147

1,025

1,045

1999

2,110

1,807

931

1,179

1,051

1,059

2000

2,157

1,850

944

1,213

1,087

1,070

2001

2,212

1,904

956

1,256

1,120

1,093

2002

2,355

2,036 1,010

1,345

1,212

1,143

2003

2,431

2,102 1,033

1,398

1,281

1,150

2004

2,491

2,157 1,047

1,444

1,326

1,166

2005

2,524

2,186 1,047

1,476

1,351

1,173

2006

2,575

2,231 1,061

1,514

1,386

1,188

2007

2,644

2,259 1,088

1,556

1,429

1,215

2008

2,737

2,275 1,122

1,615

1,493

1,244

2009

2,862

2,290 1,174

1,688

1,579

1,283

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

59

First-Profess

Trends in Post- Baccalaureate Enrollments


Student Race/Ethnicity

1976

1980

1990

1995

2000

2006

2009

Enrollment in thousands
Total

1,567

1,618

1,859

2,030

2,157

2,574

2,862

White

1,336

1,353

1,449

1,505

1,479

1,687

1,816

155

170

237

338

437

612

740

Black

89

88

100

140

182

274

342

Hispanic

31

39

58

82

110

154

184

Asian/Pacific Islander

29

38

72

106

133

168

195

10

12

17

18

75

95

172

186

240

274

306

Total minority

American Indian/Alaska Native


Nonresident alien

Percentage Distribution
White

84.4

82.4

77.4

74.0

68.0

64.8

63.5

Total minority

10.2

10.7

12.0

15.6

19.4

23.3

25.9

Black

5.9

5.6

5.3

6.8

8.5

11.1

11.9

Hispanic

2.0

2.4

3.0

3.9

5.2

6.1

6.4

Asian/Pacific Islander

1.9

2.4

3.4

4.4

5.2

5.5

6.8

American Indian/Alaska Native

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

5.5

6.9

10.5

10.4

12.6

11.9

10.7

Nonresident alien

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

60

First Time Graduate Enrollment - General and Broad Field by Gender


Field of Study

Men

Women

Other

38%

62%

Soc & Behavioral Science

38%

62%

Public Admin & Services

22%

78%

Physical & Earth Science

61%

39%

Math & Computer Science

70%

30%

Health Sciences

20%

80%

Engineering

76%

24%

Education

25%

75%

Business

57%

43%

Biological and Agri Science

46%

54%

Arts & Humanities

43%

57%

Total

42%

58%

Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees (Fall 2010)

First Time Graduate Enrollment - Classification and Attendance Status


Type

Full time Part time

Other

70%

30%

Masters

48%

52%

Doctoral

64%

36%

High Research

64%

36%

Very High Research

82%

18%

Total

67%

33%

Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees (Fall 2010)

61

Fall Enrollment for Adult Learners: 25 Years and Older

9
M

4
1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009 2010E 2014E 2019E

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010


The number of adult learners has grown 43% to approximately 8.6M since 2000 and is expected to increase another
13% to 9.72M by 2019.

62

Mobility of College Students


Freshmen
Enrollment
United States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

1,444,239
23,996
2,342
22,004
15,112
116,252
24,467
19,656
4,905
8,659
70,373
44,482
3,846
7,510
53,440
45,913
19,022
14,746
22,576
23,928
7,541
19,922
50,540
51,283
26,776
9,353
28,854
5,324
11,117
7,603
9,032
26,223
7,393
108,398
45,861
6,239
66,257
17,572
14,633
86,833
11,393
22,095
5,715
29,351
84,742
18,188
6,460
41,853
22,786
11,998
34,522
1,601

State residents enrolled

% of
% of Total
freshmen
Any State Home State
in-state
in-state
1,417,313
1,053,563
73%
74%
18,441
3,543
16,783
12,686
124,747
24,212
24,541
3,832
2,349
67,932
47,179
5,345
6,499
63,938
37,329
14,151
13,874
19,499
21,131
7,512
28,546
43,646
52,354
31,177
7,577
26,883
4,809
10,497
8,703
8,513
53,566
7,416
107,119
39,342
3,927
66,800
14,877
13,131
72,492
5,687
16,672
5,048
27,438
96,033
13,211
4,060
38,789
23,890
8,149
32,962
1,561

15,931
2,109
13,581
11,040
102,750
17,530
10,516
1,931
562
57,207
37,362
2,621
4,560
39,966
32,527
11,000
10,824
16,756
18,931
4,469
12,804
25,814
44,683
19,160
6,132
20,693
3,605
8,354
6,474
3,611
22,056
5,858
78,139
33,606
3,012
54,039
12,838
9,154
56,425
3,037
14,258
3,735
22,010
78,317
12,022
1,723
28,780
17,129
7,224
25,578
863

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

63

66%
90%
62%
73%
88%
72%
54%
39%
6%
81%
84%
68%
61%
75%
71%
58%
73%
74%
79%
59%
64%
51%
87%
72%
66%
72%
68%
75%
85%
40%
84%
79%
72%
73%
48%
82%
73%
63%
65%
27%
65%
65%
75%
92%
66%
27%
69%
75%
60%
74%
54%

86%
60%
81%
87%
82%
72%
43%
50%
24%
84%
79%
49%
70%
63%
87%
78%
78%
86%
90%
59%
45%
59%
85%
61%
81%
77%
75%
80%
74%
42%
41%
79%
73%
85%
77%
81%
86%
70%
78%
53%
86%
74%
80%
82%
91%
42%
74%
72%
89%
78%
55%

Migration of Students
Out of
Into
Net
state
State
363,750 390,676 26,926
2,510
1,434
3,202
1,646
21,997
6,682
14,025
1,901
1,787
10,725
9,817
2,724
1,939
23,972
4,802
3,151
3,050
2,743
2,200
3,043
15,742
17,832
7,671
12,017
1,445
6,190
1,204
2,143
2,229
4,902
31,510
1,558
28,980
5,736
915
12,761
2,039
3,977
16,067
2,650
2,414
1,313
5,428
17,716
1,189
2,337
10,009
6,761
925
7,384
698

8,065
233
8,423
4,072
13,502
6,937
9,140
2,974
8,097
13,166
7,120
1,225
2,950
13,474
13,386
8,022
3,922
5,820
4,997
3,072
7,118
24,726
6,600
7,616
3,221
8,161
1,719
2,763
1129
5,421
4,167
1,535
30,259
12,255
3,227
12,218
4,734
5,479
30,408
8,356
7,837
1,980
7,341
6,425
6,166
4,737
13,073
5,657
4,774
8,944
738

5,555
-1,201
5,221
2,426
-8,495
255
-4,885
1,073
6,310
2,441
-2697
-1,499
1,011
-10,498
8,584
4,871
872
3,077
2,797
29
-8,624
6,894
-1071
-4,401
1,776
1,971
515
620
-1100
519
-27,343
-23
1279
6,519
2,312
-543
2,695
1502
14,341
5,706
5,423
667
1,913
-11,291
4,977
2,400
3,064
-1,104
3,849
1,560
40

Enrollment at the 20 Largest Degree-Granting Campuses


2009
Enrollment

Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

400,000

University of Phoenix, Online Campus


Kaplan University
Arizona State University
Miami Dade College
Ohio State University, Main Campus
Houston Community College
Strayer University
University of Central Florida
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
University of Texas at Austin
University of Florida
Texas A&M University
Michigan State University
Ashford University
Northern Virginia Community College
Lone Star College System
Liberty University
University of Washington, Seattle Campus
Pennsylvania State University, Main Campus
Tarrant County College District

380,232
71,011
68,064
59,120
55,014
54,942
54,325
53,401
51,659
50,995
50,691
48,702
47,071
46,835
46,619
46,504
46,312
45,943
45,185
44,355

380,232

350,000

300,000
250,000
200,000

150,000
100,000

71,011

68,064

59,120

50,000
0

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

64

55,014

54,942

54,325

53,401

51,659

50,995

College Graduation Rate, by Gender


25
Women

Thousands

Men

20

15

10

0
1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012E

2015E

Source: US Department of Education


Similar to the trend observed in high school graduation rates, women are now graduating from a college at a higher
rate than men and the graduation rate gap has been increasing in recent years.

College Graduation Rate, by Race/Ethnicity (in %)


Total

White

Black

Hispanic

40

35
30
25

20
15
10
5
0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Source: ies NSF Survey, 2008


With a 35.5% college graduation rate, White students fare better than the national average of 29.6%. Black students
and Hispanic students show increased graduation rates of 19.5% and 11.6%, respectively.

65

Associates and Bachelors Degrees Conferred and Percentage of Bachelors Degrees


Awarded to Females

Year

% of Bachelors
awarded to

Degree
Associate

Bachelor

females

196970

206,023

792,316

43.1

197980

400,910

929,417

49.0

198485

454,712

979,477

50.7

198990

455,102

1,051,344

53.2

199192

504,231

1,136,553

54.2

199394

530,632

1,169,275

54.5

199596

555,216

1,164,792

55.1

199798

558,555

1,184,406

56.1

199900

564,933

1,237,875

57.2

200102

595,133

1,291,900

57.4

200304

665,301

1,399,542

57.5

200405

696,660

1,439,264

57.4

200506

713,066

1,485,242

57.5

200607

728,114

1,524,092

57.4

200708

750,164

1,563,069

57.3

200809

787,325

1,601,368

57.2

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010


The number of Associates degrees awarded has increased 282% since 1969, 63% since 1990 and 36% since 2000.
The number of Bachelors degrees awarded has increased 102% since 1969, 46% since 1990 and 29% since 2000.
The percentage of Bachelors degrees awarded to women has increased by 14.3% since 1970 and by 3.3% since
1990.

66

Masters, First-Professional, and Doctors Degrees Conferred by Degree-Granting


Institutions
Degree
Masters

First-Prof.

Doctorate

196970

208,291

34,918

29,866

197980

298,081

70,131

32,615

198485

286,251

75,063

32,943

198788

299,317

70,735

34,870

198889

310,621

70,856

35,720

198990

324,301

70,988

38,371

199091

337,168

71,948

39,294

199192

352,838

74,146

40,659

199293

369,585

75,387

42,132

199394

387,070

75,418

43,185

199495

397,629

75,800

44,446

199596

406,301

76,734

44,652

199697

419,401

78,730

45,876

199798

430,164

78,598

46,010

199899

439,986

78,439

44,077

199900

457,056

80,057

44,808

200001

468,476

79,707

44,904

200102

482,118

80,698

44,160

200203

513,339

80,897

46,042

200304

558,940

83,041

48,378

200405

574,618

87,289

52,631

200506

594,065

87,655

56,067

200607

604,607

90,064

60,616

200708

625,023

91,309

63,712

200809

656,784

92,004

67,716

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

67

Degrees Awarded by Field

Doctoral

Count

Men Women

3.4%

1,788

30%

70%

6.8%

29,072

35%

65%

Soc & Behavioral Science

13.6%

7,047

31%

69%

7.4%

31,275

35%

65%

Public Admin & Services

1.0%

532

29%

71%

5.3%

22,438

22%

78%

Physical & Earth Science

9.1%

4,716

60%

40%

1.4%

6,002

57%

43%

Math & Computer Science

5.3%

2,739

62%

38%

4.1%

17,270

69%

31%

Health Sciences

14.5%

7,540

24%

76%

8.7%

36,945

18%

82%

Engineering

13.2%

6,840

73%

27%

7.1%

30,358

77%

23%

Education

13.3%

6,912

26%

74%

26.5%

112,774

23%

77%

Business

2.8%

1,461

49%

51%

24.4%

103,890

56%

44%

14.3%

7,441

43%

57%

2.8%

11,759

44%

56%

9.5%

4,937

33%

67%

5.5%

23,212

40%

60%

59,472

33%

67%

495,999

40%

60%

Other

Biological and Agri Science


Arts & Humanities
Total

Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees

68

Masters

Count

Men Women

Degrees Awarded by Type of Institution

Doctoral
Total

Masters

Certificates

59,472

100% 495,999

100%

30,667

100%

Public

39,157

66% 286,728

58%

15,699

51%

Private, not-for-profit

18,473

31% 166,294

34%

13,341

44%

42,977

9%

1,627

5%

38,904

65% 163,019

33%

5,466

18%

Public

28,355

73% 118,066

72%

3,812

70%

Private, not-for-profit

10,549

27%

28%

1,654

30%

Private, for-profit
Research Universities (RU/VH)

Private, for-profit
Research Universities (RU/H)

1,842

3%

NA

44,953
NA

NA

10,313

17%

87,224

18%

7,232

24%

Public

7,648

74%

66,362

76%

3,534

49%

Private, not-for-profit

2,665

26%

20,862

24%

3,698

51%

Private, for-profit

NA

NA

NA

Doctoral/Research

5,490

9%

84,337

17%

6,094

20%

Public

1,092

20%

16,546

20%

544

9%

Private, not-for-profit

2,556

47%

29,516

35%

3,923

64%

Private, for-profit

1,842

34%

38,275

45%

1,627

27%

5% 151,401

31%

10,604

35%

Master's

2,922

Public

1,083

37%

82,883

55%

7,394

70%

Private, not-for-profit

1,839

63%

63,816

42%

3,210

30%

Private, for-profit
Other

NA

NA

NA

1,843

3%

10,018

2%

1,271

4%

Public

979

53%

2,871

29%

415

33%

Private, not-for-profit

864

47%

7,147

71%

856

67%

Private, for-profit

NA

NA

Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees

69

NA

Average College Costs per Academic Year


Public Colleges

Private Colleges

Resident Out-of-State

Resident

2-year Public
Resident

Commuter

Tuition

$8,244

$20,770

$28,500

$2,963

$2,963

Books and Supplies

$1,168

$1,168

$1,213

$1,182

$1,182

Room and Board

$8,887

$8,887

$10,089

$7,408

NA

Transportation

$1,082

$1,082

$926

NA

$1,606

Other

$2,066

$2,066

$1,496

$2,127

$2,127

Total

$21,447

$33,973

$42,224

$13,680

$7,878

Cost of Degree

$85,788

$135,892

$168,896

$27,360

$15,756

Source: Trends in College Pricing, 2011 - The College Board.

70

Total Expenditures of Postsecondary Education Institutions and % of GDP

500

3.0%
Expenditures ($, B)

% of GDP

450

2.9%

400

2.8%

350

2.7%

300

2.6%

250

2.5%

200

2.4%

150

2.3%

100

2.2%

50

2.1%

2.0%
1981

1988

1995

2002

2009

Source: US Department of Education, 2011


Total expenditures of postsecondary education institutions had increased to 3.3% of GDP in 2009, up from about
2.3% in 1985. Expenditures have grown at a CAGR of 6.35%, much faster than enrollment, due to tuition inflation.

71

Average Salary of Full-time Instructional Faculty in Degree-Granting Institutions, by Gender


(Data for 9-month contracts, in current dollars)

Year

Total

Male

Female

197071

65,312

197576

61,319

64,099

52,665

198081

54,913

57,734

47,122

198586

60,767

64,335

51,732

199091

64,275

68,696

54,695

199596

65,152

69,782

56,645

199900

67,392

72,451

59,082

200102

68,440

73,686

60,330

200203

68,749

74,126

60,650

200304

68,647

74,029

60,748

200405

68,405

73,839

60,622

200506

67,883

73,420

60,182

200607

68,585

74,167

61,016

200708

68,545

74,187

61,084

2008-09

73,570

79,706

65,638

2009-10

74,625

80,885

66,653

Male

NA

Female

100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics

72

NA

Total

Average Salary of Full-time Instructional Faculty in Degree-Granting Institutions, by Type


of Institution
(Data for 9-month contracts, in current dollars)

Year

2-Year

4-Year

2-Year

$67,428

$64,975

$60,762

$44,522

197576

64,049

58,231

59,324

40,125

198081

57,437

52,262

52,610

35,502

198586

63,845

55,510

59,528

36,461

199091

67,849

56,485

64,365

36,719

199596

67,613

57,205

67,146

42,169

199900

69,877

58,170

70,328

43,319

200203

71,166

58,661

72,655

39,039

200304

70,580

58,223

73,422

39,844

200405

70,341

57,434

73,475

39,753

200506

69,708

56,838

73,106

39,545

200607

70,460

57,466

73,636

41,138

200708

70,254

57,515

73,614

41,852

200809

75,245

61,433

79,554

44,302

2009-10

76,153

62,265

80,744

45,731

Public 2-Year

Private 4-Year

Private 2-Year

Thousands

80

4-Year

Private

197071

Public 4-Year
90

Public

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
197071 198081 198586 199091 199596 199900 200203 200405 200607 200708 200809 2009-10

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

73

Revenues of Public Degree-Granting Institutions, by Source


Revenue
($,B)

Distribution

Revenue per fulltime Equiv.


Student (2008-09)

Total revenues

267.4

100%

$26,574

Operating revenues

158.8

59%

20,065

Tuition and fees

51.8

19%

5,152

Grants and contracts

43.1

16%

4,283

Federal (excludes FDSL3)

26.1

10%

2,593

State

7.4

3%

736

Local

9.6

4%

954

Other operating revenues

63.9

24%

6,647

Nonoperating revenues

92.5

35%

9,188

Federal appropriations

2.0

1%

200

State appropriations

65.5

24%

6,508

Local appropriations

9.8

4%

973

Other nonoperating

15.2

6%

1,507

Other revenues and additions

16.1

6%

1,604

Sources

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

Revenues of Private Not-for-Profit Degree-Granting Institutions, by Source


Sources

Revenue
($,B)

Distribution

Revenue per fulltime Equiv.


Student (2008-09)

Total

69.1

100%

$22,404

Tuition and fees

53.7

78%

17,422

Federal government

21

30%

6,820

State governments

1.8

3%

589

Local governments

0.57

1%

186

Private gifts and grants

17.7

26%

5,733

-64.2

-93%

-20,828

Educational activities

4.8

7%

1,554

Auxiliary enterprises

13.6

20%

4,398

Hospitals

14.8

21%

4,802

5.3

8%

1,726

Investment return

Other

Note: Investment return for the year was negative.


Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

74

Revenues of Private For-Profit Degree Granting Institutions, by Source

Sources

Revenue ($,B)

Distribution

Revenue per fulltime Equiv.


Student (2008-09)

Total

19.37

100%

$15,211

Tuition and fees

16.74

86.4%

13,143

Federal government

1.41

7.3%

1,105

State and local Govt

0.13

0.7%

102

Private gifts, grants, contracts

0.08

0.4%

63

Investment return

0.04

0.2%

30

Educational activities

0.37

1.9%

289

Auxiliary enterprises

0.40

2.1%

311

Other

0.21

1.1%

167

Source: ies National Center for Education Statistics, 2010

75

American Colleges Rankings


2010 Tuition and Fees ($)
Name

In-State

Fall 2010
2010 Total
Acceptance
Out-of-State Enrollment
Rate
NA
19,627
7%
NA
7,802
9%

1
1

Harvard University
Princeton University

39,849
37,000

3
4

Yale University
Columbia University

40,500
45,290

NA
NA

11,701
22,283

8%
10%

4
5

Columbia University
California Institute of Technology

37,704
40,732

NA
NA

2,175
10,566

13%
10%

5
5

Massachusets Institute of Technology


Stanford University

40,569
42,783

NA
NA

19,535
12,781

7%
19%

5
5

University of Chicago
University of Pennsylvania

42,098
41,958

NA
NA

19,842
14,983

14%
16%

10
11

Duke Univesity
Dartmouth College

42,996
41,983

NA
NA

6,141
19,389

12%
23%

12
13

Northwestern University
Johns Hopkins University

42,280
41,992

NA
NA

21,092
13,820

21%
21%

14
15

Washington University, St Louis


Brown University

42,230
41,541

NA
NA

8,695
20,939

9%
18%

15
17

Cornell University
Rice University

35,551
41,332

NA
NA

5,879
12,714

21%
18%

17
19

Vanderbilt University
University of Norte Dame

41,417
41,164

NA
NA

11,992
13,381

29%
29%

20
21

Emory University
University of California--Berkeley

11,767
41,393

34,645
NA

35,838
16,871

22%
20%

22
23

Georgetown University
Carnegie Mellon University

43,396
42,818

NA
NA

11,618
36,896

33%
24%

23
25

University of Southern California


University of California--Los Angels

11,604
11,576

34,482
36,570

39,593
24,391

23%
33%

25
25

University of Virginia
Wake Forest University

41,576
12,590

NA
37,265

7,162
41,924

40%
51%

28
29

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor


Tufts University

42,962
7,008

NA
26,834

10,480
29,390

24%
32%

29
31

University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill


Boston College

42,204
41,860

NA
NA

14,015
5,642

31%
35%

31
33
33

Brandeis University
College of William and Mary
New York University

13,132
41,606
41,826

35,409
NA
NA

8,000
43,797
10,111

32%
38%
38%

Mean
Median

36,237
41,541

34,201
35,027

17,459
13,820

25.4%
24.5%

High
Low

45,290
7,008

37,265
26,834

43,797
2,175

63.4%
9.2%

Source: US News, 2012

76

Best Law Schools


Tuition

Enrollment

Yale University

$50,750

629

Harvard University

45,450

1,733

Stanford University

46,581

571

Columbia University

50,428

1,343

University of Chicago

45,405

634

New York University

46,840

1,431

University of Michigan--Ann Arbor

44,840

1,134

University of Pennsylvania

48,362

802

University of California--Berkeley

44,244

916

University of Virginia

42,500

1,105

11

Duke University

47,722

644

12

Northwestern University

49,714

817

13

Cornell University

51,150

615

14

Georgetown University

45,105

1,626

14

University of Texas--Austin

28,669

1,154

16

University of California--Los Angeles

40,616

999

16

Vanderbilt University

45,286

586

18

University of Southern California, LA

48,434

651

18

Washington University in St. Louis

44,125

893

20

George Washington University

43,999

1,410

20

University of Minnesota--Twin Cities

31,882

752

22

Emory University

38,176

709

22

University of Minnesota--Twin Cities

32,005

793

22

Boston University

40,838

821

23

Indiana University - Bloomington

26,904

646

23

University of California--Davis

41,763

589

23

University of Illinos - Urbana Champaign

36,420

640

23

University of Notre Dame

40,805

564

Source: US News, 2012

77

Best Medical Schools


Rank

Tuition &
Fees

Primary
Research Care
1

15

Harvard University

Enrollment

$45,050

725

University of Pennsylvania

43,960

608

16

Johns Hopkins University

41,200

463

41

Washington University in St. Louis

48,800

493

41

Duke University

44,482

422

76

Stanford University

44,196

456

University of California--San Francisco

12,245

618

67

Yale University

45,600

382

University of Washington

23,049

926

10

51

Columbia University

46,212

638

10

20

University of Michigan--Ann Arbor

27,928

665

12

48

University of Chicago (Pritzker)

40,627

400

13

16

University of California--Los Angeles (Geffen)

12,245

743

14

28

University of Pittsburgh

39,555

602

15

33

University of California--San Diego

12,245

518

15

55

Vanderbilt University

39,900

436

17

80

Cornell University (Weill)

45,543

395

18

51

Mount Sinai School of Medicine

38,126

542

19

41

Northwestern University (Feinberg)

44,693

712

20

University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill

12,557

753

21

33

Emory University

43,300

522

22

28

Baylor College of Medicine

19,650

725

22

55

Case Western Reserve University

47,730

853

22

24

University of Texas SouthWestern Medical Center

14,210

926

22

20

University of Virginia

35,557

581

Source: US News, 2012

78

Best Business Schools


Tuition

Enrollment

Harvard University

$51,200

Stanford University

55,200

803

University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)

53,926

1,669

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan)

52,628

804

Northwestern University (Kellogg)

54,000

1,201

University of Chicago (Booth)

53,400

1,160

University of California--Berkeley (Haas)

46,416

492

Columbia University

55,868

1,264

Dartmouth College (Tuck)

53,490

547

10

Yale University

52,750

475

11

New York University (Stern)

48,320

784

12

Duke University (Fuqua)

50,300

888

13

University of Michigan--Ann Arbor (Ross)

47,750

1,000

13

University of Virginia (Darden)

44,000

659

15

University of Caliornia - Lost Angeles (Anderson)

45,386

750

16

Cornell University

51,480

546

17

University of Texas - Austin

32,140

534

18

Carnegie Mellon University

54,800

420

19

Emory University (Goizueta)

43,600

312

19

University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill

23,339

575

21

University of Southern California (Marshall)

46,781

455

22

Washington University, St Louis (Olin)

46,000

287

23

Indiana University--Bloomington (Kelley)

24,478

448

24

Georgetown University (McDonough)

47,544

508

25,680

231

25 Ohio State University (Fisher)


Source: US News, 2012

79

1,808

Education Attainment
US Educational Attainment in 2011

Some College
Experience;
17.0%

Bachelor's Degree
or Higher; 30.4%

High School;
30.7%

Associate's
Degree; 9.5%
Less Than High
School; 12.4%

Source: US Census Bureau

80

Educational Attainment Trend


Year

High
School

College
Graduate

1960

41.1%

7.7%

1970

52.3%

10.7%

1975

62.5%

13.9%

1980

66.5%

16.2%

1985

73.9%

19.4%

1990

77.6%

21.3%

1995

81.7%

23.0%

2000

84.1%

25.6%

2001

84.1%

26.2%

2002

84.1%

26.7%

2003

84.6%

27.2%

2004

85.2%

27.7%

2005

85.2%

27.7%

2006

85.5%

28.0%

2007

85.7%

28.7%

2008

86.6%

29.4%

2009

86.7%

29.5%

2010

87.1%

29.9%

High School

College Graduate

100%
80%
60%

40%
20%
0%
1970

Source: National Center for Education Statistics

81

1990

2002

2006

2010

Unemployment and Median Weekly Earnings Rate by Level of Education Attainment


2010
Unemployment
Rate

Median Weekly
Earnings

Less than High School

14.9%

$444

High School Graduate

10.3%

$626

Some College, no Degree

9.2%

$712

Associate's Degree

7.0%

$767

Bachelor's Degree

5.4%

$1,038

Master's Degree

4.0%

$1,272

Doctoral Degree

2.4%

$1,610

Professional Degree

1.9%

$1,550

Median Weekly Earnings

Unemployment Rate

$1,800

16.0%

$1,600

14.0%

$1,400

12.0%

$1,200

10.0%

$1,000
8.0%
$800
6.0%

$600

4.0%

$400
$200

2.0%

$0

0.0%

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey

82

Educational Attainment and Unemployment Rates Trends

No High School Diploma

High School Graduate

Some College

College Graduate

16.0%

14.0%

12.0%

10.0%

8.0%

6.0%

4.0%

2.0%

0.0%
1992 1994 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: US Census Bureau

83

The Income Gap


2010 Medians
Unemployment
Rate

2008 Medians

Weekly
Earnings

Annual
Earnings

Lifetime Earnings
(40 yrs)

Less than High School

14.9%

$444

$24,300

$972,000

High School Graduate

10.3%

$626

$33,800

$1,352,000

Some College, no Degree

9.2%

$712

$39,700

$1,588,000

Associate's Degree

7.0%

$767

$42,000

$1,680,000

Bachelor's Degree

5.4%

$1,038

$55,700

$2,228,000

Master's Degree

4.0%

$1,272

$67,300

$2,692,000

Doctoral Degree

2.4%

$1,610

$91,900

$3,676,000

Professional Degree

1.9%

$1,550

$100,000

$4,000,000

Professional Degree

$4.0 M

Doctoral Degree

$3.7 M

Master's Degree

$2.7 M

Bachelor's Degree

$2.2 M

Associate's Degree

$1.7 M

Some College, no Degree

$1.6 M

High School Graduate

$1.4 M

Less than High School

$1.0 M
$0.0

$1.0

$2.0

$3.0

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, College Board Education Pays 2010

84

$4.0
Millions

Employment by Education and Training Category

Education Level

Number
2010

2020E

% of Workforce

10-20E

2010

2020E

Doctoral or professional degree

4,409.7

5,286.3

19.9

3.1

3.2

Master's degree

1,986.0

2,417.2

21.7

1.4

1.5

Bachelor's degree

22,171.1

25,827.2

16.5

15.5

15.8

Associate's degree

7,994.6

9,434.6

18.0

5.6

5.8

Postsecondary non-degree award

6,524.0

7,624.9

16.9

4.6

4.7

811.6

953.8

17.5

0.6

0.6

High school diploma or equivalent

62,089.6

69,665.7

12.2

43.4

42.6

Less than high school

37,081.7

42,327.4

14.1

25.9

25.9

Some college, no degree

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program

85

DISTANCE/ONLINE LEARNING

86

Fast Facts

According to the International Association for K-12 Online Learning (iNACOL) data published in 2012, 40
states have state virtual schools or state-led initiatives and 30 states, (including Washington, DC) have
statewide full-time online schools.
In 2009-10, there were an estimated 1.8M enrollments in online courses in K-12 school districts. In addition to
this, there are an estimated 200,000 students enrolled in most full-time online schools.
The current average per pupil expenditures for a fully online model is $6,400 and for a blended-learning
model is $8,900 and for a traditional school model is $10,000.
As of late 2011, no state has a full suite of full-time and supplemental online course options for students at all
grade levels.
According to the Sloan Consortium, the overall number of postsecondary students engaged in online courses
in 2010-2011, is estimated at 6.1M, an increase of 560K students over the number reported the previous year
and 31% of all higher education students now take at least one course online.

87

K-12
Full-Time Online Charter Schools Growth
250

200

150

100

50

0
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2009

2010

2011

Source: iNACOL, Center for Education Reform, 2012

Full-Time Online Charter School Student Enrollment Growth


160
140

Thousands

120
100
80
60

40
20
0
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Source: iNACOL, Center for Education Reform, 2012

88

2007

2008

Number of States with Statewide Online Learning Options


45

State Virtual Schools

Full Time Schools

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2007

2008

2009

2010

Source: iNACOL, Center for Education Reform, 2012

Typical Cost Categories for Online Schools


Facility 3%

Community
Outreach 6%
Technology 24%

Administration
15%
Board/Sponsor
6%

Curriculum 20%
Teachers 26%

Source: iNACOL, Center for Education Reform, 2012

89

2011

National Virtual Schools Data (2010-11 Academic Year)

State
Alabama

No. of Virtual
State
Schools
3
Montana

No. of Virtual
Schools
3

Alaska

Nebraska

Arizona

Nevada

Arkansas

New Hampshire

California

New Jersey

Colorado

11

New Mexico

Connecticut

New York

Delaware

North Carolina

District of Columbia

North Dakota

Florida

Ohio

Georgia

Oklahoma

Hawaii

Oregon

Idaho

Pennsylvania

Illinois

Rhode Island

Indiana

South Carolina

Iowa

South Dakota

Kansas

Tennessee

Kentucky

Texas

12

Louisiana

Utah

Maine

Vermont

Maryland

Virginia

Massachusetts

Washington

Michigan

West Virginia

Minnesota

Wisconsin

Mississippi

Wyoming

Missouri

Note: States with no virtual schools are highlighted.


Source: Educational CyberPlayGround

90

14

Statewide Full-Time Online School Enrollment

State

% of
Students in
FT Online
Schools

% change
(2008 to
2010)

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

30,076

30,338

36,814

22%

3.89%

Arkansas

500

500

500

0%

0.10%

California

10,502

15,000

n/a

n/a

0.25%

Colorado

11,641

13,093

15,314

32%

1.88%

Florida

1,079

2,392

4,000

271%

0.16%

Georgia

4,300

5,010

5,000

16%

0.30%

500

500

1,500

0.83%

3,611

4,709

5,223

45%

1.92%

200

470

0.05%

5,399

4,000

4,891

-9%

1.05%

Massachusetts

220

318

0.05%

Michigan

800

0.06%

Minnesota

5,042

8,248

9,559

90%

1.19%

Missouri

700

700

0.08%

Nevada

4,603

6,256

7,122

55%

1.70%

27,037

31,852

31,142

15%

1.78%

1,100

2,500

4,456

305%

0.68%

3,861

4,798

20%

0.88%

22,205

24,603

28,578

29%

1.64%

S. Carolina

1,981

5,781

7,690

288%

1.07%

Texas

1,650

4,500

4,500

173%

0.09%

500

1,475

1,572

214%

0.28%

13,000

16,003

17,786

37%

1.82%

3,100

3,927

4,328

40%

0.50%

100

807

964

864%

1.11%

Arizona*

Hawaii
Idaho
Indiana
Kansas*

Ohio
Oklahoma*
Oregon
Pennsylvania

Utah
Washington*
Wisconsin*
Wyoming

Note: * Enrollment numbers are a statewide count of unique students in both full-time programs and supplemental
courses
Source: Keeping Pace with K-12 Online Learning, Evergreen Education Group, 2011

91

States with Online Public Schools Operated by K12 Inc


State
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Alaska Virtual Academy

Name of Virtual School


Fairbanks BEST

Colorado

Arizona Virtual Academy


Arkansas Virtual Academy
California Virtual Academies
San Francisco Flex Academy
So. California Online Academy
Insight School of California
Gateway Virtual Academy
Lodi USD Virtual Academy
Oak Knoll Virtual Academy
Sierra Yosemite Virtual Academy
Colorado Virtual Academy

D.C.

Grande River Virtual Academy


CAPCS Online, Washington DC

Florida

Florida Virtual Program

Georgia
Hawaii

Georgia Cyber Academy


Hawaii Technology Academy

Arizona International School


Cross County High School
iQ Academy California
Silicon Valley Flex Academy:
Denair Valley Interactive Virtual Academy
Elk Grove Unified School District Virtual Academy
iLearn Online Academy
Lost Coast Virtual Academy
Pacific View Charter School
Insight School of Colorado

Idaho

Idaho Virtual Academy


iSucceed Virtual High School
Illinois
Chicago Virtual Charter School
The Cambridge Academy at Cambridge Lakes Charter School
Youth Connection Charter School Virtual High School
Iowa
Iowa Virtual Academy
Indiana
Hoosier Academies
Kansas
Lawrence Virtual School/Lawrence Virtual High School
iQ Academy Kansas
Insight School of Kansas
Heartland Virtual Academy
Turning Point Virtual Program
Derby Learns Online
Louisiana
Louisiana Virtual Charter Academy
Massachusetts Massachusetts Virtual Academy at Greenfield
Michigan
Michigan Virtual Charter Academy
YES Academy
JST Virtual Programs
Jenison International Academy
Minnesota
Minnesota Virtual Academy
iQ Academy Minnesota
Insight School of Minnesota
Nevada Virtual Academy
Renaissance Academy
Lyon County Virtual Academy
Oklahoma
Oklahoma Virtual Charter Academy
Oregon
Oregon Virtual Academy
Pennsylvania
Agora Cyber Charter School
South Carolina South Carolina Virtual Charter School
Texas
Texas virtual Academy
Utah
Utah Virtual Academy
Nevada

Virginia
Washington

Wisconsin
Wyoming

eMinnesota Online Academy


Washoe Online Learning for the Future (WOLF)
Churchill County Wave School
Pershing County Virtual School
Insight School of Oregon
Pennsylvania Virtual Charter School
Weber Online
Sevier Connection Online

Provo School District


Washington Online School
Virginia Virtual Academy
Washington Virtual Academies
iQ Academy Washington
Insight School of Washington
Bethel Elementary Learning Academy
Kiona-Benton Homelink
North Kitsap Virtual Academy
Three Rivers Homelink
North Franklin Virtual Academy
Mid-Columbia Partnership Virtual School
Wisconsin Virtual Academy
Wyoming Virtual Academy

Source: K12 Company Website. Note: 2010-11 Academic Year

92

Public School Instructional Rooms with Internet Access


School characteristic:

1994

1996

1998

2000

2001

2003

2005

2008

3%

14%

51%

77%

87%

93%

94%

98%

3%

13%

51%

76%

86%

93%

93%

98%

16

52

79

88

94

95

99

3%

15%

54%

83%

87%

93%

92%

98%

300 to 999

13

53

78

87

93

94

98

1,000 or more

16

45

70

86

94

94

99

All public schools


Instructional level
Elementary
Secondary
School size
Less than 300

Locale
City

4%

12%

47%

66%

82%

90%

88%

97%

Urban fringe

16

50

78

87

94

96

99

Town

14

55

87

91

97

98

98

Rural

14

57

85

89

94

95

98

Percent minority enrollment


Less than 6 percent

4%

18%

57%

85%

88%

93%

96%

6 to 20 percent

18

59

83

90

95

97

21 to 49 percent

12

52

79

89

95

91

50 percent or more

37

64

81

92

92

% of students eligible for free/reduced price lunch


Less than 35 percent

3%

17%

57%

82%

90%

95%

96%

99%

35 to 49 percent

12

60

81

89

93

88

98

50 to 74 percent

11

41

77

87

94

96

98

75 percent or more

38

60

79

90

91

97

Note: Minority enrollment data not available for 2008


Source: National Center for Education Statistics

93

Number and Percentage of Schools with Enrollment in Distance Education Courses, By


Instructional Level and District Characteristics

District characteristic

Total
District enrollment size
Less than 2,500
2,500 to 9,999
10,000 or more

Total

Elementary
Schools

Middle /
junior
high
schools

High
Schools

Combined /
ungraded
schools

163,476 1,344,136

1,816,400

1,816,400

72,656

509,000
579,200
728,100

40,720
579
14,562

50,900
579
80,091

407,200
312,768
626,166

5,090
579
7,281

Metropolitan status
Urban
Suburban
Rural

653,700
527,300
306,800
328,600

654
21,092
307
329

39,222
63,276
36,816
16,430

405,294
432,386
245,440
262,880

654
5,273
307
23,002

Region
Northeast
Southeast
Central
West

77,700
518,800
697,100
522,800

78
10,376
34,855
523

4,662
57,068
69,710
41,824

71,484
446,168
418,260
418,240

78
519
697
523

287,700

288

11,508

288

233,037

1,009,300

20,186

100,930

20,186

686,324

519,400

36,358

46,746

36,358

436,296

High
Schools

Combined /
ungraded
schools

Poverty concentration
Less than 10%
10 to 19%
20% or more

District characteristic

Elementary
Schools

Middle /
junior
high
schools

District enrollment size


Less than 2,500
2,500 to 9,999
10,000 or more

8%
0%
2%

10%
0%
11%

80%
54%
86%

1%
0%
1%

Metropolitan status
Urban
Suburban
Rural

0%
4%
0%
0%

6%
12%
12%
5%

62%
82%
80%
80%

0%
1%
0%
7%

Region
Northeast
Southeast
Central
West

0%
2%
5%
0%

6%
11%
10%
8%

92%
86%
60%
80%

0%
0%
0%
0%

0%
2%
7%

81%
68%
84%

Less than 10%


10 to 19%
20% or more

0%
4%
2%
10%
7%
9%
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, First Look 2009-10.

94

Source of Online Content Providers to Public K-12 Schools


Instruction Providers

Fully Online

Blended

Postsecondary institution

47%

27%

State virtual school in state

41%

15%

Independent vendor

35%

18%

Education service agencies

29%

15%

Another local school district or other district in state

21%

19%

District (i.e., delivered centrally from the district)

17%

35%

State virtual school in another state

10%

2%

Cyber (i.e., online) charter school in district

9%

7%

Other schools in district

6%

5%

Districts or schools in other states (excluding virtual schools)

5%

2%

Other

2%

2%

Source: Sloan Consortium and BMO Capital Markets, 2008 Survey

Adoption of Online Learning by Grade Level

Grade

Fully
Online

Blended

Total

K-5

21%

1%

14%

6-8

15%

20%

17%

9-12

64%

78%

69%

Other

<1%

<1%

<1%

Source: Sloan Consortium and BMO Capital Markets (2008)

95

Postsecondary
Total and Online Enrollments in Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions

Growth %

Students taking at least


One Online Course

Online Enroll
Growth %

Online as
% of Total

Year

Total Enrollment

2002

16,611,710

1,602,970

9.6%

2003

16,911,481

2%

1,971,397

23%

11.7%

2004

17,272,043

2%

2,329,783

18%

13.5%

2005

17,487,481

1%

3,180,050

37%

18.2%

2006

17,758,872

2%

3,488,381

10%

19.6%

2007

18,248,133

3%

3,938,111

13%

21.6%

2008

19,102,811

5%

4,606,353

17%

24.1%

2009

19,524,750

2%

5,579,022

21%

28.6%

2010

19,641,140

1%

6,142,280

10%

31.3%

Students taking at least One Online Course

Total Enrollment

21
19

in millions

17
15
13
11

9
7
5
3
1
2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Source: Going the Distance, Sloan Consortium, 2011

96

2007

2008

2009

2010

Percentage of Undergraduate Students Taking Distance Education Courses

6%
5%

For-prof it < 2-yr


For-prof it 2-yr

18%

12%

For-prof it 4-yr

26%

30%

16%
17%

Not-f or-prof it < 2-yr


Not-f or-prof it 2-yr

20%

11%

2007
2003

14%
12%

Not-f or-prof it 4-yr

8%

Public < 2-year

12%

Public 2-year

18%

Public 4-year

14%
0%

5%

10%

15%

24%

18%
20%

Source: ies, Condition of Education 2011

97

25%

30%

35%

Postsecondary Online Enrollment Growth and Projection


4,000

Thousands
3,500
3,000

2,500
2,000
1,500

1,000
500

0
2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2009

2010

2011E

2013E

2015E

Source: Eduventures and BMO Capital Market Estimates


There were an estimated 2.7M students enrolled in fully online postsecondary programs in 2010-2011. The ratio of
fully online students has increased from around 1.2% of all students enrolled in degree-granting postsecondary
institutions in 1999-2000, to about 13.5% in 2010-11. Online enrollment is estimated to increase at CAGR 5.5% to
3.44M in 2015, forming 15.9% of the total postsecondary enrollment.

Postsecondary Online Enrollment and Percentage of Total

Fully Online Enrollment

4,000
3,500

As % of Total Postsecondary

18%
16%

Thousands

14%

3,000

12%

2,500

10%
2,000
8%
1,500

6%

1,000

4%

500

2%

0%

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Source: Eduventures and BMO Capital Market Estimates

98

2010

2011

2013E

2015E

Top Online Colleges

Rank Company

Type

Rating

National University

Private, not-for-profit

10.86

Southern New Hampshire University

Private, not-for-profit

16.39

Golden Gate University

Private, not-for-profit

16.70

Regent University

Private, not-for-profit

17.10

Colorado State University

Public, not-for-profit

17.57

Saint Leo University

Private, not-for-profit

17.78

Colorado Technical University

Private, for-profit

17.93

Liberty University

Private, not-for-profit

18.15

Jones International University

Private, for-profit

18.60

Walden University

Private, for-profit

19.70

10

Note: Rating reflects sum of all the ranks divided by the number of metrics (such as acceptance rate, financial aid,
graduation rate, online programs, retention rate, scholarly citations, student-faculty ratio and years accredited) for
which data was found.
Source: NCES, Online Educational Database, 2010

99

MARKET STATISTICS

100

Recent IPOs
Company Name/Ticker

Sector

Stock Market

Apr-12

MT Educare

Edu Services

India-BSE

534312

Oct-11

Langloo.com

Language learning

Poland-WSE

LAN

Oct-11

Eikoh Holdings

Test Review

Japan-TSE

6053

113

Oct-11

Onlineformapro S.A.

Online Application

France-ENXTPA

MLONL

Training Services

Poland-WSE

PAK

Edu Services

India-BSE

533540

Aug-11
Aug-11
Aug-11

Polska Akademia
Rachunkowosci
Tree House Education &
Accessories

Ticker

Market
Cap, USD,
M

Date

20
0
136

ePals

Social Learning n/w US-TSXV

SLN

58

Jul-11

Prestariang Berhad

Certification
Courses

PRESBHD

63

Jul-11

Abril Educao S.A.

Texbook Publishing Brazil-BOVESPA

ABRE11

Jul-11

Modern Education Group

Tutoring

Hong Kong-SEHK

1082

65

Jun-11

Curro Holdings

Private Schools

S.Africa-JSE

COH

239

Mar-11

APFT Berhad

Flight Training

Malaysia-KLSE

APFT

37

Jan-11

China Education

Private Schools

US-OTCBB

CEII

28

Jan-11

Digital Daesung

Edu. Programs

Korea-KOSE

A068930

48

Dec-10

Sibling Entertainment

Edu Tech/Services

US-OTCPK

SIBE

Dec-10

Loyalist Group

Private Schools

US-TSXV

LOY

Dec-10

Zee Learn

Edu. Services

India-BSE

533287

79

Dec-10

Anhanguera Educacional
Participacoes S.A

Education Service

Brazil-BOVESPA

AEDU3

1,689

Nov-10

Xueda Education Group

Tutoring

US-NYSE

XUE

Oct-10

Innovation Software Exports

IT Training

India-BSE

517433

Oct-10

Career Point

Tutoring

India-NSEI

CPIL

Oct-10

Global Education &


Technology Group

K-12/Postsecondary US-Nasdaq

GEDU

Oct-10

TAL Education Group

Tutoring

US-NYSE

XRS

Sep-10

China Bilingual Technology

Private Schools

US-OTCBB

CBLY

26

Sep-10

Editions Granada

Arabic Tutoring

France-ENXTPA

MLGRA

10

Sep-10

RedHill Education

Colleges

Australia-ASX

RDH

Aug-10

Ambow Education Holding

Career Education

US-NYSE

AMBO

Jul-10

Creative Learning

Lego based learning US-OTCBB

CLCN

Child Care

US-TSXV

EDU

86

May-10 Masterskill Education Group Healthcare Edu

Malaysia-KLSE

MEGB

159

Mar-10

G8 Education

Childcare Centers

Australia-ASX

GEM

174

Mar-10

Promethean World

Learning Technology UK-LSE

PRW

230

May-10 Edleun Group

Malaysia-KLSE

Source: Capital IQ

101

216
0
73

878

4
518

Private Equity Investments in Education


Large Private Equity Deals in US Education Industry (2010-11)

Company

Acquirer

Value

Year

Blackboard (K-20)

Providence Equity Partners

$1.64B

2011

Renaissance Learning

Permira Funds

$455M

2011

Wireless Generation

News Corp.

$360M

2011

Nobel Learning

Leeds Equity Partners

$149M

2011

Plato Learning

Thoma Bravo

$143M

2010

Source: International Committee of the Fourth International, PitchBook Data.

Venture Capital Investments in Education-Technology Companies

Equity Invested

Number of deals

500
450

90
$,M

80

400

70

350

60

300

50

250
200

40

Cumulative: 438

30

150

20

100

Cumulative: $1.97B

50

10

0
2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Source: National Venture Capital Association, Thomson Reuters.

102

2008

2009

2010

2011

US Education Industry Revenues (in $, T)


Childcare

K12

Postsecondary

Corporate Training

1.60
1.40
1.20

1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00

Source: BMO Capital Markets Estimates, US DoE, NCES & Training Magazine

103

For-Profit Childcare Market (in $, B)


For-profit Childcare Maket

y/y % change

25

12%

10%

20

8%
15
6%
10

4%

2%

0%

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011E

Source: BMO Capital Markets estimates and Barnes Reports

104

2012E

2013E

2014E

2015E

2016E

K-12 For-profit Education Industry


K-12 For-profit Total Market

Instructional media & Services

30

Technology

Other Services

$, B

20

10

0
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011E

2012E

2013E

2014E

2015E

2016E

Source: BMO Capital Markets estimates based on various forecasts including Veronis Suhler Stevenson, Gartner and
Eduventures

105

K-12 Instructional Media and Services

12

Basal Content

Supplemental Content

Testing and assessment

$, B

0
2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E 2016E

Source: Veronis Suhler Stevenson Communications Industry Forecast and BMO Capital Markets

K-12 Basal Content

Revenue

y/y % change

20%

$, B
6

15%

10%

5%

0%

-5%

-10%

-15%
2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E 2016E

Source: Veronis Suhler Stevenson Communications Industry Forecast (August 2010) and BMO Capital Markets.

106

K-12 Supplemental Content

Revenue

2.0

y/y % change

10%

$, B

1.6

5%

1.2

0%

0.8

-5%

0.4

-10%

0.0

-15%
2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E 2016E

Source: Veronis Suhler Stevenson Communications Industry Forecast (August 2010) and BMO Capital Markets

K-12 Assessment
2.0

Revenue

y/y % change

18%

$, B

1.6

14%

1.2

10%

0.8

6%

0.4

2%

0.0

-2%
2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E 2016E

Source: Veronis Suhler Stevenson Communications Industry Forecast (August 2010) and BMO Capital Markets

107

K-12 Technology
Revenues

11

y/y % change

5%

$, B

4%
10

3%
2%

1%
0%

-1%
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011E

2012E

2013E

2014E

2015E

2016E

Source: BMO Capital Markets estimates, Gartner and IDC

K-12 Professional Development


Revenue

y/y % change

4.0%
$, B

3
1.0%
2

-2.0%
2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Source: BMO Capital Markets estimates and Eduventures

108

2009

2010

2011E

2012E

2013E

K-12 Tutoring and Test Preparation


1.2

Revenue

y/y % change

$, B

30%

25%

1.0

20%
0.8
15%
0.6
10%
0.4

5%

0.2

0%

0.0

-5%
2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Source: BMO Capital Markets estimates and Eduventures

109

2009

2010 2011E 2012E 2013E

Post Secondary
Market Share of Private For-Profit Institutions as a % of Total Enrollment

12%

11%

10%

9%
8%

8%

2006

2007

8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
2008

2009

Source: IPEDS, 2010

Revenue of For-Profit Degree-Granting Institutions


20
$, B

15

10

0
2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: US Department of Education

110

2006

2007

2008

For-Profit Fall Enrollment


Enrollment Actual (in thousands)

2,000

% Total Industry Enrollment

10%

8%
1,500
6%
1,000
4%
500
2%

0%
1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Source: US Department of Education

For-Profit Institutions
1,200

900

600

300

0
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: US Department of Education

111

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Corporate Learning Market

Revenue (B)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

51.58

55.19

58.50

52.07

46.34

47.26

51.75

7.0%

6.0%

-11.0%

-11.0%

2.0%

9.5%

Y-o-Y

Revenue

y/y % change

70

15%
$, B

60

10%

50

5%

40

0%
30
-5%

20

-10%

10
0

-15%
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Source: Bersin & Associates

112

2010

2011

Learning Management Systems Market


1.2

Learning Management Systems

y/y % change

25%

$, B
20%

0.8
15%

10%
0.4

5%

0.0

0%

Source: BMO Capital Market

Education Publishing Net Dollar Sales


Growth
since 2008

Publishing Market Sizes

2010

Higher Education Publishing

$4.55B

23.1%

K-12

$5.5B

-6.8%

Professional Publishing

$3.75B

6.3%

Scholarly Publishing

$191M

4.7%

Source: BookStats, 2011


Simba Research estimates the US market for multimedia materials in higher education to be $1B by the end of 2011,
after growing 48.4%.

113

INDUSTRY LEADERS

114

Top US For-Profit Childcare Providers (Ranked by Capacity)

Company

Mkt. Share as %
Mkt. Share
% of
of center-based
Ownership Capacity Centers
as % of
total
capacity centers Capacity Centers

Headquarters

Knowledge Universe

Portland, OR

Private

218,300

1,641

2.2%

0.5%

2.8%

1.4%

Learning Care Group

Novi, MI

Private

156,110

1,036

1.6%

0.3%

2.0%

0.9%

Bright Horizons Family Solutions Watertown, MA

Private

80,000

730

0.8%

0.2%

1.0%

0.6%

Nobel Learning Communities

West Chester, PA

NLCI

28,500

184

0.3%

0.1%

0.4%

0.2%

Child Development Schools

Columbus, GA

Private

22,874

160

0.2%

0.0%

0.3%

0.1%

Phoenix Children's Academy

Scottsdale,AZ

Private

21,000

115

0.2%

0.0%

0.3%

0.1%

The Sunshine House

Greenwood, SC

Private

20,023

144

0.2%

0.0%

0.3%

0.1%

Minnieland Private Day School

Woodbridge, VA

Private

13,814

115

0.1%

0.0%

0.2%

0.1%

New Horizon Academy

Plymouth, MN

Private

13,032

86

0.1%

0.0%

0.2%

0.1%

CCLC

Sunnyvale, CA

Private

12,343

102

0.1%

0.0%

0.2%

0.1%

Source: Child Care Exchange and BMO Capital Markets

Top 10 Providers of Worksite Childcare (Ranked by Enrollment)


Contracted
Centers

Office Park
Centers

Organization

Ownership

Bright Hozizons Family Solutions

Private

485

215

77,000

Children's Creative Learning Centers

Private

93

16

12,380

Children's Choice Learning Centers

Private

36

6,205

Hildebrandt Learning Centers

Private

39

4,200

Tot-Time Child Development Centers

Private

13

13

2,716

New Horizon Academy

Private (non-profit)

12

2,364

Bar-T Day Kids Club

Private

30

1,800

Easter Seals Child Dev. Center Network

Private (non-profit)

11

1,304

Note: Data as of July 1, 2009.


Source: Child Care Exchange and BMO Capital Markets

115

Capacity

Top Testing and Assessment Providers


Organization

Ownership/Ticker

ACT

Private (non-profit)

College Board

Private

CompassLearning

WRC Media

CTB/McGraw-Hill and The Grow Network

MHP

Data Recognition Corporation

Private

Educational Media and Publishing Group

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Educational Testing Service

Private

Learning Express

Private

Learning.com

Private

Measured Progress

Private

Northwest Evaluation Association

Private

Pearson Educational Measurement

PSO

PLATO Learning

Private

Questar Assessment

QUSA.OB

Renaissance Learning

RLRN

Scantron Corporation

MFW

Source: BMO Capital Markets and Eduventures

116

Leading K-12 Professional Development Providers


Organization

Ownership/Ticker

Academy for Educational Development

Non-profit Agency

Canter

Laureate Education

Edvantia

Not-for-profit corporation

Houghton Mifflin School Division

Houghton Mifflin

Knowledge Delivery Systems

Private

McREL

Non-profit Agency

Pearson Learning Teams

PSO

School Improvement Network

Private

Solution Tree

Private

Teachscape

Private

WestEd Quality Teaching

Private

Source: BMO Capital Markets and Education Week

117

Leading K-12 Tutoring and Test Preparation Providers


Organization

Ticker

Type

A to Z In-Home Tutoring

SES/Private

Brainfuse

SES

Club Z!

SES/Private

Edison Learning

SES/Other Public

Educateonline

SES

Failure Free Reading

SES/Private

Huntington Learning Centers

SES/Private

Kaplan K12 Learning

WPO

SES/Other Public

Knowledge Learning

SES/Other Public

Kumon North America

SES/Private

Newton Learning - Edison Learning

SES/Other Public/Private

PLATO Learning

SES

Princeton Review

REVU

SES/Other Public/Private

Sylvan Learning Systems

SES/Other Public/Private

University Instructors

SES/Other Public/Private

Source: BMO Capital Markets and Eduventures

118

Top 10 For-Profit Educational Management Organizations


Public Schools
Under Mgmt.

Charter
Schools

Students in
Managed Schools

Company

Location

K12 (LRN)

Herndon, VA

24

23

39,069

National Heritage Academics

Grand Rapids, MI

60

60

38,470

EdisonLearning (fka Edison Schools) New York, NY

61

31

34,748

Imagine Schools

Arlington, VA

79

79

34,530

White Hat Management

Akron, OH

51

50

20,363

Academica

Miami,FL

55

55

20,300

Charter Schools USA

Fort Lauderdale, FL

34

24

18,500

The Leona Group

Phoenix, AZ

65

65

17,977

Connections Academy

Baltimore, MD

14

10

16,544

Mosaica Education

New York, NY

30

30

9,490

Note: Ranked by students in 2009-2010 school-year


Source: BMO Capital Markets based on information compiled by Education Policy Center, University of Colorado at
Boulder

119

Full-Time Online Schools Managed by For-Profit EMOs


Full-Time
Students

Company

Location

Start Date

K12

Herndon, VA

82,670

1999

K-12

Connections Academy

Baltimore. MD

35,000

2002

K-12

White Hat Management

Akron, OH

15,000

1988

K-12

Pinnacle Education

Tempe, AZ

5,075

1995

9-12

Note: Ranked by students in 2010-11 school-year


Source: BMO Capital Markets, Keeping Pace - Evergreen Education Group, 2011

120

Grade Levels

Leading Corporate Learning Provider


Training as

2011

Company

Ticker

Informa

INF.L

No

$1,227

Franklin Covey

FC

No

$161

Learning Tree

LTRE

Yes

$133

American Management Association

Privately held

No

$84

ExecuTrain

Privately held

Yes

$29

Global Knowledge Network

Privately held

Yes

$14

New Horizons

NWRZ

Yes

N/A

SkillSoft

Privately held

Yes

N/A

Element K

Privately held

Yes

N/A

Dale Carnegie

Privately held

Yes

N/A

Source: Capital IQ

121

primary service Revenue (M)

Top Companies in the Learning & Development Outsourcing Industry


Company

Ticker

Headquarters

ACS/Xerox

XRX

Irving,TX

Accenture

ACN

New York, NY

Adayana

Private

Minneapolis, MN

CGS Computer Generated Solutions

Private

New York, NY

Delta College Corporate Services

Private

Saginaw, MI

Expertus

Private

Mountain View, CA

General Physics - GP

GPX

Elkridge, MD

Genpact Content Solutions

GPX

New York, NY

Hemsley Fraser

Private

London, UK

IBM

IBM

Armonk, NY

Intrepid Learning Solutions

Private

Seattle, WA

KnowledgePool

Private

Berkshire, UK

LionBridge

Private

Waltham, MA

Logica

Private

Reading,UK

MicroTek

Private

Downers Grove, IL

NIIT, Ltd./Element K

NIITLTD.NS

Atlanta, GA & Rochester,NY

QA

Private

Slough, UK

Raytheon Professional Services

RTN

Dallas, TX

Tata Interactive

Private

Mumbai, India

The Training Associates

Private

Westboro, MA

Source: TrainingIndustry.com and BMO Capital Markets, 2011

122

For Profit Postsecondary School Operators Enrollment, Revenue


Company

Ticker

Revenue
(M)

Enrollment

Revenue
/Student

Market Cap
(M)

Apollo Group

APOL

$4,733

221,900

$21,329

$4,484

Washington Post

WPO

$4,215

74,550

NM

$2,923

Education Management

EDMC

$2,869

150,800

$19,025

$1,635

DeVry

DV

$2,153

212,696

$10,121

$2,159

Career Education

CECO

$1,884

99,000

$19,032

$494

Corinthian Colleges

COCO

$1,716

93,457

$18,364

$326

ITT Educational Services

ESI

$1,500

73,000

$20,547

$1,619

Strayer Education

STRA

$627

54,233

$11,569

$1,033

Lincoln Educational Services

LINC

$513

19,204

$26,692

$169

Universal Technical Institute

UTI

$441

18,500

$23,832

$307

Capella Education

CPLA

$430

37,704

$11,405

$485

American Public Education

APEI

$260

110,000

$2,367

$677

Note: Ranked by Revenue


Source: Capital IQ, Company Filings, 2011

123

Leading Learning Management Systems

Company

Ticker

Blackboard Learn

Private

Certpoint Systems

ACN

Cornerstone onDemand

CSOD

Geometrix Training Partner

Private

Inmedius' Generation21 Enterprise

Private

Knowledge Management Solutions'

Private

Meridian's KSI Knowledge Center

Private

Mzinga OmniSocial Learning Suite

Private

Outstart's TrainingEdge.com

Private

Saba's Enterprise Learning

SABA

Success Factors' Plateau

SAP

SumTotal Systems

Private

Taleo's Learn.com

ORCL

TEDS Talent Management

Private

WBT Systems

Private

Desire2Learn

Private

rSmart

Private

Source: Trimeritus.com

124

Leading Education Publishers


Ownership/
Ticker

Company

McGraw-Hill
Pearson Education
Kaplan
Cengage Learning
Scholastic
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
School Specialty
1

Revenue (in M)
CY2011

MHP

$6,502

PSON

$5,862

WPO

$2,465

Apax Partners

$1,958(1)

SCHL

$1,951

Edu Media &


Pub Group

$1,269.4(2)

SCHS

$762

Note: 2009 Revenue; 2006 Revenue.


Source: Capital IQ

125

Top 2011 Inc. 500|5000 Education Companies


Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Company

State

The Armando Montelongo Company


Charfen Institute
FortuneBuilders
Bach to Rock
Group Excellence
Trade the Markets
Mango Languages
Sure Prep Learning
Prospect Education
OnCourse Learning
Choice Solutions
Sullivan and Cogliano Training Centers
lynda.com
Children's Progress
Educere
C2 Education
StarShine Planet
Revolution Prep
Toolwire
Imagine Swimming
IData
General ASP
Hands-On Labs
Acumen Learning
The Learning Institute
Education Management Solutions
National Collegiate Scouting Association
UMBC Training Centers
The Salon People
Train Signal
Next Step Learning
ONLC Training Centers
Schoolwires
TrainingPro
Monarch Media
Ed Map
Achieve3000
Webucator
The Learning House
SureScore
Non-Public Educational Services
Internetwork Expert
GlobalEnglish Corporation
PC AGE
Mathnasium Learning Centers
School Choice International
U-GRO Learning Centres
LearnLive Technologies
Knowledge United
A+ Tutor U

Source: Inc 500

126

TX
TX
CA
MD
TX
TX
MI
AZ
NV
WI
MA
MA
CA
NY
PA
GA
AZ
CA
CA
NY
VA
IL
CO
UT
AR
PA
IL
MD
FL
IL
GA
DE
PA
MD
CA
OH
NJ
NY
KY
TX
MA
NV
CA
NJ
CA
NY
PA
WA
CA
FL

Rank
19
21
104
332
450
452
534
713
742
877
893
999
1,181
1,186
1,251
1,281
1,295
1,353
1,498
1,579
1,597
1,606
1,625
1,631
1,737
1,742
1,760
1,830
1,864
1,978
2,046
2,190
2,233
2,278
2,308
2,321
2,532
2,614
2,631
2,636
2,751
2,888
2,933
3,005
3,019
3,104
3,146
3,203
3,214
3,223

Revenue

Growth

$47.1
$9.9
$14.2
$3.3
$13.0
$4.3
$3.8
$2.5
$64.9
$27.8
$4.5
$11.1
$49.9
$3.3
$2.0
$37.0
$2.1
$18.8
$12.9
$2.5
$2.3
$2.4
$4.7
$4.0
$4.2
$14.0
$19.9
$5.3
$31.7
$5.5
$10.2
$12.7
$10.9
$11.8
$2.4
$64.4
$26.7
$4.2
$5.3
$4.4
$31.2
$4.6
$37.3
$2.4
$4.9
$2.0
$7.9
$4.1
$6.5
$13.8

8161%
8007%
2629%
1000%
773%
773%
629%
444%
425%
351%
343%
307%
250%
249%
233%
225%
223%
211%
186%
174%
172%
170%
167%
167%
154%
153%
152%
143%
140%
129%
124%
114%
111%
107%
105%
104%
93%
89%
88%
88%
81%
74%
72%
68%
68%
64%
63%
61%
61%
60%

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