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NON-SPOREFORMERS ANAEROBIC
BACTERIA
Dr. Lim
ANAEROBIC GRAM (-) BACILLI
Bacteroides fragilis
Prevotella
Fusobacteria

Bacteroides fragilis
Moderately anaerobic -> resist
O2 toxicity due to presence of
superoxide dismutase and
catalaase
With LPS in the cell membrane ->
negligible endotoxic activity
Produce betalactamase
Predominant isolates of colon
Disseminate in the blood stream
and goes to other organs
Causes most serious anaerobic
infections ->peritonitis, sepsis

Virulence factors in anaerobic gram
negative bacilli
Adhesions: enhances virulence
Capsule: B.fragilis, Prevotella
Fimbriae: B.fragilis,
Porphyromonas
Resist oxygen toxicity SOD,
catalase
Bacteroides little endotoxin
activity
Almost all Bacteroides produce
beta lactamase.


Fusobacterium
Normal flora of mouth and colon
Opportunistic
with scattered wheat straw,
fusiform appearance
causes Vincents Angina (with
Prevotella) acute necrotizing
ulcerative gingivitis

Non-sporeforming Gram Positive
Bacilli
Actinomyces
Propionibacterium
Lactobacillus
Bifidobacterium
Mobiluncus bacterial vaginosis,
opportunistic infections
Eubacterium opportunistic
infection

ANAEROBIC GRAM (+) BACILLI
Eubacterium
Associated with opportunistic
infections

Actinomycetes
Bacteria which looks like fungi
Actinomycosis

Propionibacterium
Normal flora of the skin
Related to acne formation
Opportunistic in prosthetic
devices

Lactobacillus
Normal flora of colon and vagina
Chief source of lactic acid of
vagina
Associated with opportunistic
infections
Can cause endocarditis

Bifidobacteria
Gram positive rods
Normal flora of mouth and colon
Present in the intestinal flora of
newborn

Peptostreptococcus
Normal flora of colon
Gram positive cocci
Opportunistic Bacteria in the
other sites

Predisposing factors:
Chronic disease
Trauma
Surgery


MISCELLANEOUS BACTERIA
Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae
Causes ERYSIPELOID
- associated with meat and fish
handlers (hands infected as
they handle the meat causing
swelling of the fingers)
- skin infection that resembles
like ERYSIPELAS (which is
associated with streptococcus)
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Gardinerella vaginalis
Associated with non-specific
vaginitis
- characterized by a
malodorous vaginal discharge
and CLUE CELLS (vaginal
epithelial cells covered with
bacteria)
- Bacterial vaginosis STD


Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Causes granuloma inguinale
- sexually transmitted disease
characterized by genital
ulceration and soft tissue and
bone destruction
Visualization of Donovan bodies
with large macrophages from the
lesions (diagnosis)
Causes Donovanosis

HACEK BACTERIA
Bacteria associated with the
development of endocarditis
Hemophilus aphrophilus
Actinomyces
actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens (sepsis, soft
tissue of head and neck)
Kingela kingae (opportunistic
infection)

Rat Bite fever sodoku
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Spirillum minus

Bartonella
B.bacilliformis
- Oroya fever + verruca percuana=
Carrisons dse
Bite of sandfly from
andes mountain animals;
very rare

B.quintana
- Bite of human body louse
- Causes Trench fever
- Causes bacillary angiomatosis
Vascular proliferative
tumor (like Kaposi
sarcoma)
Associated with
endocarditis
B.henselae: Cat scratch disease,
bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis

Flavobacterium meningosepticum
Neonatal meningitis and sepsis