UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY II
(CHE523)



NAME : MUHAMMAD ZAIDI BIN MISNI
STUDENT NO. : 202!0!0!
E"#ERIMENT : FLO$METER MEASUREMENT
DATE
#ERFORMED
DATE
SUBMITTED
:
:
25 MARCH 20%
& A#RIL 20%
SEMESTER : 3
#ROGRAMME '
CODE
: B()*+,-. -/ E0120++.201 (H-03.) 20 C*+42)(,
E0120++.201' EH220
CHECK BY: CIK SITI KHATIJAH BT JAMALUDIN
N-. T25,+ A,,-)(5+6 4(.73 8 M(.73 8
A935.()5'S:44(.; 5
2 I05.-6:)52-0 5
3 A243'O9<+)52=+3 5
% T*+-.; 5
5 A>>(.(5:3 5
? E@>+.24+05(, #.-)+6:.+ 0
! R+3:,53 0
& C(,):,(52-03 0
A D23):332-0 20
0 C-0),:32-0 0
R+)-44+06(52-03 5
2 R+/+.+0)+3 5
3 A>>+062)+3 5
TOTAL 00
. ABSTRACT
Flow rate measurement metho !an "e !lass#$#e #nto two% wh#!h are #re!t or
#n#re!t& In th#s e'(er#ment% we w#ll #s!uss a"out the #n#re!t metho& In#re!t
metho #n)ol)es the measurement o$ a (ressure !han*e +or some other )ar#a"le,%
wh#!h #n turn #s #re!tl- relate to the $low rate& Three most !ommon e)#!es use to
measure the #nstantaneous are )entur# meter. or#$#!es an )ar#a"le area meter& In th#s
emonstrat#on Flow Meter Test /#* +F0120, an the H-raul#!s Ben!h Ser)#!e
Moule +F0103, are use #n th#s e'(er#ment&
The o(erat#on ea!h o$ these meters o(erates on the (r#n!#(le that a e!rease #n
$low area #n a (#(e !auses an #n!rease #n )elo!#t- that #s a!!om(an#e "- e!rease #n
(ressure& The #$$eren!e "etween them #s a matter o$ !ost% a!!ura!-% an how !losel-
a!tuall- o(erat#on o"e-s the #eal#4e $low assum(t#on&
2. INTRODUCTION
Flu# me!han#!s has e)elo(e an anal-t#!al #s!#(l#ne $rom the a((l#!at#on o$
the !lass#!al laws o$ stat#!% -nam#!s an thermo-nam#!s% to s#tuat#on #n wh#!h
$lu#s !an "e treate as !ont#nuous me#a& The (art#!ular laws #n)ol)e are those o$
!onser)at#on o$ mass. these laws ma- "e s#m(l#$#e #n an attem(t to es!r#"e
5uant#tat#)el- the "eha)#or o$ the $lu#s&
The h-raul#! "en!h ser)#!e moule% F0103% (ro)#es the ne!essar- $a!#l#t#es
to su((ort a !om(rehens#)e ran*e o$ h-raul#! moels ea!h o$ wh#!h #s es#*ne to
emonstrate a (art#!ular as(e!t o$ h-raul#! theor-&
The s(e!#$#! h-raul#! moel that #s !on!erne $or th#s e'(er#ment #s the $low
meter test r#* +F0120,& Th#s !ons#sts o$ )enture meter% )ar#a"le area meter% an or#$#!e
(late #nstalle #n a ser#es o$ !on$#*urat#ons to allow $or #re!t !om(ar#sons&
6ar#a"le hea meters wor7 on the (r#n!#(le that a )ar#at#on o$ the $low rate
throu*h a !onstr#!t#on w#th a !onstant !ross1se!t#onal area !auses a (ressure ro(
su$$ere "- the $lu# as #t $lows throu*h the !onstr#!t#on& The (ressure ro( #s relate
to the $low rate% an hen!e )ar#at#ons o$ the (ressure ro( !an "e use to measure
)ar#at#ons #n the $low rate& The most !ommon e'am(les o$ )ar#a"le hea meters use
#n #nustr- are the )entur# meter an the or#$#!e meter&
In orer to !ontrol these (ro!esses an to !al!ulate mass "alan!es $or these
(ro!esses #t #s #m(ortant to "e a"le to a!!uratel- measure the $low rate o$ these $lu#s
as the- mo)e throu*h (#(es% !onu#ts% or !hannels&
T*+ V+05:.2 M+5+.
The )entur# meter #s use to measure the rate o$ $low #n a (#(e& It #s
*enerall- !ast#n* !ons#st#n* o$ an u(stream (ort#on% wh#!h #s the same s#4e as the
(#(e% has a "ron4e l#ner an !onta#ns a (#e4ometer r#n* $or measur#n* stat#!
(ressure& It also !ons#sts o$ a !on)er*#n* !on#!al re*#on% a !-l#nr#!al throat w#th a
"ron4e l#ner !onta#n#n* a (#e4ometer r#n* an *rauall- #)er*#n* !on#!al re*#on
lea#n* to a !-l#nr#!al se!t#on the s#4e o$ the (#(e& A #$$erent#al manometer s
atta!he to the two (#e4ometer r#n*s& The s#4e o$ a )entur# meter #s s(e!#$#e "-
the (#(e an throat #ameter& +see a((en#!es,
T*+ O.2/2)+ M+5+.
The or#$#!e meter #s also use #n measur#n* the $low rate o$ a reser)o#r or
throu*h a (#(e& An or#$#!e ma- "e (la!e #n the wall or at the "ottom& It #s an
o(en#n*% usuall- roun% throu*h wh#!h the $lu# $lows& +see a((en#!es,
T*+ V(.2(9,+ M+5+.
Also 7nown as rotameter that !ons#sts o$ an enlar*#n* trans(arent tu"e an
a meter#n* 8$loat9 that #s #s(la!e u(war "- the u(war $low o$ $lu# throu*h
the tu"e& The tu"e #s *rauate to rea the $low #re!tl-& Not!hes #n the $loat
!ause #t to rotate an thus ma#nta#n a !entral (os#t#on #n the tu"e& The *reater the
$low% the h#*her the (os#t#on the $loat assumes& +see a((en#!es,
3. OBJECTIVES
The o":e!t#)e o$ th#s e'(er#ment #s to #n)est#*ate the o(erat#on o$ se)eral t-(es o$
$low meters su!h as )entur# meter% or#$#!e meter an also )ar#a"le area meter%
#n!lu#n* a!!ura!- an hea loss& Cal#"rat#on o$ a $low meter w#ll also "e (er$orme&
B- measurement o$ )olume $low rates an asso!#ate (ressure losses w#th three $low
meters !onne!te #n ser#es an us#n* t#me )olume !olle!t#on to (rou!e a re$eren!e
measurement o$ $low rate&
Bes#es that% we w#ll !al!ulate the !oe$$#!#ent o$ #s!har*e $rom e'(er#mental ata
$or a )enture meter an an or#$#!e meter&
%. THEORY
E5u#(ment Set U(
0& The $low meter test r#* #s (la!e on the "en!h an #ts le)el #s ensure& +ne!essar-
$or a!!urate rea#n* $rom the manometer, The #nlet (#(e #s !onne!te to the "en!h
su((l- an #nto the )olumetr#! tan7% an se!ures the en o$ the (#(e to (re)ent #t
$rom mo)#n*&
2& ;hen the (um( #s starte% the "en!h )al)es an the )al)es o$ the test r#* $low
!ontrol )al)e #s o(ene to $lush the s-stem&
<& Both o$ the "en!h an test r#* )al)es are !lose to "lee a#r $rom the (ressure
ta((#n* (o#nt an manometer& The a#r "lee s!rew #s o(ene an on the other s#e%
the !a( $rom the a:a!ent a#r )al)es #s remo)e& Then the len*th o$ small1"ore
tu"#n* $rom the a#r )al)es #s !onne!te to the )olumetr#! tan7&
=& The "en!h )al)e #s o(ene an $low #s allowe throu*h the manometer tu"es to
(ur*e them o$ a#r& A#r "lee s!rew #s t#*htene. the test r#* $low !ontrol )al)es are
(artl- o(ene an (artl- !lose the "en!h )al)es&
>& The a#r "lee s!rew #s o(ene sl#*htl- to allow a#r to "e rawn #nto the to( o$ the
manometer tu"es&
?& The s!rew #s re1t#*htene when the manometer le)els rea!h a !on)en#ent he#*ht&
@& All manometer le)els are !he!7e on s!ale at the ma'#mum $low rate +$ull1s!ale
rea#n* on the )ar#a"le area meter,& These le)els !an a:ust "- us#n* the a#r "lee
s!rew or the han (um( su((l#e&
Ta7#n* A Set o$ /esults
0& At a $#'e $low rate% all manometer he#*hts an the )ar#a"le area meter rea#n*
are re!ore an a t#me )olume !olle!t#on us#n* the )olumetr#! tan7 #s !arr#e
out&
2& Th#s #s a!h#e)e "- !los#n* the "all )al)e an "- us#n* a sto(wat!h. the t#me
ta7en to a!!umulate a 7nown )olume o$ $lu# #n the tan7 #s !olle!te% as measure
$rom the s#*ht1*lass&
<& Flu# #s !olle!te $or at least one m#nute m#n#m#4es t#m#n* errors&
=& Th#s measurement #s re(eate tw#!e to !he!7 $or !ons#sten!- an then a)era*e
rea#n*s are ta7en&
5. A##ARATUS
?. #ROCEDURES
!. RESULTS
&. CALCULATIONS
A. DISCUSSIONS
0. CONCLUSIONS
. RECOMMENDATIONS
2. REFERENCES
0& Coulson J& M&% /#!harson J& F&B C*+42)(, E0120++.201 V-,:4+ C (F,:26
F,-DB H+(5 T.(03/+. (06 M(33 T.(03/+.) (
06
E6)% Pergamon Press
Australia (2000).
2& F,:26 M2@201 M(0:(,B Fa!ult- o$ Chem#!al En*#neer#n*% Mara Un#)ers#t-
o$ Te!hnolo*- +230=,&
3. A##ENDICES