1

+Q +Q
d
~
R R
230V
Detailed solution of IES 2103 (ECE) objective Paper I : Set A
1. (D) Atomic packing factor for FCC is 74% and C.N. is 12
2. (C) No. of es per unit volume in a metal is almost constant with respect to temperature
i.e. resistivity of a metal dep. upon relaxation time.
If T(|) thermal speed of es (|) and amplitude of atomic vibration (|) so No. of collisions (|)
and time b/w successive collisions (+) t(+).
So Resistivity (|).
3. (A) Heavy doping is 1 part in 10
3

Medium doping is 1 part in 10
6

4. (B)
drift *
e
v E E
m
t | |
= =
|
\ .

If T (|) No. of charge carriers (|) and (+) so v
drift
(+)
5. (D)
1
f
2 LC
=
t

Inductance is equivalent to Mass (M)
6. (A) Neel Temp is for Anti ferromagnetic materials
7. (B)
m r
X 1 =
For Diamagnetic
5
m
X 10

=
So
5
r
1 10 1

= <
8. (B) Piezo electric crystal is used for Ultrasonic flow transducer.
9. (B)
m
C
X
T
=
10. (B) Ferrites have high resistivity and low eddy current losses.
11. (C) In series current value will remain same

( )
2
2
230
V
P 60W
R R
= =
So Resistance of each bulb
will be
( )
2
230
R
60
=
Total resistance of both bulbs will be
( )
2
230
2R
30
=
So
( )
( )
2
Total 2
230
P 30 30watt
230
= =
12. (C)


2
2
0
1 Q
F .
4 d
=
tc

If dielectric K is introduced between both charges then


2
~
20V, DC
4H
P N P
B
C E

2
2
0
1 Q
F' .
4 K.d
=
tc
So
F
F'
K
=
13. (C)
1 2
C C 25 (1) + =
( )
1 2
1 2
C C
4 2
C C
=
+

So
1 2
C 5F & C 20F = =
14. (C)



In steady state inductor will be short circuited so
20
I 10 Amp.
2
= =
15. (A)
9.544 Power
Torque
n

=
Power is watt n is in Revolution per minute
( )
4
9.544 10
Torque 106.04 N.met
900

= =
16. (D) A heavily doped S.C. behaves like a metal and in case of metal conductivity (+) with (|) in
temp. So heavily doped S.C. has +ve temp. coeff of resistance.
17. (C) Reverse characteristic of Zener diode are not same as in F. bias diode because in R.bias zener
behaves like a break down volt zener diode.
18. (D) Tunnel diode has both N & P regions as heavily doped because Tunnel is heavily doped
diode and heavily doped S.C are known as degenerate S.C
19. (D) Photo diode in Reverse bias is used for measurement of light intensity.
20. (A)
C
m
T
I
g
V
=
by (BE) Loop :

B B
C B
m
2.3
3 100I 0.7 I
100
I I 2.3mA
2.3
g 92 mA/v
25
= + =
= | =
= =

21. (A) For biasing there is no relation with loading to source.
For proper biasing it is assumed that there is no ac signal at the input.
In biasing Q pt. must be stablised. If V
CE
falls below 0.5V for Ge and 1V for Si then it will
not remain in active region and can enter into saturation and will behave like switch.
22. (C)



For saturation B-E & C-B junction must be F. biased.


3
C R
V=10v
e
{
y

EB CB
V 0 & V 0 > >
In NPN
BE BC
V 0 & V 0 > >
So here base potential is greater than Emitter -collector potential.
23. (C) If
0.9
0.9 9
1 0.9
o = | = =

If
( )
by 0.5% o |

( )
0.9 1.005
' 0.9 1.005 '
1 0.9 1.005
0.9045 9.47

o = | =

= =

% change in
9.47 9
100%
9

| =
= 5.2%
24. (B) Input impedance
i ie e
R h .r = =|

3
T
i 6
C
3
i
V 100 25 10 volt
R 100
I 100 10
R 25 10 25K

= =

= O= O

25. (B) When collector base volt (|) then effective width of base (+) and values of both o and | are
(|).
26. (A) Snubber circuit is used for
dv
dt
protection.
27. (A)




c
4
dV
I C.
dt
10
1mA 10
dt

=
=

dt 1sec =
Time constant is 1 sec so we will assume that it will be charged in approximately five time
constants.
28. (D) Differential amplifiers are preferred due to high CMRR. So Noise is rejected due to high
value of CMRR.
29. (C)
30. (A) R
A

=
Here A is cross sectional area A = e.y

s
R . R
.y y
| | | |
= = =
| |
e e e
\ . \ .



4
n
2
n
1
LED
10V
Radiated
light
Here R
s
is sheet resistance. Here
s
R
y

=
This sheet resistance has common unit ohm per square which is dimensionally equal to ohm.
31. (A) Core R.I. n
1

Cladd R.I. n
2


1 2
n n >
32. (D)
2
0
1
h h mv
2
v = u +
hv is energy of incident photons
0
hu is minimum energy required to detach es from atom
(work fn) and
2
1
mv
2
is K.E. of emitted es.
According to Einsteins equation if frequency of incident radiation is less than certain
minimum value then photo electric emission is not possible. This frequency is known as
Thresold frequency. Here the frequency of incident radiation below which photo electric
emission is not possible is known as Theresold frequency or cutoff frequency it is given by
2
0
hV 1/2mv
V
h

=
On the other hand if the wavelength of incident radiation is more than certain critical value
then photo electric emission is not possible. This wavelength is known as threshold W.L. or
cutoff W.L. and is given by

( )
0
2
hc
1
hV mv
2
=
(

(


33. (A)
10 2
I
680

=

8
I Amp.
680
=
I 11.76mA =
34. (C) If signal x(t) can any take values in the interval (, ) then it is called Analog signal.
35. (A)
( ) ( )
2
2
1
I 5t 1 t dt = + o
}

Between 1 & 2 o(t) value is zero so I = 0
36. (C) For BIBO stable system Eigen values must be negative which may be distinct or repetitive.
So condition is Eigen value negative.
37. (C) I sin t t dt
4

t | |
= o
|
\ .
}

at
( )
t only t will exist
4
4
t
t
= o
So
( )
1
I sin
4
2
| |
t
= =
|
\ .



5
38. (B)
| | | | ( )
n
y n 0.6y n 1 0.4 , n 0 = >
| |
y 1 10 =
Charact equation is
2
z 0.6z 0 =
( ) z z 0.6 0 z 0, z 0.6 = = =
Since input is of the form ( )
n
0.4
So
| | ( )
n
p
y n B 0.4 =

| | | | | |
n n 1 n
B 0.4 0.6B 0.4 0.4

=

| | ( ) | |
| |
n n 1
B 0.4 1 0.6 0.4 0.4
B 1 6/4 1 B 2

(
=

= =

| | ( )
n
p
y n 2 0.4 = Forced response

| | ( )
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
n
c
n n
1 1
y n A 0.6
y n A 0.6 2 0.4
y 1 10 A 0.6 2 0.4

=
=
= =


| | | |
n
c
A 2
10
0.6 0.4
A 15 0.6 9
y n 9 0.6 natual respose
=
= =
=

39. (D)
40. (A)
| | | | | |
9
y n y n 2 x n 1
16
=

2
9
z 0 z 3/4
16
= =
So homogeneous solution or complementary solution is
| | ( ) ( )
n n
1 2
y n K 3/4 K 3/4 = +
41. (B) For maximum power transformation i/p impedance should be .
42. (C) It is Non periodic signal, because sequence is not repeated.
So No. chance of periodic.
43. (C) Fourier transform is calculated for Non periodic signals.
Condition for existence of Fourier transforms form are:
1. ( )
2
x t dt

}
is finite.
2. x(t) should have finite no. of maxima & minima within any finite interval.
3. x(t) should have finite no. of discontinuities within any finite interval.
44. (C) If f(t) is real & odd then Fourier transform F(w) will be imaginary & odd.
45. (C) If any sequence is neither absolutely summable nor square summable.


6
R
V
+

i(t)
1H
If function is not converged then Fourier Transform formula is not applied in this case
Fourier transform will use Impulses.
46. (A) Fourier Transform of Impulse o(t) is 1.
47. (A) ( ) | | | |
0 0
x n n n x n n o =
48. (A) Final value of x[n] is

( ) ( )
1
z 1
lim 1 z X z

( ) ( )
( )
2
z 1
z 1 z 8z 7
lim
z 4z 7z 3

=
+


( )
z 1
z 1
lim

=
( )
( ) ( )
8z 7
4z 3 z 1

( )
( )
8 7
1
4 3

= =

49. (A) is correct
50. (D) | | | |
n
x n a u n =
( )
1
1 z
X z
1 az z a

= =


51. (A) ( )
XX
No
W/Hz
2
o =
( )
F.T
t 1 o
F.T of ACF is P.S.D
So ( )
F.T
No No
t
2 2
o
So ( )
XX
No
R t
2
= o
52. (C)



V
0.5 (1)
R
V
0.4 (2)
R 5
=
=
+


5 R 5
R 20, So V 10
4 R
+
= = =
Now
10
0.2
R'
=
R' 50 = O
So it will change from 25O to 50O
53. (A)





7
4I
I
A
B
+

+
+

3I
i(t)
2
20v

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3s
di
2 t 3 2i t
dt
2e 2 s I s

o = +
= +

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3s
2 t 3
2e
I s i t 2e u t 3
s 2

= =
+

54. (D)




By applying KVL

AB
4.I 1.I V 0 + + =

OC
SC
OC
Th
SC
V 5I (1)
I I (2)
V
R 5
I
=
=
= = O

55. (C) Determinant cant be zero but it may be negative.
56. (B) For calculation of R
Th
independent sources are turned off but controlled sources are not
turned off. For dependent sources it would not be OFF.
57. (A) For determining response of a linear n/w for t < t
o
no need of condition for the input ( )
0
t t >
58. (B) ( )
t
0
1
v t idt
C
=
}

Integration of sq. wave will be triangular wave.
59. (D)
2 2
P I R I 16.8 = =

2
168 I .10 =

2
2
50 0 2500
I 168.8
100 X
100 X
= =
+
+

X 7 =
Total reactance will be j7 ohm
Now
1 2
L L 2M j7 + =
j5 78 2M j7 + =
2M j6 M j3 = =
So here reactance
m
jX will be 3O
60. (B) ( )
di
20 4i t 2
dt
= +


8
4
6
2
5
1
3
I
2
I
1
+

V
2
+

V
1

( )
( )
( )
( )
di t
10 2i t
dt
10
I s
s s 2
= +
=
+


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2t 2
10 1 1 1 1
I s I s 5
2 s s 2 s s 2
i t 5 1 e so i 1 5 1 e 4.32 Amp

( (
= =
( (
+ +

( ( = = =


61. (B)




Tie set:

1 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 1
(
(
+
(
(


62. (D) No. of Nodel equation = ( ) n 1
No. of Mesh equation ( ) b n 1 =
63. (B)
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
A B A B A B
C D C D C D
( ( (
=
( ( (


64. (A) Value of R will be 10 + j 10
R 10 2 14.14 = O= O
65. (D)
66. (A)
67. (A)
1 11 1 12 2
I g V g I = +

2 21 1 22 2
V g V g I = +


68. (C) | |
2 3 2 3
T
1 2 1 2
( (
=
( (



7 12
4 7
(
=
(


69. (A) It is symmetrical network.
70. (D) Lossless network means LC network. Condition for LC network is that degree of N
r
and D
r

differ by 1.
71. (A) The degree of P(s) and Q(s) may differ at most by unity. The Lowest degree terms in P(s) and
Q(s) also may differ at most by unity and it is the ratio of either even to odd or odd to even
So n m 1 s


9
+

V
c
R
1
i(t)
2A
1
2
F
72. (C)





73. (A) 1
st
pole then zero for RC driving point impedance
74. (B) Put s = 0 z(s) = R and which is in option (B) only.
75. (B) orays & cathode rays are not EM wave.
76. (C)
1 2
0 1 0 2
Q Q
4 R 4 R
=
tc tc


2
1 1 1
2
2 2 2
Q R R
6 6 36
Q R R
t
= = =
t

77. (A)
m
m
E
120
H
= t
78. (D)
2
1
U LI
2
=
79. (C) D is charge per unit area
80. (A)
3
0
s
4
D.ds r
3
= t
}


2 3
0
0
4
D 4 r r
3
r
D
3
t
t =

=


0
r
E
3

=
c

81. (None)
( )
2 2 2
V A x y z = + +

( )
( )
P
Q
V A 1 4 5A
V A 1 1 4 6A
= + =
= + + =

82. (C) ( ) 1 j
2
e
q = +
o
for good conductor

8 7
6
2 10 4 10
0 58 10
3.69

t t
q =

q =

83. (A) Both equation are correct but solution is not unique.
84. (B) ( )
m y
E E sin t z a = e |
( )( )
m
x
E
H sin t z a = e |
q



10
XY Recorder
or
oscilloscope
Ratiometer
incident
channel
Reflected
channel
Tuned
detector
Tuned
detector
Coupler
1
Coupler
2
Variable
PAD
Sweep
oscill.
Modulator
Load
Caliber
S.Ckt

( )
m
x
E .
B H sin t z a

= = e |
q

q =
c


( )
( )
m x
m
x
p
B E . sin t z a
E
B sin t z a
v
= c e |

= e |

Where
( )
p
v / = e |
85. (A)
m
m
E
H
= q

m
1v/m
120
H
= t

m
1
H 2.65 mA/m
120
= =
t

86. (A)









87. (C) Z
0
is independent of length of transmission line.
88. (B)
p
r
c
v =
c

89. (D) Resistance of a metallic wire depends upon length and its cross sectional area. If a long
resistance wire is stressed and strained then its dimensions are changed and its value of
resistance will change. So it Converts strain into change of resistance
90. (D) In differential mode so that NULL position can be obtained
91. (A) It is basic formula
1. Radiation intensity ( , ) U u | : It is nothing but power per unit solid angle.

2
2
( , )
4
4
4
avg
avg
Total power
U
P
r
P r
u |
t
t
t
=
=
=

2. Average value of Radiation Intensity is given by



11
4
( , )sin
rad
avg
rad
P
U
P U d d
t
u | u u |
=
=
}}

92. (D) Both are non inductive so error in reading should be zero
93. (A)
150
Limitingerror 100% 1.81%
83
= =
94. (D) Desirable features of strain gauge are:
1. It should have a high value of gauge factor which means large change in resistance for a
particular strain
2. The resistance of strain gauge should be enough to minimize effect of undesirable variations
3. Strain gauge should have low resistance temperature coefficient which is essential to
minimize errors according to temperature
4. Strain gauge should have linear characteristic i.e. variation in resistance should have a linear
function of strain.
95. (B) Secondary of C.T should not be kept open either it should be short circuited or must be
connected in series with a low resistance coil such as current coils of wattmeter coil of
ammeter etcs.
If it is left open then current through secondary becomes zero hence Ampere turns produced
by secondary which is generally oppose primary turn becomes zero. As there is no counter
MMF unopposed primary flux will produce high flux in core.
1. It produces excessive core loss and heating of coils beyond limits
2. Heavy induced EMF on primary and secondary side may damage the insulation of winding
which is dangerous from operating point of view. It is usually ground the C.T on secondary
side to avoid the damage of shock to operator.
Hence Never open the secondary winding circuit of a current transformer while its primary
winding is energized.
96. (C)
3
F/ A l 3
Y 10
l / l l 2.1

A
= =
A


R / R
Now K
l / l
A
=
A

97. (C) 10K / V hasR 1M &20K / V hasR 2M O = O O = O

max
Total R 3M
3
V 100 150V
2
= O
= =

98. (B)
2
V u
99. (B)
4
1
Resolution 0.0001
10
= =
Resolution on 1Volt range is 1 0.0001 0.0001 = so in this case 0.3861 will be read as 0.3861
Resolution on 10Volt range is 10 0.0001 0.001 = so in this case 0.3861 will be read as 0.386
100. (C) Maximum third order dynamic range =
2 2 220
(DANL TOI) (25 85) dB
3 3 3
= + =


12
101. (B) Band width =
s
f
n
2

102. (D)
10
5
r 5mV
2 1
= =

103. (C)
R / R
K
l / l
A
=
A

104. (A) 1.25 cm produces 5.2 Volt so 1.1 cm produces:
5.2
1.1 4.576volt
1.25
= +
1.25 cm produces 5.2 Volt so -0.4 cm produces:
5.2
0.4 1.664volt
1.25
=
105. (D) It is independent of time
106. (D)
R / R
K
l / l
A
=
A

107. (A) This is basically an input offset voltage which is due to OP-AMP
108. (D) 24 2 Volt reads displacement of 25
3
25 10

cm
So one calculate reading for 5 Volt
109. (C) Two minimum diodes are not required for HWR
110. (C) Power factor in insulator is dielectric loss and it generally does not change with temperature
directly.
111. (D) SCR does not have negative resistance characteristics.
112. (B) Both are correct
113. (A)
114. (D) Initial conditions should not be zero.
115. (C) Aliasing cannot be reversed
116. (A)
117. (D)
118. (B)
119. (A)
120. (C) It cant behave like photo resistive sensor because LDR are the materials which behave like
resistors.