Homework Task Yr.

7 Water/Mixtures Unit
Science as a Human Endeavour

The draft for this assignment is due on: Monday, 2
nd
of June 2014.
This assignment is due on: ____________________________.
You are to research a mixture separation technique. The aim of this assignment is for you to discuss
how a particular separation techniques works, how it is used in todays society and its application to
a specific mixture and evaluate its use against other methods.
Tasks:
1. Choose one of the following separation techniques that will be the focus of your assignment:
- Reverse osmosis
- Centrifuging
- Magnetic separation
- Chromatography
- Distillation

2. Provide the following information:
Definition of substance, pure substance, mixture and solution in your own words
and provides examples of each
A description and explanation of your separation technique works, including
annotated diagrams
Description of where your separation techniques are used today/practical
application of your separation technique in the world.
Application of your technique to the following problem: Mr McKinley comes to you
with a mixture of muddy salty water that has some iron nails in it.
Alternative separation methods to solving the problem.
Evaluation of methods in solving the problem.
Bibliography


You may choose how you present your information such as PowerPoint presentation, poster, book
format, webpage etc., or your teacher may specify a method. Remember that you must include a
bibliography.
The draft must be submitted on the data sheet.



Marking Scheme:
Definition of key terms
Dictionary definition (Q1)
Definition of key terms
Own definition (Q1)
Definition of key terms
examples (Q1)
Information of chosen
separation technique (Q2)
0 not attempted
1 some but not all
attempted/incorrect
2 all terms supplied (but
not accessible to a Yr. 7
audience)
3 all terms supplied
(accessible terminology to
a Yr. 7 audience)
0 not attempted
1 Some but not all
attempted/incorrect
definition given.
2 all attempted and
correct

0 Not attempted
1 Few examples
given/many incorrect
examples
2 Most examples
given/only a few examples
are incorrect.
3 All eight examples given
and all correct.
0 not attempted
1 basic elements
provided
2 some elements
provided
3 most elements
provided
4 An annotated diagram
with detailed written
description in own words of
how technique works
Current uses for the
technique practical use
#1 (Q3)
Current uses for the
technique practical use
#2 (Q3)
Application of technique to
problem. (Q4 a/b)
Alternative Methods to
problem method #1 (Q4c)
0 Not attempted
1 basic explanation and
discussion
2 Adequate explanation
and discussion.
3 Good explanation and
discussion
4 Excellent explanation
and discussion (including
relevant pictures).
0 Not attempted
1 basic explanation and
discussion
2 Adequate explanation
and discussion.
3 Good explanation and
discussion
4 Excellent explanation
and discussion (including
relevant pictures).
0 Not attempted
1 basic explanation and
discussion
2 Adequate explanation
and discussion.
3 Good explanation and
discussion
4 Excellent explanation
and discussion
0 Not attempted
1 Basic information/
reasoning given.
2 Adequate information/
reasoning given
3 Good explanation/
reasoning given
4 Excellent explanation/
reasoning given.
Alternative Methods to
problem method #1 (Q4c)
Evaluation of techniques
(Q5)
Bibliography (Q6) Quality of Assignment
0 Not attempted
1 Basic information/
reasoning given.
2 Adequate information/
reasoning given
3 Good explanation/
reasoning given
4 Excellent explanation/
reasoning given.
0 Not attempted
1 basic explanation and
discussion
2 Adequate explanation
and discussion.
3 Good explanation and
discussion
4 Excellent explanation
and discussion
0 not included
1 1 reference included
2 2 references included
3 3 references included
4 4 or more references
included.
0 no presentation applied
1 some application of
spelling, grammar,
appropriate use of
pictures/diagrams,
headings/etc.
2 good use of spelling,
grammar,
pictures/diagrams,
headings, etc.
Draft
0 not submitted/not
submitted on time
1 on time but incomplete
2 On time, good progress,
clear outline provided.



*Plagiarism will result in 0 marks for the criteria.
TOTAL /44



DATA SHEET

DRAFT SUBMISSION











1. Definitions and examples:
Word Dictionary Definition Definition in my
own words.
Two
Examples
Substance
that of which a thing consists;
physical matter or material


Any kind of
chemical or
ingredient
Oxygen
&
Water (H2O)
Pure
substance
A pure substance or chemical substance is a
material that has constant composition (is
homogeneous) and has consistent properties
throughout the sample
It has only one
type of atom
(element) or
one type of
compound.
Sulphur
&
Diamond
Mixture
A composition of two or more substances that
are not chemically combined with each other a
nd arecapable of being separated.

Substances that
are mixed but
have no bonds
between each
other
Sea water
&
Milk
Solution
a homogeneous mixture of two or more
substances in which the molecules or atoms of
the substances are completely dispersed.


A mixture of a
solute and a
solvent
Sea water
&
Alcoholic
beverages

2. Information on my chosen separation technique.
My information:

Name: Jacquelene Kong
Homegroup: 7B1
My chosen separation technique is: Distillation

a. Definition of separation technique (in your own words)
Distillation is a technique used to separate elements from mixtures (purifying). This technique
involves evaporation and condensation.

b. Explanation of how the separation technique works. Including annotated
diagram/labelled picture (in your own words)

3. Two ways of where the separation technique is used today.
a. Practical Use #1
i. Where it is used:
Distillation is commonly used in refining crude oil to make fuel. This type of
distillation is known as fractional distillation (separating all the components
in the mixture). Some of the components in crude oil cannot be used as fuel
so that is why the different components in crude oil are separated.
ii. Explanation (including pictures):








In order to purify mixture with the distillation
technique, the mixture is first heated. When the
compound reaches its boiling point, it will begin
to evaporate. Most of the gas will travel through
a tube, once it hits the cooler temperature, it
begins to condense and then drip into a
container placed by the tube. Because the
solutes have a higher boiling point than the
solvent, it will take a much longer time to
evaporate and travel along with solvent.
1. The oil is heated to around 600 degree Celsius
using high pressure steam.
2. Once the different substances reached their
boiling point, it evaporates into gas.
3. The gas will then pass through a tube into a
distillation column.
4. The distillation column has different
temperatures, hotter at the bottom and cooler
at the top. There are many trays along the side
of the distillation column.
5. The gas rises until it gets to the temperature of
its boiling point. Once it gets to that height, it
travels to a tray while condensing. Because all
the components have a different boiling point,
it is unlikely to get mixed up.

b. Practical Use #2
i. Where it is used:
Distillation is also a common method used to make strong alcohol
beverages. Many alcohols such as beer and wine have lower concentration
because it only goes through the fermentation process (a chemical reaction
that can occur when yeast breaks down sugar). During the fermentation
process, the ethanol produced becomes toxic for the yeast cells when it
reaches the concentration between 14% -18%, this kills the yeast cells.
Because of this, the percentage of alcohol in alcoholic drinks that do not go
through distillation process can only be around 16%. In order to create a
stronger alcohol beverage (such as whiskey, rum, gin, vodka and brandy)
distillation process is gone through. The distillation process separates the
non-alcohol component from the fermented drink leaving behind a drink
with higher concentration of alcohol.


ii. Explanation (including pictures):
















1. Because waters boiling point is 100
degree Celsius and alcohols boiling
point is 78 degree Celsius, the
fermented mixture is heated to
between 78- 100 degree Celsius.
2. Once the alcohol reaches its boiling
point, it travels through the copper
tube to a container while
condensing back into liquid.
4. Mr McKinley comes to you with a mixture of muddy salty water that has some iron nails in
it.
a. Will your separation technique be able to help Mr McKinley separate the
substances?
Distillation will be able to help Mr McKinley separate the substances.

b. Give an explanation/reason for your answer.
Because mud, salt and iron have a higher boiling point than water the mud, salt and iron will be able
to be separated from the water. Though the mud, salt, water and iron cannot be completely
separated because mud, salt and iron cannot evaporate.

c. Describe two alternative separation methods that might help Mr McKinleys
problem. You may wish to refer to methods from the Science textbook.
i. Method #1
1. Name of method: Centrifuging

2. Description of method: Centrifuging is a method to separate
components into layers according to their density. The separation of
components of blood in blood bank is a common clinical practise.
Centrifuging uses a machine that rotates in high speed. Centrifugal
force separates the heavier substances with the lighter substances.


3. How the method would help Mr McKinleys mixture.
Because mud, water and salt have different density, the centrifuging
method can separate the different substances from each other.












ii. Method #2
1. Name of method: Reverse Osmosis

2. Description of method: Reverse Osmosis is a common method used
to separate the solvent and solute. It basically uses semi permeable
membrane sheet that works as a filter. Most particles gets caught by
the membrane because of the large size. Leaving the particles with
smaller sizes to travel through.


3. How the method would help Mr McKinleys mixture.
Because water is small enough to pass through the membrane sheet, the
reverse osmosis method can be used to separate water from the mud, salt
and iron.




5. Out of the three methods you mention for Q4, which method do you think would help Mr
McKinley the most? Explain your answer.
Centrifuging method would help Mr McKinley separate the mixture most. Because only the
centrifuging method can fully separate the different components. Whereas the reverse osmosis
method or the distillation method can only separate the water from the rest.








6. Bibliography
http://dictionary.reference.com/
http://chemistry.about.com/cs/5/f/bldistillation.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation
http://www.ehow.com/list_6111781_practical-uses-distillation.html
http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/oil-refining4.htm
http://www.alcoholandyou.org.uk/facts/howisitmade.html