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El ectri cal Thumb Rul es You MUST Fol l ow // PART 2 (on photo: Osprey Lunch Among The El ectri cal Wi res! by Kathl een
Jackson vi a Fl i ckr)
jiguparmar
Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 2)
Continued f rom f irst part: Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 1)
Usef ul Electrical Equations
For Sinusoidal Current: Form Factor = RMS Value/Average Value = 1.11
For Sinusoidal Current: Peak Factor = Max Value/RMS Value = 1.414
Average Value of Sinusoidal Current (I
av
) = 0.637 x Im (Im = Max.Value)
RMS Value of Sinusoidal Current (I
rms
) = 0.707 x Im (Im = Max.Value)
A.C Current = D.C Current/0.636.
Phase Difference between Phase = 360/ No of Phase (1 Phase=230/1=360, 2
Phase=360/2=180)
Short Circuit Level of Cable in KA (I
sc
) =
(0.094 x Cable Dia in Sq.mm) / Short Circuit Time (Sec)
Max.Cross Section Area of Earthing Strip (mm2) = (Fault Current x Fault Current x Operating
Time of Disconnected Device ) / K
K = Material Factor, K f or Cu = 159, K f or Al = 105, K f or steel = 58 , K f or GI = 80
Most Economical Voltage at given Distance = 5.5 x ((km/1.6) + (kw/100))
Cable Voltage Drop (%) =
(1.732 x current x (Rcos+jsin) x 1.732 x Length (km) x 100) / (Volt(L-L) x Cable Run.
Spacing of Conductor in Transmission Line (mm) = 500 + 18 x (P P Volt) + (2 x (Span in
Length)/50).
Protection radius of Lighnting Arrestor = h x (2D-h) + (2D+L).
Where h= height of L.A, D-distance of equipment (20, 40, 60 Meter), L=V x t (V=1m/ms, t=Discharge
Time).
Size of Lightning Arrestor = 1.5x Phase to Earth Voltage or 1.5 x (System Voltage/1.732).
Maximum Voltage of the System = 1.1xRated Voltage (Ex. 66KV = 1.1 66 = 72.6KV)
Load Factor = Average Power/Peak Power
If Load Factor is 1 or 100% = This is best situation f or System and Consumer both.
If Load Factor is Low (0 or 25%) = you are paying maximum amount of KWH consumption. Load
Factor may be increased by switching or use of your Electrical Application.
Demand Factor = Maximum Demand / Total Connected Load (Demand Factor <1)
Demand f actor should be applied f or Group Load
Diversity Factor =
Sum of Maximum Power Demand / Maximum Demand (Demand Factor >1)
Diversity f actor should be consider f or individual Load
Plant Factor (Plant Capacity) = Average Load / Capacity of Plant
Fusing Factor = Minimum Fusing Current / Current Rating (Fusing Factor>1).
Voltage Variation (1 to 1.5%) = ((Average Voltage Min Voltage) x 100)/Average Voltage
Ex: 462V, 463V, 455V, Voltage Variation= ((460 455) x 100)/455 = 1.1%.
Current Variation (10%) = ((Average Current Min Current) x 100)/Average Current
Ex: 30A,35A,30A, Current Variation = ((35-31.7) x 100)/31.7 = 10.4%
Fault Level at TC Secondary
= TC (VA) x 100 / Transf ormer Secondary (V) x Impedance (%)
Motor Full Load Current = Kw /1.732 x KV x P.F x Ef f iciency
jiguparmar - Jignesh Parmar has completed his B.E(Electrical) f rom Gujarat University. He is
member of Institution of Engineers (MIE),India. Membership No:M-1473586.He has more
than 12 years experience in Transmission -Distribution-Electrical Energy thef t detection-
Electrical Maintenance-Electrical Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical Review-
coordination -Execution). He is Presently associate with one of the leading business group
as a Assistant Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He has published numbers of Technical Articles
in "Electrical Mirror", "Electrical India", "Lighting India", "Industrial Electrix"(Australian Power Publications)
Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design usef ul Excel base Electrical
Programs as per IS, NEC, IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati,
French languages. He wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to f ind
suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics.