Energy and Power Overview - LNG

energyandpower.co.
uk
LNG CAPABILITY & EXPERIENCE
energyandpower.co.uk energyandpower.co.uk
The Company
Energy and Power is a Professional Engineering
Consultancy, formed in 2000. We offer our clients added
value to their operations through a responsive, flexible and
impartial service tailored to their specific requirements.

INTRODUCTION
Our Capability
We have an annual capacity of over 100,000 man-hours
and operate on a worldwide basis with projects supported
in UK, Europe, Africa, Former Soviet Union, Middle East, S
E Asia & Australasia and the Americas.

Clients include majors and multi-nationals such as E.ON,
BG Group, Shell, BHP Billiton, Dragon LNG, Grain LNG,
OMV and major banks (as technical advisors) and many
smaller independent international companies who rely on
our know-how to define and manage their capital projects.

Recent successes provide an indication of our breadth of
project experience, they include :

Conceptual and detailed design for the Dragon LNG &
Isle of Grain import terminal, UK
Due diligence of the Hegh LNG FPSO and Flex LNG
floating liquefaction units
Owners Engineer for E.ON Ruhrgas for Swedish and
Croatian import terminals
Feasibility & technology assement studies for floating
storage and regas units (FSRUs) for Shell, EVTL
(Pakistan), OMV, DSME, Vitol and Amstelco
(Indonesia).

The Company has UK offices in London and Baglan Energy
Park, South Wales. The Baglan office is ideally placed to
support the LNG terminals located in Milford Haven.
Our Service
Energy and Power provides engineering services to support
project development from feasibility studies through
conceptual design and FEED to project sanction and into
execution. We offer the experience and capability to
provide design, engineering, project management,
contracting support, site support engineering and
commissioning support services.

We undertake project definition studies, at screening,
feasibility and concept stage. Post sanction, larger projects
(>$50M) are then taken forward with Energy and Power
acting as Project Managers or Owners Engineer. Smaller
projects can be executed entirely by Energy and Power
teams.
Energy and Power has the capability to provide services
across a range of sectors from upstream to downstream,
including:
Upstream
Offshore
Onshore
Early Production Facilities
Liquefied Natural Gas
Liquefaction (onshore and floating)
Regasification (onshore and floating)
Marine & Jetties
Gas Storage
Pipelines.

CAPABILITY ACROSS ENERGY SECTORS
CONSULTING
CONCEPTUALISATION
AND STUDIES

PROJECTS AND PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
Due Diligence

Owners Engineer

Independent Engineer &
Expert Witness

Business Counsel

Corporate Structure

Capital Investment
Management

Peer Review

Risk Management

Environmental
Assessments

Operations and
Performance
Assessments

Quality and Safety Systems
Feasibility Studies &
Option Screening

Conceptual Design

Process Studies and
Support

Modelling
Financial
Process
Pipeline
Power
Performance

Cost Estimating
(CAPEX & OPEX)
Project Management

Front End Engineering
Design

Detailed Design

Procurement

Construction Supervision
& Management

Programme Management

Commissioning

Cost Control

Brownfield Modifications

Site Support Engineering
Energy and Power deliver our services through three business streams: Consulting, Conceptual Engineering and Projects, aligned to
clients requirements from concept to commissioning in the project lifecycle, with multi-discipline Professional Engineering Consultants
working in a matrix organisation, aligning staff skills to client needs. This enables us to provide flexible services.
Project Development Guidelines
Energy and Power operate to the Project Guideline
system to provide project structure but allowing flexibility
of approach. The key being that it ensures consistency of
approach and focuses on key project drivers, regardless
of the nature, technology and scale of a project.

The gate process and submissions required for
consideration and approval at each gate assist in
ensuring that the project will meet the financial targets in
terms of CAPEX and OPEX and the requirements for
safety and the environment as set down in the project
brief.

Programme Management
The team will develop a project schedule, addressing all
aspects of the development, allowing independent
qualitative and quantitative assessment of project
delivery timelines.

MANAGMENT SYSTEMS
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
CONSULTING
Based on project and business experience gained in all sectors and across the globe, we have honed our own, fully-accredited
management systems. We now make those services available to clients either within an engineering project team or as an independent
business counsel service.
Project Review and Planning
For any project review our activities are driven around
the project premise, with reviews driven by Energy and
Power Project Guidelines, using standard tools and
methodologies, it means that all projects are reviewed
against the same benchmark. Such planning is
fundamental to a realistic business case that considers all
costs, functional requirements and eventual
decommissioning and reinstatement.

Project Risk Management
Risk assessment technical, commercial and contractual
will be carried out by the Energy and Power team based
upon the information and guidance being provided by the
client. The clear identification of risk will be a most
important aspect in the management and control of the
project, and Energy and Power will provide clear,
unambiguous reporting on all areas of cost and risk via
continually updated Risk Registers for each of the distinct
areas identified.
Due Diligence and Mergers & Acquisitions
Our Due Diligence teams provide the guidance for the
key questions of:
How much?
How long?
What risks exist?
What mitigation measures exist?

Augmenting our core engineering design services, we
have a burgeoning experience of due diligence studies,
working on behalf of prospective purchasers of
infrastructure, assets and prospects, and as an
independent Technical Authority providing third-party
project audit, design verification and project reviews.

Our independent position, separated from the drivers of
an Engineering Contractor or EPC Contractor enable us to
provide impartial advice to lenders, institutions or buyers.
CONSULTING
Engineering Verification
Energy and Power has a wealth of experience in facility
and process design in the oil and gas industry including
LNG facilities. Our team members possess extensive
relevant technical and management experience within this
sector. In particular our staff development systems
develop team members experience in managing facilities
through the complete project lifecycle.

An engineering verification team will focus on key aspects
that deliver the project objectives. Where existing facilities
are in the operation phase we are able to provide guidance
on all technical and commercial aspects of project
development planning including potential brownfield capital
investments.

Client Management Systems
Our Business Consultants will review clients management
systems for Projects and Investment decision making and
where necessary improve and develop new Management
Systems aligned to the business.

Business Structure and Strategy
Assistance and counsel on the implementation of robust
protocols and procedures when moving into production
and related industry areas.

Health, Safety and Environment
There is no second-best solution to safety the health of
all upon whom a development impinges is of paramount
importance; and the environment is fleetingly in our
custody, to be handed on intact or enhanced. As
independent consultants we undertake major HAZID and
HAZOP studies and chair workshops, with subsequent
monitoring and resolution of issues raised, develop safety
cases, carry out QRA studies and prepare the safety and
record documentation.

We are also able to support EIA studies by preparing
scopes of work, reviewing proposals and overseeing the
selected consultant.
Value Improvement
The increase in value or functionality within a cost-
controlled environment is a far more useful business tool
than simply paring or lopping elements to meet a project
budget.

Facilities and Process Design
Whether for improvements on existing or development of
new facilities, thorough scheme development is crucial to
all aspects of business and value planning.

Reliability, Availability and Maintainability
Accurate assessment of these factors is a key component
in production, operational and life cycle costing.
The screening, feasibility and concept stages are vital to a
successful capital investment in any development. The
level and detail of work we undertake is in accordance
with the structure of the Project Guideline system,
ensuring consistency of approach and focussing on key
project drivers whilst providing clear guidance to higher
management.

Often a local presence will be vital in assisting in
developing a good understanding of the constraints and be
beneficial in facilitating face-to-face discussions with
relevant authorities.

The teams will be experienced in the negotiation of
consents, approvals and adoption agreements as well as in
the technical aspects of design within their disciplines.

Energy and Power quickly define projects, providing technical definition, accurate benchmarked costs and schedule, removing
commercial and technical risks.
CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING
Screening and Feasibility Studies
Screening and Feasibility Studies provide Capital
Investment advice, based upon limited data, about the
worth of investing resources in a project development.

For some developments, no obvious analogy exists, and
novel areas need specific technical and/or cost studies
undertaken to reduce the uncertainty.

After gathering more information, possible development
concepts or options can be postulated and compared.
Option Selection and Concept Design
During optimisation studies any and all features of the
Base Case can be reviewed increasing technical definition
and reducing risk. Options are usually developed to a level
of a costed equipment list with factored bulks to give a
development estimate. At this stage, budget prices should
be obtained for critical items.

The selected option from the option selection report stage
can be refined and honed in concept design to provide
improved accuracy and technical definition for a planned
development and along with economic analysis and risk
reviews to provide the basis for the commencement of a
FEED study.

Conceptual Engineering & Study Management
The Energy and Power Conceptual Engineering team is made up of process, and other facilities discipline
engineering consultants with project management input. The team can be located in client offices, if required.

Energy and Power will always ensure that our studies are oriented at the clients particular needs, scopes and
methods, which rarely remain the same between developments, even for the same client.
CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
Engineering is at the very heart of our business, and our
principal resource is our Chartered Engineering staff. Our
approach is intellectually rigorous and enquiring so that we
develop optimum and elegant solutions, not a minimally
compliant response.

To reach that efficient optimum, we integrate engineering
design from the outset, continually refining that design during
each project stage. Thus, at each decision gateway, the
engineering definition contributes to the informed executive
sanction to proceed.

Process engineering is normally the foundation of many of our
projects, and we provide expertise in each of the many sub-
specialities, such as oil, gas, LNG and petro-chemicals.

Supplementing that often central skill, are electrical,
mechanical, controls, instrumentation, structural, health safety
and environmental and civil and marine engineers. Again,
each discipline has specialists in particular aspects such as
rotating machinery, heat transfer, safety, reliability, power
generation, commissioning and the like.

Naval architecture is provided as either an engineering or
consultancy service and is a discipline central to many
offshore and LNG developments So, from scope definition,
through feasibility, detail design and implementation to
commissioning and operation, unique and unrivalled design
experience is available to bring projects to a fully engineered
conclusion.
DISCIPLINES APPLICATIONS DELIVERABLES
Energy and Power will take forward
the conclusions from Concept studies
into FEED stage Engineering.
Production of PFDs and General and
Detailed specifications will be
generated by a range of engineers
chosen from Energy and Powers
team of Process, Mechanical,
Electrical, Marine, Structural and
Control & Instrument engineers.

Energy and Power will identify and
apply the appropriate standards and
compliance requirements from
industry standards including NFPA,
EN, ISO, API, ASME,GOST, or Marine
Codes from DNV, Lloyds, BV or ABS.

Energy and Power will understand
and define the Owners requirements
and reflect these in the project
specifications. This will ensure that
the operational, maintenance and
safety aspects of engineering meet
project expectations.
Energy and Power have over 10 years of
experience in Engineering multidiscipline projects.
For LNG projects this will typically include:
Gas gathering
Gas treatment facilities
Condensate separation & stabilisation
LPG extraction and fractionation
LNG liquefaction facilities
Storage and export systems
Import terminals
Export gas pipelines

These projects apply to both traditional onshore
facilities and emerging offshore facilities for both
green or brown field sites.

Engineering applications also include performance
investigation and upgrade engineering of existing
or out dated equipment to meet current
operational demands (availability, productivity and
reliability) and safety standards.

Energy and Power offer lifetime support to all
aspects of installed assets to ensure that the
Owners assets performance remains efficient and
competitive.
Energy and Power will provide Drawings and
Specifications together with supporting data
in electronic or hard copy format in
accordance with project requirements.

We are proud to have developed in-house
software such as our Cost-Weight-Space
[CWS] model, which is a cost estimating
package, and Procuro, our procurement
package. We use the hydraulic design
package OLGA, the pipe system design
software Pipesim and the process modelling
tool HYSYS, while other specialist software is
purchased on a project basis under license.
Other software packages held by Energy and
Power include: Aspentech One, AutoCAD,
CADWorx, and SolidWorks.

Energy and Power will provide a complete
service as Owners Engineer for
procurement vendor and evaluation, project
programming and construction supervision
(CDM and HSE). Additional HAZOP and
Training Plans are provided in accordance
with onshore or offshore regulations and
Owner requirements.
FEED & Detailed Design
Energy and Power Engineering teams will prepare the Engineering specifications, scopes
of work, definition drawings and documents, using our Engineering systems, design
packages, certified to ISO 9001.
Procurement
Energy and Power will place Purchase Orders and prepare
Contract packages for the tenders to be released and the
on-going management of the contracts.

Construction Completion and
Commissioning
At Mechanical Completion, Energy and Power will provide
Quality Assurance services and commission the plant with
Operations teams . Energy and Power have a strong track
record in the management of commissioning and
completions activities, for multiple EPC contractors on
numerous projects, leading to an efficient handover and
meeting the scheduled start-up for facilities by the
relevant Operators.

Operations Management
We have the personnel and expertise to help you identify
and deliver operational efficiencies and cost reductions.
Energy and Power cares profoundly about health, safety
and the environment and our primary goal is to ensure
that we, our clients and suppliers operate in a safe and
environmentally considerate manner.

Project Management
Energy and Power is well versed in managing and
structuring large scale projects in the energy and related
sectors. Our experienced consultants use our proven
Management systems to undertake independent cost,
schedule, and technical analysis of planned projects.
During Execution, Energy and Power teams can provide all
Project Management and engineering services.

Project Review and Planning
Our experienced consultants use our proven Management
systems to undertake independent cost, schedule, and
technical analysis of planned projects.

For any project review our activities are driven around the
project premise, with reviews driven by Energy and Power
Project Guidelines, using standard tools and
methodologies, it means that all projects are reviewed
against the same benchmark.

Cost Review and Economics
It is standard practice for Energy and Power to produce
independent Estimates for every project under review. The
estimates will cover capital equipment costs (CAPEX) and
operating costs (OPEX).

All estimates are generated using the Energy and Power
Standard Estimating Practices. Given the unique nature of
our business Energy and Power have an extensive
database of project costs estimates and turn out costs
including current construction rates.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
HSE During Operations
Health, Safety and Environmental Management is
fundamental to an organization, allowing it consistently to
identify and control its HSE risks, reduce the potential for
accidents, help achieve compliance with HSE legislation
and continually improve its performance. We are able to
fulfill all your HSE Management requirements in a
practical, pragmatic and cost effective manner with Energy
and Power capabilities ranging from COSHH to HSE
Management audits.

Operating Manuals & Procedures
We are responsible during the normal course of project
development and implementation for producing operating
procedures and manuals to be utilised during
commissioning, start-up and later normal operation. We
are thus well placed to support you in your efforts to keep
these manuals and procedures evergreen and to develop
new ones should there be significant changes to your
operations such as process changes, staffing re-
organisation and process control improvements.

Operator Training
The skill and knowledge base of your workforce is crucial
to the success of your operations. The continuous training
and expansion of the skill base can be supported by our
experienced and innovative engineers developing training
programs to suit your and your workforces needs.
Energy and Power Owners Engineer Team (OET) will assist
the client in managing and controlling the technical,
commercial, planning and interfaces for the project. We
have previous experience in undertaking the following
scope:
Project Controls and Services
Budget assurance
Schedule assurance
Commercial Agreements
Legislation Compliance and Authorities Interfaces
Health Safety and Environment Management;
Quality Management
Procurement of Equipment and Materials
Verification and Quality Assurance of project
engineering Deliverables and Seller Documentation
Commissioning management of Facilities and Pre-
Operational Testing
Handover to Operations Verification and Sign-off.
An Owners Engineer Team will provide:
Technical Assurance
Asset Integrity
Value Assurance
Cost and Programme Protection through
implementation of project controls.

The aim of the Owners Engineer is to assure stakeholders
that project implementation is managed in accordance with
the stakeholder objectives, for example:
Appropriate for the full life of the operation, including
meeting asset integrity requirements
In line with commercial requirements
Will meet clients international business principles, e.g.
in relation to safety, health, environment and society,
(during construction and operation)
Maximise value.

Stakeholders include, for example, Client Organisation, its
shareholders, co-venturers, governmental bodies,
development / project / operations staff.
The advantage of utilising an Owners Engineer is early identification and management of risks and opportunities; it encourages
involvement of all relevant stakeholders and experts from relevant functions and enables collaborative support and a challenge
approach to the work to be carried out.
OWNERS ENGINEER
PIPELINE SERVICES
Assess, evaluate and co-ordinate the technical, commercial and project management issues so that new pipeline infrastructure is
created cost effectively on time.
The creation of new pipelines is a complex affair
involving many different parties with interests ranging
from land ownership, public safety, environmental
impact, project execution, technical integrity and
commercial viability. Energy and Power has the capability
and experience to undertake these issues.

Pipeline Conceptualisation
As with all projects, true value is created during the
initial feasibility study phases. Energy and Power can
help create this value in the early stages of pipeline
projects where we direct our initial effort on determining
the market need, pipeline design, specification of pipe
and components, route selection, environmental
assessments, permits and consents and where necessary
public consultation and land acquisition.

Through this, and in combination with our pipeline
experience covering onshore and offshore pipeline
systems conveying natural gas, LPG, NGL, crude oil and
oil products, we are able to offer a comprehensive
service to evaluate their pipeline needs and
requirements.

Our engineers and managers direct their efforts to meet
the needs of producers and shippers in moving their
product to the marketplace with due regard to flow
assurance, stress analysis, capacity and corrosion
protection and to create cost effective designs which
minimise the impact of construction projects on the
environment and for onshore pipelines, the impact on
communities and landowners.

Pipeline Project Management
As a pipeline project transitions through the phases of
design, procurement, construction, testing and
commissioning, Energy and Power can support clients
through the provision technical and project management
expertise in all these areas.

Prior to construction Energy and Power initiate
negotiations, environmental permitting and all other pre-
construction activities. We can also undertake the
procurement of long lead pipeline materials and
equipment, the award of major pipeline construction and
installation contracts and the overall project
management of the pipeline project through to
completion.

MANAGMENT SYSTEMS
LNG SECTOR EXPERIENCE OVER 50 PROJECTS TO DATE
Our LNG Capability can be divided into
two categories:

Development Type:
Onshore Liquefaction;
Offshore Liquefaction, LNG-FPSO;
Onshore Import Terminals;
Offshore Import Terminals (FSRU).

Services Provided:
Due Diligence;
Owners Engineer;
Feasibility Studies;
New Technology Evaluation;
Option Screening;
Conceptual Design;
FEEDs for Small Projects
Engineering Support;
Site Support;
Leading Workshops.
Lifecycle Costs
Viable life cycle economics require correct early choices based on knowledge of technology and accurate capital and
operational expenditure estimating. Energy and Powers teams provide strength in all areas required for robust project
planning of costs and timescales.

We have produced comparative economic models of all-electric LNG plants against more traditional gas turbine driven
compressors. Such studies also quantified the reduction in carbon emissions, particularly if the electrical power is
generated using combined cycle.

Emerging Technologies
From small scale boil-off gas recovery, to floating LNG, to world-scale onshore plants, we have undertaken process studies
using existing and innovative new liquefaction and gasification technologies. We now deliver that expertise to guide
clients projects to the most appropriate LNG solution.

Experience and Innovation
With our offshore and onshore experience of plants from
200 TPD to 6 MTPA, plus intellectual property development
in a patented LNG process, Energy and Power is uniquely
qualified to deliver your LNG project.

We have consultants from both design and operational
backgrounds whose research, design and advice
concerning the numerous LNG technologies available is
informed, accurate and commercially aware.
LNG EXPERIENCE
MANAGMENT SYSTEMS
LNG SECTOR EXPERIENCE - KEY PERSONNEL
Our LNG Team of professional engineers offers:
Experience gained from over 30 import terminals worldwide;
Experience gained from over 15 liquefaction projects worldwide;
19 FLNG projects LNG-FPSO & FSRU.
BRIAN SONGHURST:DIRECTOR OF LNG

Brian has over 40 years experience in the oil & gas industry
working in both upstream and downstream sectors for offshore
& onshore projects. He has worked for operating companies and
major contractors in senior positions for engineering, project
management and sales. Most recently Brian has focused on LNG
liquefaction and import terminal projects. He is also Chairman of
Institution of Chemical Engineers Oil & Natural Gas Group
(SONG) and organizer of the monthly oil & gas technical
meetings in London.

RICHARD RIDDELL:DOWNSTREAM CONCEPTUAL SERVICES MANAGER

Richard is a senior process consultant with over 35 years
experience in downstream chemical industries. He has worked for
contractors, operating companies and operating company in-house
contracting organisations. He has worked in the polymers,
vegetable oil extracting and refining and general chemicals areas.
Since joining Energy and Power he has worked on gas processing
plants, LNG regasification construction and commissioning and LNG
small project implementation. A significant part of his career has
been spent on site checking-out and commissioning or assisting in
production troubleshooting and efficiency gains.
PAUL EMMITT:DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS MANAGER

Paul is a Chartered Engineer who had 8 years experience in
process plant operations prior to joining Energy and Power. He
led strategic reviews of plant performance to identify and
implement new, and to improve existing processes, leading to a
sustainable increases in plant MEI and product RFT. Whilst at
Energy and Power he has worked on the construction and
commissioning of a LNG regasification plant and been deeply
involved in the development of a proprietary small scale LNG
liquefaction process.

HUW WILLIAMS:NAVAL ARCHITECT & PROJECT ENGINEER

Huw is a chartered engineer with 15 years experience of multi-
discipline marine and offshore engineering projects. At Energy and
Power, Huw has led a number of FSRU feasibility studies, together
with technical due diligence and field development studies on a
number of FLNG concepts. Huw joined Energy and Power from
ExxonMobil where he was involved in the development of the Q-
Flex and Q-Max LNG carriers. In addition to LNG projects, Huw has
experience in the design and construction of oil FPSOs and other
major conversion projects.

DRAGON LNG TERMINAL - SITE SUPPORT ENGINEERING

UK
Conceptual Design, Owners Engineer, Technical Support, and Engineering Management.

Energy and Power have been involved with the Dragon LNG project at Milford Haven for a number of years. Our engineers have provided a
range of technical and management support to the terminal owners. This support has included conceptual design scopes and the provision of
Owners Team support and direct support at site where we assigned a multi-discipline team of engineers to support the project through the
critical phases to completion and operation.

Dragon LNG is a joint venture company of BG-Group and Petronas, developing a 6 MTPA LNG terminal at Milford Haven in Wales. Energy and
Power were requested by Dragon LNG to provide project engineering support to assist in the close out of the engineering work. Energy and
Power were awarded a study to assess different vaporiser options to demonstrate that submerged combustion vaporisers are the preferred
option.

Energy and Power has undertaken five separate scopes of work. The first covered a study of the different types of LNG vaporisers to support
the EIA which was based on the use of submerged combustion vaporisers. The concern was limiting nitrate discharge into Milford Haven
Harbour. The second covered owners engineer representation in the EPC contractors office. The third covers the award of the site engineering
contract with the assignment of a multi-discipline engineering team to site with specialist support from Energy and Powers offices in London
and South Wales (Baglan) offices. The fourth covers the provision of a project engineer working at the EPC contractors office to expedite the
closure of the outstanding engineering design issues.

Additionally we identified and assessed all the possible vaporiser option for the terminal e.g. open rack, submerged combustion, air, forced air,
intermediate fluid, cold power etc. The report described each option with a flowscheme and process description and the environmental impact.
The report then compared the options to demonstrate the selected option.

PROJECT EXPERIENCE
HEGH LNG - LNG FPSO

West Africa
Pre-FEED and Technical Support. Due Diligence

Hegh LNG contracted Energy and Power to undertake a due diligence of the pre-FEED design of their proposed LNG FPSO in West
Africa. The design review covered all aspects of the hull, storage, utilities, offloading and topsides (gas treatment & liquefaction) but
with particular on the topsides and integration with the hull. Review included compliance check with design basis, major codes and best
practices.

Energy and Power was requested to undertake a multi-discipline design review of the proposed concept defined as a series of
conceptual design packages. The review focused on the topsides plant but also cover the naval architectural aspects at a summary
level.

The review covered the proposed design basis, the process design of the complete system from turret through slug catcher, gas pre-
treatment, liquefaction and LPG recovery and condensate stabilisation and all utility systems. The electrical design review covered the
major power generation system for the all electric drives. Layout reviews covered safety distances, access for maintenance and escape
routes. Structural reviews addressed the proposed module support arrangements given the ship motions for operation and survival
conditions. The naval architectural review covered the ships hull and associated storage and marine support systems.
The deliverables comprised a list of items that required resolution before moving forward to the next stage of the project. The results
were presented to the project team as a workshop and in a final bound report.
PROJECT EXPERIENCE

AMSTELCO EAST JAVA COMPANY

Indonesia
Feasibility Study

Energy and Power undertook a feasibility study to define and cost the facilities necessary to import, vaporise and transport gas onshore
to the gas grid tie-in point in Surabaya. The study included the LNG shipping logistics and evaluated the feasibility of an FSRU facility
located either offshore with subsea gas export or inshore with gas over the jetty using hard arms.

Indonesia is moving from a net gas exporter of gas to a net importer and the West Java FSRU project has just been awarded. Gas is
now needed for East Java to meet the increasing demand for energy in that region.

The study investigated the different import options with the main emphasis on a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) either
located offshore or inshore using a jetty. For the offshore case the gas would be exported via a turret and subsea pipeline. For the
inshore jetty case the gas would be exported via a hard arm over the jetty. The study included hull selection and sizing as well as the
onshore gas pipeline to the tie-in point. The scope also included the LNG shipping logistics from several liquefaction plant locations.

The study included the preparation of CAPEX and OPEX estimates and an overall project schedule. From this data a tolling charge was
calculated.

PROJECT EXPERIENCE
FSRU MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

Worldwide
Feasibility Study

Energy and Power were requested by Shell Global Solutions to list and assess the current providers of FSRU facilities. The assessment
covered both technical and commercial considerations.

The scope covered discussions with all the major FSRU service providers i.e. Excelerate/Exmar, Golar LNG, Hegh LNG and Mitsui OSK
Lines to determine their offering. The report addressed the following:
Who are the main market players?
How many FSRUs are currently in operation?
What are their capacities and utilisations?
How many and which ones have taken final investment decision?
How many are in a definition phase?
What are the technological concepts applied?
What are the potential costs (CAPEX, OPEX, people on board, etc)?
What is the expected industry trend.
PROJECT EXPERIENCE
GASSI TOUIL GAS DEVELOPMENT & LNG PLANT

Algeria
Feasibility and Conceptual Engineering

Energy and Power completed a two-part feasibility and concept engineering Project to review and refine the design for the Gassi Touil gas
facility in Algeria and associated LNG terminal at the coast.The work involved evaluation of the gas field, development of processing options,
option selection and full CAPEX OPEX and execution plan development for the selected option.

The Gassi Touil fields reserves were estimated at 4.8Tcf (trillion cubic feet) wet gas-yielding 4.4Tcf dry gas, 76 million barrels of liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG), and 73 million barrels of condensate. The concept developed was for two production centres to maintain a plateau for
feed gas to the LNG plant for its economic life. Pipeline gas, stabilised condensate and mixed LPG will be exported into transmission lines local
to the facilities. The gas export rate will be equivalent to the LNG off-take from Arzew.

The LNG development at Arzew is a new LNG plant next to the existing Bethioua LNG plants, export will be via an export route to an existing
pier in the Bethioua port that will be modified for LNG loading. It will produce 4 million tonnes per annum of LNG (180 trillion BTU) and
approximately 190 barrels/day condensate, 1400 barrels/day butane and 7300 barrels/day propane.

This work addressed the technical feasibility addressed the overall project, the CAPEX summaries for each project, the overall execution plan
considerations together with a summary of the projects with a risk review and status check against the Energy and Power feasibility tollgate.

The work undertaken included development of screening estimates, development schedules Basis of Design, Site Visit at Gassi Touil and
Arzew, Cost Estimates, Technical Reviews, HSE studies and Risk Reviews. Full descriptions of the upstream and LNG processes were provided
and outline execution plans.
PROJECT EXPERIENCE

GNLQ TERMINAL CERTIFICATION OF DESIGN COMPLIANCE
Chile
Audit

Energy and Power were asked to check the design to ensure compliance with LNG international code NFPA 59A Standard for the Production
Storage and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 2006 Edition.

The GNL Quintero LNG import terminal was under construction at Quintero Bay, about 160 km NW of Santiago and was scheduled to enter
service in mid 2009, with completion of the facilities in 2010. The terminal was being built for the owners GNL Quintero SA by the EPC
contractor CB&I. GNLQ is a joint venture of ENAP, Endesa, Metrogas and BG-Group.

As part of the operational approvals process it was necessary for BG-Group to receive approval under the Chilean LNG Plant Safety Regulations
from the regulatory body, Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles (SEC). One of the requirements for this approval was that BG-
Group provided an independent certification of compliance of the terminal design with the requirements of the principal design code referred to
in the Safety Regulations, NFPA 59A. The purpose of this compliance review was to satisfy the requirement of an independent review.

The review was based on the issued for construction documents and structured using a series checking matrices listing the code requirements
and sorted by discipline and criticality with safety being first.

Some non-compliances were found and quickly resolved by design modification. Issue of our report enabled issued of the regulatory body
approvals.
PROJECT EXPERIENCE

DRAGON OIL CHEKELEN GAS MONETISATION OPTIONS

Turkmenistan
Independent Cost Review

Independent review of study report produced by Gas Strategies for Dragon Oil to evaluate the different options to monetise associated gas that is
currently flared.

An independent review was undertaken of the possible options to monetise the gas. These included synthetic crude, LNG, CNG, Methanol,
Ammonia/Urea and power generation.

Energy and Power undertook an independent review of the possible options and developed capital (CAPEX) and operating costs (OPEX) for each
option to enable a review of the economics. Costs were used from Energy and Powers cost data base, supplemented by additional information
from technology providers where required. The principal gas monetisation options considered were:
Synthetic crude for export by existing crude oil pipeline;
LNG;
Marine CNG;
Methanol;
Ammonia/Urea;
Power Generation.

PROJECT EXPERIENCE
CENTRICA ENERGY - LNG LIQUEFACTION PLANT

Tobago
Cost Benchmarking

Bench marking of previous LNG liquefaction plant costs to assist Centrica in validating the costs developed by their project team.

An independent review was undertaken of the costs of liquefaction plants and broken down into the principal costs drivers. This included a
focus on the main cost drivers including location and escalation as well as the unit operations.

An independent review was undertaken of the costs of liquefaction plants and broken down into the principal costs drivers of:
Gas reception;
Gas treatment;
Liquefaction plant;
Storage tanks;
Export jetty;
Utilities.

Based on these cost data metrics were developed to assist Centrica Energy in validating their own in-house cost estimate based on their
conceptual design.

OPEX data was also provided where available.
PROJECT EXPERIENCE
OMV FSRU STUDY AND COMPARISON WITH ONSHORE TERMINALS

Worldwide
Feasibility Study

Preparation of a study report that listed current and planned FSRU developments, and described the technologies, costs and schedules.

The study report was prepared to assist OMV in understanding the FSRU market and solution providers, the technology used and the costs
(CAPEX and OPEX) and schedule. This information would enable OMV to capture the value that can be obtained by using a floating storage and
regasification facility as opposed to traditional onshore terminals. The report included a section on the advantages and disadvantages of FSRUs
and compared $/MMBTU costs with onshore terminals.

The report was prepared from a combination of in-house data and discussion with solution providers. The report considered the following
aspects:
Typical business model;
Emerging technologies;
Regional trends;
Success criteria of LNG FSRUs;
Economics of FSRUs vs. onshore terminals;
General market survey on existing and proposed FSRUs;
Technical specifications of existing and proposed FSRUs.
PROJECT EXPERIENCE
PROJECT EXPERIENCE

ENGRO VOPAK - PORT QASIM LNG IMPORT TERMINAL

Karachi, Pakistan
Feasibility Study

Preparation of a feasibility study to describe and cost various options for the importing of LNG into Port Qasim.

Pakistan needs to quickly supplement its indigenous gas production to offset the decline and meet the expanding needs for electrical power.
The study addressed 5 possible locations and 4 possible concepts. The study will enable EVTL to assess the various options and make a
recommendation on the best way to proceed.

The study was prepared from a combination on in-house data and data from solution providers. The study considered one inshore brownfield,
three inshore greenfield and one offshore location and included the export pipeline to the grid tie-in point. The following primary concepts
were considered:
Jetty moored FSRU;
Jetty moored FSU with barge mounted regasification;
Jetty moored FSU with onshore regasification;
Offshore moored FSRU (STL buoy/turret moored).

For each case the concept was described, CAPEX and OPEX estimates prepared, together with schedules, allowing a recommendation to be
made. A financial model was prepared based on the selected option.Sub-options included rigid arms vs. flexible hoses for LNG transfer,
conversion vs. newbuild, BOG management and vaporiser selection.
PROJECT EXPERIENCE

GAS STRATEGIES
ONSHORE & FLOATING LNG IMPORT TERMINALS

Caribbean Island
Feasibility Study

Preparation of a study report containing costs and schedule data for several options for the import of LNG. The GS study report was prepared
for a major power generation company.

This Caribbean island had an increasing need for electrical power and needed assistance in determining the import options and the economics.
Gas Strategies prepared the final report and Energy and Power provided input on the options and costs for the import options considered.

The options and cost report was prepared from a combination on in-house data and solution providers. The report considered the following
aspects:
Onshore terminal;
Offshore terminal (FSRU);
Hybrid with early import via FSRU followed by an onshore terminal.

The study included a description of the options and associated costs (CAPEX & OPEX) and schedule data.
PROJECT EXPERIENCE

BHP BILLITON
LNG-FPSO BARGE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN STUDY
Nw Shelf, Australia
Conceptual Design

Preparation of a conceptual design report for 3x1 MTPA liquefaction trains to be mounted on a production barge. This data to be used to
compare the concept with BHP Billitons in-house cLNG process.

The study was based on the Scarborough gas field. Due to the long distance offshore BHP Billiton wanted to assess the option of using
floating liquefaction. The studies were based on using the innovative Proteus LNG liquefaction process that does not require a refrigerant
stream (auto-refrigeration).

The report was prepared based on installing 3x1 MTPA liquefaction trains on the deck of a barge. The LNG would be stored in the hull. The
study included the following scope:
Process design & sized equipment list;
Utility systems design and in particular cooling system;
Technology risk assessment and mitigation measures.
Layout studies;
Costs and schedule;
Unit production costs.
PROJECT EXPERIENCE

FLOATING STORAGE & REGAS (FSRU) STUDY
INCLUDING SUBSEA AND ONSHORE GAS PIPELINE

Confidential
Feasibility Study

Preparation of a feasibility study for the import of LNG using a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU). Scope included the subsea gas
pipeline to the grid tie-in point. The study considered the feasibility of an offshore moored FSRU and subsea pipeline for the importation and
regasification of LNG and delivery to the gas distribution grid. The study considered the following aspects:
Concept definition and description;
Technology selection;
Site selection;
System availability based on metocean studies;
Subsea pipeline definition;
CAPEX, OPEX and schedule;
Financial modelling;
HAZID and risk review;
Project execution planning;
Operational planning;
Interface with the EIA consultant.

The study was performed in association with TriZen to define the concept for the importation of LNG using a floating storage and regasification
unit.

Wales Office
Baglan Bay Innovation Centre
Central Avenue
Baglan Energy Park
Port Talbot
SA12 7AX

T: +44 (0) 1639 816 200
F: +44 (0) 1639 506 910
London Office
22 Newman Street
Westminster
London
United Kingdom
W1T 1PH

T: +44 (0) 207 307 5100
F: +44 (0) 870 169 5811

Energy and Power Overview - LNG

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Energy and Power Overview - LNG

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

energyandpower.co.

You might also like