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PROJECT M2
PROCESS DEFINITION CROSS SECTIONAL
SURVEY VIA TOTAL STATION
000-0000000-07
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June 0! 201"
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1# APPROVAL S$EET
TITLE : PROCESS DEFINITION FOR CROSS
SECTION SURVEY VIA TOTAL
STATION
DOCUMENT NUM%ER : 000-0000000-07
CLASSIFICATION : RESTRICTED
SYNOPSIS : Documentation Configuration
PREPARED %Y :
J&'&( A)*&(
(Planning Engineer BNA)
REVIEWED + VERIFIED %Y :
A,- %-n N&(ee)
(Dir Comm ! Cor"# BNA)
APPROVED %Y :
D.# N&(ee) E/0&n
(CE$ BNA)
DATE : %une 0&# '0()
TIT*E:
PR$CESS DE+INITI$N +$R CR$SS SECTI$N S,R-E. -IA T$TA*
STATI$N
D$C,/ENT N$:
000-0000000-07
ECP0ER N$:
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2# DISTRI%UTION LIST
COPY NO DESI1NATION NAME COMPANY
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# AMENDMENT RECORD S$EET
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STATI$N
D$C,/ENT N$:
000-0000000-07
ECP0ER N$:
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Table of Contents
( APPR$-A* S3EET (
' DISTRIB,TI$N *IST '
& A/END/ENT REC$RD S3EET &
) INTR$D,CTI$N 4
) ,SE AND CARE $+ INSTR,/ENTS IN T3E +IE*D4
4 TESTIN1 $+ T3E INSTR,/ENT 5
5 AD%,ST/ENT $+ A D,/P. *E-E* 7
7 T3E SE*+-*E-E*IN1 *E-E* 6
7.1 LEAST-SQUARES..................................................................................................... 10
2 T$P$1RAP3ICA* S,R-E. (0
8.1 ESTABLISHING SURVEY CONTROL POINTS ...............................................................10
8.1.1 Cross-Section Surveys ................................................................................... 11
8.1.2 FIELD NOTES................................................................................................. 11
TIT*E:
PR$CESS DE+INITI$N +$R CR$SS SECTI$N S,R-E. -IA T$TA*
STATI$N
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ECP0ER N$:
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"# INTRODUCTION
T23&, 03&3-2n 0u.4e5-n6 - "efine" a7 t8e u7e of electronic 7ur9e: e;ui<ment u7e" to
<erform 8ori=ontal an" 9ertical mea7urement7 in reference to a gri" 7:7tem (eg
,T/# mine gri")
"# USE AND CARE OF INSTRUMENTS IN T$E FIELD
Careful attention to 7ugge7tion7 gi9en 8erein >ill 7a9e nee"le77 >ear on in7trument7
an" re"uce t8e "anger7 of acci"ent7 to a minimum# ?e7i"e7 increa7ing t8e ;ualit:
an" ;uantit: of t8e >or@
a E;ui<ment 78oul" ?e 7to>e" in t8e 7ur9e: 9e8icle in a manner t8at >ill eliminate
unnece77ar: >ear In7trument7 78oul" not ?e 7u?Aecte" to 7e9ere Aolt7 T8e 7elf-
le9elling le9el mu7t ?e tran7<orte" on a cu78ion of 78oc@ a?7or?ent material# ne9er
on t8e floor of t8e 9e8icle S8ar< Aolt7 can ea7il: affect t8e accurac: an" a"Au7tment
of t8i7 in7trument B8en t8e 7elf-le9elling le9el >or@ i7 com<lete" on an: gi9en
<roAect it >ill ?e turne" ?ac@ into t8e area Sur9e: Su<er9i7or T8e area Sur9e:
Su<er9i7or >ill a77ign t8e7e 8ig8 accurac: le9el7 >8ere nee"e"# t8e: are not to ?e
@e<t in t8e 7ur9e: 9e8icle7
? Tri<o": In7<ect t8e tri<o" leg7 an" 78oe7 T8e leg of t8e >i"e leg tri<o" i7 of
<ro<er tig8tne77 if# >8en lifte" to an ele9ate" <o7ition# it 7in@7 gra"uall: of it7 o>n
>eig8t
c In7trument0In7trument ca7e: 3an"le t8e in7trument gentl: in remo9ing it from
an" returning it to t8e ca7e It i7 ?e7t to <lace t8e 8an" ?eneat8 t8e tri?rac8 ?a7e in
8an"ling t8e "etac8e" in7trument Con7i"era?le <atience i7 7ometime7 re;uire" to
clo7e t8e li" after returning t8e in7trument If <ro<erl: <lace"# t8e li" clo7e7 freel:
Ne9er force t8e li"C loo@ for t8e o?7truction an" correct it
" /ounting *e9el: See t8at t8e in7trument i7 7ecurel: attac8e" to t8e tri<o"
,n"ue 8a7te ma: 7ometime7 re7ult in co7tl: acci"ent7 B8en 7cre>ing t8e
in7trument on tri<o" 8ea"# it 78oul" fir7t ?e turne" in a counter cloc@>i7e "irection
until a 7lig8t clic@ i7 8ear"# in"icating t8at t8e t8rea"7 are <ro<erl: engage"
e Sun78a"e: Al>a:7 attac8 t8e 7un78a"e regar"le77 of t8e @in" of >eat8er It i7
<art of t8e tele7co<e tu?e In attac8ing or remo9ing t8e 7un78a"e# 8ol" t8e tele7co<e
tu?e firml: >it8 one 8an" an" >it8 t8e ot8er 8an" t>i7t t8e 78a"e to t8e rig8t
f E:e<iece: Before ?eginning t8e o?7er9ation7# focu7 t8e e:e<iece <erfectl: on
t8e cro77 8air7 T8i7 i7 ?e7t "one ?: 7ig8ting t8e 7@:
g S<ecial care mu7t ?e eDerci7e" 7o a7 not to 7ig8t t8e 7un "irectl: Doing 7o
can "amage t8e Total Station T8i7 re<air i7 9er: eD<en7i9e
TIT*E:
PR$CESS DE+INITI$N +$R CR$SS SECTI$N S,R-E. -IA T$TA*
STATI$N
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8 Setting u< in fiel": B8en 7etting u< in t8e fiel"# ?ring t8e tri<o" leg7 to a firm
?earing >it8 t8e <late7 a<<roDimatel: le9el 1i9e t8e tri<o" leg7 a""itional 7<rea" in
>in": >eat8er or in <lace7 >8ere t8e in7trument ma: ?e 7u?Aecte" to 9i?ration or
ot8er "i7tur?ance7 $n 7i"e-8ill >or@# <lace one leg u<8ill Bit8 t8e le9el# <lace t>o
le9elling 7cre>7 in t8e general "irection of t8e line of le9el7 $n <a9ement in 7unn:
>eat8er# or un"er mo7t >inter con"ition7# u7e E78oe7E (flat >oo"en 7lat7) un"er eac8
leg to <re9ent 7ettlement
i ,7e in7trument co9er <ro9i"e" >8en con"ition7 >arrant If t8e in7trument
78oul" get >et# t8oroug8l: >i<e it "r: ?efore returning it to t8e ca7e Ta@e t8e
in7trument in"oor7 at nig8t for furt8er "r:ing if nece77ar:
A Pro<er care of in7trument: Culti9ate from t8e 9er: ?eginning t8e 8a?it of
"elicate mani<ulation of t8e in7trument Roug8 an" carele77 treatment of fiel"
in7trument7 i7 c8aracteri7tic of an un7@ille" o<erator
@ Plate le9elling 7cre>7: In le9elling t8e in7trument# t8e le9elling 7cre>7 78oul"
?e ?roug8t Au7t to a 7nug ?earing If 7cre>7 are too loo7e# t8e in7trument roc@7 an"
accurate >or@ cannot ?e "one If too tig8t# t8e in7trument i7 "amage" an" t8e
"elicac: an" accurac: of t8e o?7er9ation7 are re"uce" /uc8 nee"le77 >ear of
le9elling 7cre>7 ma: ?e a9oi"e" if t8e tri<o" 8ea" i7 ?roug8t a?out le9el >8en t8e
in7trument i7 7et u< ,<on com<letion of 7etu<# le9elling 7cre>7 mu7t ?e returne" to a
neutral <o7ition *e9elling 7cre>7 in a tri?rac8 mu7t not ?e o9er eDten"e"
l *en7e7: Do not remo9e or ru? t8e len7e7 of t8e tele7co<e If nece77ar: to
clean len7# "u7t fir7t >it8 a 7oft# clean camel7 8air ?ru78 an" u7e a 9er: 7oft clot8 >it8
caution to a9oi" 7cratc8ing or marring t8e <oli78e" an" coate" 7urface7
7# TESTIN1 OF T$E INSTRUMENT
T8e Total Station7 78oul" ?e te7te" fre;uentl: A"Au7ting one <art u7uall: affect7
ot8er <art7 B8en te7ting t8e Total Station follo># t8e in7truction7 in t8e manual
<ro9i"e" >it8 :our in7trument
In te7ting an in7trument# t8e7e <recaution7 78oul" ?e o?7er9e":
( Set u< in t8e 78a"e# ?ut in goo" lig8t
' Set u< on firm# "r: groun"
& See t8at t8e tri<o" leg7 are >ell 7<rea" an" firml: <lante" an" t8at t8e metal
ti<7 are 7ecure
) See t8at t8e tri<o" <late i7 nearl: le9el# tri<o" 7cre>7 >ell tig8tene"# an" t8e
in7trument firml: 7cre>e" on
4 Carefull: le9el t8e in7trument
TIT*E:
PR$CESS DE+INITI$N +$R CR$SS SECTI$N S,R-E. -IA T$TA*
STATI$N
D$C,/ENT N$:
000-0000000-07
ECP0ER N$:
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8# ADJUSTMENT OF A DUMPY LEVEL
A le9el in a"Au7tment e7ta?li78e7 a 8ori=ontal <lane of 7ig8t >8en t8e tele7co<e i7
re9ol9e" a?out a 9ertical aDi7 T8e <rinci<al line7 of t8e "um<: le9el# a7 illu7trate" in
+igure A-(# are (() aDi7 of 7ig8t# (') aDi7 of t8e le9el ?u??le# (&) aDi7 of t8e le9el ?ar#
an" ()) 9ertical aDi7 +or <erfect a"Au7tment it i7 nece77ar: t8at t8e aDi7 of 7ig8t# t8e
aDi7 of t8e le9el ?u??le# an" t8e aDi7 of t8e le9el ?ar ?e <arallel to eac8 ot8er# an"
<er<en"icular to t8e 9ertical aDi7 T8ere are t>o a"Au7ta?le <art7: t8e cro77 8air7 an"
t8e le9el 9ial T8e a"Au7tment7 78oul" ?e ma"e in t8e or"er gi9en
1#1 ADJUSTMENT OF LEVEL VIAL
&# Pu.920e - To ma@e t8e aDi7 of t8e le9el ?u??le <er<en"icular to t8e 9ertical
aDi7
:# Te03 - Set u< t8e le9el# center t8e ?u??le# an" re9ol9e t8e tele7co<e (20F
a?out t8e 9ertical aDi7 T8e "i7tance t8e ?u??le mo9e7 off t8e central <o7ition i7
"ou?le t8e error
;# C2..e;3-2n - Turn t8e ca<7tan nut7 at one en" of t8e le9el 9ial to mo9e t8e
?u??le 8alf>a: ?ac@ to t8e centere" <o7ition *e9el t8e in7trument u7ing t8e le9elling
7cre>7 Re<eat t8e te7t until t8e ?u??le remain7 centere" "uring a com<lete
re9olution of t8e tele7co<e
1#2 PRELIMINARY ADJUSTMENT OF $ORI<ONTAL CROSS $AIR
&# Pu.920e - To ma@e t8e 8ori=ontal cro77 8air trul: 8ori=ontal >8en t8e
in7trument i7 le9elle"
:# Te03 - Sig8t a 78ar<l: "efine" <oint >it8 one en" of t8e 8ori=ontal cro77
8air Turn t8e tele7co<e 7lo>l: on it7 9ertical aDi7 7o t8at t8e cro77 8air mo9e7 acro77
TIT*E:
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STATI$N
D$C,/ENT N$:
000-0000000-07
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t8e <oint If t8e cro77 8air "oe7 not remain on t8e <oint for it7 full lengt8# it i7 out
a"Au7tment
;# C2..e;3-2n - *oo7en t8e four ca<7tan 7cre>7 8ol"ing t8e reticle Rotate t8e
reticle in t8e tele7co<e tu?e until t8e 8ori=ontal 8air remain7 on t8e <oint a7 t8e
tele7co<e i7 turne" T8e 7cre>7 78oul" t8en ?e carefull: tig8tene" in t8eir final
<o7ition
1# LINE OF SI1$T ADJUSTMENT
&# Pu.920e - To ma@e t8e aDi7 of 7ig8t <er<en"icular to t8e 9ertical aDi7 an"
t8u7 <arallel to t8e aDi7 of t8e le9el ?u??le T8i7 a"Au7tment i7 al7o calle" t8e two-peg
method an" t8e direct adjustment
:# Te03 - *e9el t8e in7trument o9er a <oint C 8alf>a: ?et>een t>o 7ta@e7 A
an" B t8at are a?out '00 ft (50 m) a<art (7ee figure A-') Determine t8e "ifference in
ro" rea"ing7 a( an" b(on A an" B# re7<ecti9el: Since t8e "i7tance to t8e t>o <oint7
i7 e;ual# t8e true "ifference in ele9ation i7 o?taine" e9en t8oug8 t8e aDi7 of 7ig8t i7
not eDactl: 8ori=ontal
T8en 7et
t8e in7trument at D on line >it8 t8e 7ta@e7 an" clo7e to one of t8em G A in t8i7 ca7e G
an" le9el Bit8 t8e e:e<iece onl: a fe> inc8e7 from t8e ro"# a rea"ing a' on A i7
ta@en ?: 7ig8ting t8roug8 t8e o?Aecti9e len7 en" of t8e tele7co<e ,7uall: a <encil i7
centere" in t8e 7mall fiel" of 9ie> to ma@e t8e rea"ing A ro" rea"ing b' i7 al7o ta@en
on B
If t8e aDi7 of 7ig8t i7 <arallel to t8e aDi7 of t8e le9el ?u??le (t8at i7# 8ori=ontal)#
t8e ro" rea"ing b' 78oul" e;ual t8e ro" rea"ing at A <lu7 t8e "ifference in ele9ation
?et>een A an" B# or a' H (b( G a() T8e "ifference# if an:# ?et>een t8e com<ute"
an" actual rea"ing7 i7 t8e error to ?e correcte" ?: a"Au7tment
;# C2..e;3-2n - *oo7en t8e to< (or ?ottom) ca<7tan 7cre> 8ol"ing t8e reticle#
an" tig8ten t8e ?ottom (or to<) 7cre> to mo9e t8e 8ori=ontal 8air u< or "o>n an" gi9e
t8e re;uire" rea"ing on t8e ro" at B Se9eral trial7 ma: ?e nece77ar: to get an eDact
TIT*E:
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STATI$N
D$C,/ENT N$:
000-0000000-07
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7etting (Caution: $ne 7cre> 78oul" ?e loo7ene" ?efore t8e ot8er i7 tig8tene" on
ol"er in7trument7 to a9oi" ?rea@ing t8e cro77 8airI)
7# T$E SELF-LEVELIN1 LEVEL
Before it i7 a77ume" t8at a"Au7tment7 are nece77ar:# it i7 e77ential to ma@e
7ure t8at an: a<<arent nee" for a"Au7tment i7 actuall: "ue to t8e con"ition7 of t8e
in7trument an" i7 not cau7e" ?: "eficiencie7 in t8e te7t To te7t an in7trument
<ro<erl:# o?7er9e t8e follo>ing <recaution7:
( C8oo7e a firm 7u<<ort for t8e in7trument
' If t8e 7un i7 78ining# t8e >or@ mu7t ?e carrie" out in t8e 78a"e# ?ut in goo"
lig8t
& T8e in7trument mu7t 8a9e time to acclimate it7elf to t8e tem<erature T8i7
re;uire7 (0 to (4 minute7# "e<en"ing on 8o> great a tem<erature "ifference eDi7t7
?et>een t8e <lace of 7torage an" t8e out"oor tem<erature T8e o<eration of man:
automatic le9el7 i7 9er: erratic "uring <erio"7 >8en t8e tem<erature range7 from near
=ero to 7u?-=ero
) Be on t8e loo@ out for cree< >8en a"Au7ting t8e circular le9el Cree< i7
cau7e" ?: tri<o" 7ettlement# or ?: t8e tem<erature of t8e in7trument c8anging T8i7 i7
<articularl: a<t to 8a<<en if t8e in7trument 8a7 Au7t ?een ?roug8t out-of-"oor7 or i7
eD<o7e" to ?o": or ot8er ra"iant 8eat After 7etting a ?u??le or t8e line of 7ig8t# let it
7tan" a fe> 7econ"7 to 7ee t8at no mo9ement occur7
4 +or a"Au7tment of 7elf-le9elling le9el7# 7ee in7truction7 inclu"e" >it8 eac8
in7trument
5 It i7 recommen"e" t8at t8e t8ree le9elling 7cre>7 ?e con7tantl: c8ec@e" for
loo7ene77 T8e7e 7cre>7# locate" on t8e lo>er 7i"e of t8e ?a7e <late# mu7t ?e
a"Au7te" onl: >it8 t8e <ro<er <in7 furni78e" >it8 t8e in7trument
1#" ADJUSTMENTS OF T$E TOTAL STATION (a7 <er e;ui<ment manual)
T8e7e item7 78oul" ?e c8ec@e" >ee@l: or an:time t8e integrit: of t8e
in7trument i7 in ;ue7tion
1enerall:# t8e <roce77 78oul" ta@e le77 t8an (0' 8r
J Plate le9el
J Collimation
J Tri?rac87# c8ec@e" regularl: inclu"ing circular le9el
J Do not <erform cro77 8air a"Au7tment7 T8i7 a"Au7tment mu7t ?e "one at a
certifie" re<air facilit:
TIT*E:
PR$CESS DE+INITI$N +$R CR$SS SECTI$N S,R-E. -IA T$TA*
STATI$N
D$C,/ENT N$:
000-0000000-07
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7#1 LEAST-S=UARES
T8e lea7t-7;uare7 met8o" of a"Au7tment of a tra9er7e a<<lie7 correction7 to
7ur9e: o?7er9ation7 in 7uc8 a manner t8at t8e >eig8te" 7um of t8e 7;uare7 of t8e
a"Au7tment7 to t8e mea7ure" angle7 an" "i7tance7 i7 a minimum
/inimum 3ori=ontal Clo7ure - (:(4#000
/inimum -ertical Clo7ure - 7;uare root @m D 0(4 m for "ifferential le9el7
Trigonometric 7tan"ar"7 >ill ?e "etermine" ?: t8e Sur9e: $ffice on a <roAect ?:
<roAect ?a7i7
If re;uire"# "ifferential le9elling 78all ?e u7e" to c8ec@ 9ertical accurac: on all
<8otogrammetr: <roAect7 an" ot8er <roAect7 a7 "etermine" ?: t8e Sur9e: $ffice
If a tra9er7e fail7 to conform to t8e re;uire" 7tan"ar"7# a rerun of t8e tra9er7e
>ill ?e ma"e All tra9er7e information collecte" in electronic "ata recor"er7 i7 to ?e
"eli9ere" to t8e re7<ecti9e 7ur9e: office in /$SS format for a"Au7tment Remote
7ur9e: cre>7 mu7t "o>nloa" "ata onto t8e glo?al "ri9e at "e7ignate" Di7trict $ffice
location7 Con7ultant Cre>7 ma: 7u?mit "ata to t8e Sur9e: $ffice ?: e-mail or
"i7@ette Co<ie7 of fiel" note7 are to ?e faDe" to t8e Sur9e: $ffice
># TOPO1RAP$ICAL SURVEY
>#1 ESTA%LIS$IN1 SURVEY CONTROL POINTS
Prior to carr:ing out t8e to<ogra<8ical an" le9el 7ur9e:7# <ermanent control <oint7 to
?e e7ta?li78e" for ?ot8 8ori=ontal an" 9ertical control along t8e full lengt8 of all roa"7
T8e control <oint7 78all ?e <lace" at maDimum inter9al7 of 400 m an" locate" 7o t8at
a minimum of t>o a"Aacent <oint7 are inter-9i7i?le A tra9er7e 7ur9e: 78all ?e carrie"
out to "etermine K# . coor"inate7 T8e ele9ation7 (L 9alue) of t8e control <oint7 78all
al7o ?e "etermine" >it8 reference to t8e eDi7ting National Datum
T8e <ermanent control <oint7 78all ?e concrete" an" center 78all ?e a 7tainle77 7teel
<in >it8 (' mm "iameter Eac8 control <oint7 78all ?e mar@e" >it8 it7 reference
num?er# "ate of con7truction# ele9ation an" coor"inate7 T8e7e <oint7 78all ?e
e7ta?li78e" at groun" le9el in 7uita?le groun" con"ition7 in location >8ere t8e: 78all
not ?e "i7tur?e" ?: con7truction >or@7 an" 78all ?e maintaine" t8roug8out t8e
contract <erio"
+ollo>ing re;uirement7 78all ?e fulfille" "uring tra9er7e 7ur9e:C
a 3ori=ontal angle an" "i7tance mea7urement
3ori=ontal angle 78all ?e o?7er9e" ?: ' roun" of angle on ' "ifferent =ero
7etting7#
TIT*E:
PR$CESS DE+INITI$N +$R CR$SS SECTI$N S,R-E. -IA T$TA*
STATI$N
D$C,/ENT N$:
000-0000000-07
ECP0ER N$:
00(
$RI1INAT$R:
PA-E/ENT EN1INEERIN1 SECTI$N
BNA
DATE:
%,NE 0&# '0()
ISS,E: (
PA1E:
(0 $+ (2
RESTRICTED
A total 7tation >ill ?e u7e" for 8ori=ontal angle an" "i7tance mea7urement
>#1#1 CROSS-SECTION SURVEYS
Detail to<ogra<8ical 7ur9e: 78all ?e carrie" out for t8e full lengt8 of t8e roa" Cro77-
7ection7 78all ?e ta@en at '0m inter9al7 Centerline of t8e eDi7ting roa"# carriage>a:
limit# 78oul"er7 an" em?an@ment toe 78all ?e 7ur9e:e" carefull: At cur9e 7ection of
t8e alignment an" >8ere 7u""en c8ange7 in ele9ation are encountere"# cro77 7ection
>ill ?e ta@en at clo7er inter9al7 if re;uire" in or"er to re<re7ent t8e true 7urface
<rofile
>#1#2 FIELD NOTES
$riginal 7ur9e: note7 for all total 7tation7 o?7er9ation7 are maintaine" ?: t8e "ata
collector an" t8e "ata collector <rogram /eta"ata 78all ?e com<lete an" comment7
a?out o?7er9ation7 t8at coul" affect "ata re"uction 78oul" ?e a""e" to t8e "ata
collector Mle Data for all <oint7 t8at >ill ?e u7e" a7 control an" an: lan"-net <ro<ert:
corner7 78all ?e collecte" a7 fore7ig8t o?7er9ation7 not ra"ial o?7er9ation7 in t8e
"ata collector
3an">ritten 7ur9e: note7 ma: ?e u7e" to 7u<<lement t8e "ata collector note7 T8e7e
note7 can inclu"e 7@etc8e7# "etaile" "e7cri<tion7 an"0or ru??ing7 of monument7 a7
a<<ro<riate an" ot8er general comment7 a?out t8e 7ur9e:
T8e fiel" note7 ?ecome a matter of recor" an" t8erefore 78oul" recei9e con7i"era?le
attention# foret8oug8t# an" <lanning a7 to t8eir organi=ation an" com<letene77 T8e:
78oul" ?e 7tore" in a 7afe an" or"erl: manner# along >it8 an accurate recor" of all
?oo@70 note7 8an"le" ?: t8e Cre> C8ief A log "ocumenting t8e tran7mittal of 7ur9e:
?oo@70 note7 78all ?e maintaine" ?: t8e reference" "ocument7
TIT*E:
PR$CESS DE+INITI$N +$R CR$SS SECTI$N S,R-E. -IA T$TA*
STATI$N
D$C,/ENT N$:
000-0000000-07
ECP0ER N$:
00(
$RI1INAT$R:
PA-E/ENT EN1INEERIN1 SECTI$N
BNA
DATE:
%,NE 0&# '0()
ISS,E: (
PA1E:
(( $+ (2