ZU ECONOMICS MLTP ACT KAN LA MAMAWHNA CHHAN

Dr. Laldinliana Varte

Secretary, KTP Mission Veng Branch & Department of Commerce
Mizoram University

Mizoram Sawrkar chuan MLTP Act thlakna tur dan pawm mai theih in a buatsaih chho a. Chu chu duh lovin
Mizoram Synod chuan hma a la a, Baptist Kohhran hruaitute pawhin zu zuar sawrkar din rem an tih loh thu an au
chhuah pui bawk. Zu khap bur kan la duh a ni tih Kohhran-in a au chhuahpui laiin thlah zalen duh mai pawl an awm
nual ta. Zu hi khuahkirhna nen sawrkar-in a duh chuan a zuar thei a (regulation), a duh chuan a thlah zalen vek thei a
(liberation), a duh chuan a la khap bur thei bawk (prohibition). Chutih laiin, eng hi nge kan ram hian kan mamawh
ber tih hi zawhna pawimawh, thil dang zawng zawng aia chhan hmasak ngai a ni. Kan ramah hian policy thar siamna
tur emaw tihdanglamna tur emaw thilah zir chianna lam kan ngaihthah tlangpuiin a hriat a; arkhawthimdai
approach hi a tlo duh lo fo.
Zu hi khuahkhirhna tel lova chhuah zalen chi chu a ni lovin a lang phawt mai. Khawvel ram tam zawkah
engtin emaw talin an khuahkhirh ngei ngei. Kan ram pawh hian prohibition emaw regulation emaw zawk zawk hi chu
kan thlan tur a nih hmel.
Ram changkang zawkte chuan policy thar/hman mek zirchian nan ram (social) economy-in a thatpui dan
(benefit) leh a chhiatpui dan (cost) an khaikhin (analysis) thin a. UNIDO leh economist lar Little & Mellress-a ten cost-
benefit zirchhianna tur kalphung an lo duan tawh zulzuiin European Union-a Executive Agency for Health and
Consumers-ten zirchianna kimchang zawk an duang chhuak leh a, Zu Policy-in ram economy a tihbuai/ tihchhiat
theih dan (Cost) chungchangah thil pathum ngaih pawimawh zual an nei
Prohibition a ni emaw Regulation a ni emaw, Policy chu tha tak leh dik taka kenkawh a nih dawn chuan
sawrkar a insenso hle a ngai dawn a, khawi policy-ah nge sawrkar a insen hnem zawk ang?
Zu sumdawnna sum lut tur in a tawrh dan tur: Zu siam leh zuartute atanga chhiah lut hi sawrkar tan
chuan sum hnar pakhat a ni a. Zu hi khap lovin regulate chauh ni ta se sawrkar tan chuan sum lut a awm
ngei ang a, zu sumdawnna avangin sum che vel a awm bawk dawn a ni.
Zu in atanga hlimna a tlakhniam dan tur: Hei hi chu a mak deuh maithei! Hlimna hi a hlu a, sum tam tak
man pawh a ni ngei e. Zu avanga lungawina/hlimna hi a hlut zawng chhut chhuah tur a ni a. A chhut dan
pakhat chu kan inphalna zat hmangin a ni a. Entirnan- Zu no khat hi Rs. 100/- ni ta se, chu zu no khat lei
nan Rs. 150/- thleng ka in huam a nih chuan (pawisa hi ka nei ngei tur a ni), zu avanga ka lungawi riau na
chu Rs. 150- Rs. 100 = Rs. 50 tihna a ni. Hei hi economics tawng chuan consumer surplus kan ti.
Regulation ai chuan prohibition-in he hlimna/nuam tihna hi a pawt hniam zawk dawn tihna a ni.
Tin, ram economy-in a that pui dan (Benefit) turah hengte hi a ngai pawimawh hle -
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) chuan natna khirhkhan pui pui pakua (9) chu zu vang liau
liauva awm a ni a ti a, natna chi dang sawmthum (30) chuang zet pawh zu kaihhnawih natna a ni a ti.
Eng policy-in nge heng natnate hi titlahniam ang a, inenkawlna senso atana sum luangral mai mai tur tur
titlem ang?
Zu hian mihringte tangkaina (productivity) a tinep nasa thei hle a, ruih chhiat viau phei chuan hna a
thawh thei loh mai bakah thawhpuite tan pawh harsatna tam tak a siam phah thin. Eng policy hian nge
chu chu harsatna awm thei tur chu sukiang ang?
Zu avang hian mi tam tak rilru a na a, chhungkaw tam tak kehdarhtirtu a ni fo bawk. Natna benvawn leh
hlauhawm tak tak thlentu lian ber pakhat chu stress hi a ni an ti. Pa ber zu in avanga a nupui fanaute
hrehawmna leh tawrhna stress hi natna hring chhuaktu lian tak a nih theih avangin zu avanga hlimna
kan chhut ang bawk khan chhut leh tur a ni. Eng policy hian nge stress avanga harsatna leh rilru lam leh
chumi nghawng chhuah thil tha lo tak tak chu titlem thei zawk ang?

MLTP Act hman tan tirh emaw, hman a nih lai emaw, tuna dan dinglai tih danglam tum chungchangah hian a
thatna (benefit) leh that lohna (cost) khaikhinna (analysis) turin zirchianna ziktluak a la awm lo. Amaherawhchu,
khawthlang ram, zu prohibition awm lohna ram, prohibition hlih duhten kan model tur ang hiala an sawiah te erawh
chuan zirna a awm nual thung. A then chauh han tarlang teh ang - Kum 2011-a USA-a Minnesota Department of
Health-in a zirchiannaah chuan zu avanga senso hi zu avanga sum lak luh aiin a let 17-in a tam a (zu avanga an senso
hi $ vaibelchhia 506)
1
. Kum 2002 khan Canada state pakhat British Columbia-a zu avanga an senso chu an sum hmuh

1
Minnesota Institute of Public Health (2011), The Human and Economic Cost of Alcohol Use in Minnesota, Minnesota
Department of Health and The Minnesota Department of Human Services State Epidemiological Outcomes Work Group,
Minnesota.
zawng zawng aiin $ maktaduai 73-in a tam
2
. Kum 2003-a NERA hovin London khawpui an zirchiannaah chuan
sawrkar-in zu atanga sum a hmuh aiin a senso chu (chhut theih chin) vaibelchhe 286-in a tam zawk bawk
3
. Kum
2004-a Ireland ram zirchhiannaah zu avanga an senso zawng zawng chu vaibelchhia 370 a ni a
4
, UK-a Leeds-ah kum
2008-09 chhungin zu avanga senso chu maktaduai 438 a ni bawk
5
. Kum 2007 khan Minnesota state-ah chuan zu
avanga sawrkar senso phuhruk nan mi pakhat zelin chhiah $ 975 an chawi a, Oregon-ah chuan $ 1600 chawi ang an
ni
6
. New Mexico-ah chuan $ 1250 theuh chawi ang an ni a
7
, Indiana-ah chuan $ 1688 anga chhut theih a ni a
8
,
Montana-a chengte chuan $ 546 pe ang an ni bawk
9
. Economist pahnih, European Union pawhin zirchianna kalpui
tura sum a pek hial, Anderson & Baumberg-a ten zirna hrang hrang 21 lai an khaikhawmna atangin Europe ram-ten
kum khat chhunga zu avanga an senso chawhruala lakin ram sum thawhchhuah zat (Gross Domestic Product) 1.3% a
tling pha a ni tih an hmu chhuak.
10
India ram hi han thlir ila, zu atanga sum hmuh hi state thenkhatah chuan an state
thawhchhuah hmun ngaa thena hmun khat (1/5
th
) lai a tling. Mizoram-in kum 2013-14 chhunga sum a thawhchhuah
beisei zat (tax & non-tax revenue) chu Rs. maktaduai 488.25 vel a ni a. Zu lo zuarin State dang lo pha ve ta ang ila, Rs.
maktaduai 97.65 vel kan la lut ve dawn tihna a ni. Amaherawhchu, chu sum chu it ngam chi an ni ang em?
NIMHANS-in Karnataka State zirchianna a tlangzarhah chuan zu atanga sum hmuh Rs. 10 zelah zu avangin Rs.
16 aia tam mah an seng
11
. Chuti a nih chuan, Mizoram chuan zu avanga kan hek pui tur chu Rs. maktaduai 156.24 a
ni daih dawn! A nih loh pawhin, khawthlang ram model-a kan hmang a nih chuan Mizoram hian kum khat chhunga
zu vanga kan sen tur chu Rs. maktaduai 119.61 a ni dawn tho tho (Kum 2013-a Mizoram GDP chu Rs. maktaduai
9200.71). Kum 2013-ah Mizoram leiba chu Rs. 45,82,85,00,000 a ni a, mi pakhatin leiba Rs. 41,662 kan nei mek a. Zu
ti zalen turin kan va hausa tawk lo si ve!
Chuti khawpa hlawk lo zu hi ram zawng zawng hian engvanginnge an khap beh vek mai loh le? Mark H.
Moore, Professor of Criminal Justice, Harvard University tawngkam takin Democracy ram chuan a duh leh zu hlimna
a chen theihna tur a nih dawn phawt chuan zu avanga thihna leh buaina zawng zawng avanga insenso pawh a huam
thei a lawm
12
. Heng ramte hian zu chungchangah hian tan chhan tha an nei lem lo - zu an in duh avangin an khap lo
a ni mai.
Chanchinbu leh lehkhabuah te hial mi thenkhatin ram hmangaih inti takin zu thlah zalen deuh mai an rawt a,
a chhan leh vang that hmel pui pui an rawn chhawp chhuak thin. Zu atanga sum lakluh kan mamawh an tih rualin
ram changkang zawkah pawh zu avanga an ram economy-in a tawrh dante kan sawi tawh. Prohibition-in kan sawrkar
sum leh tha a ei hekzia te kan sawi thin; amaherawhchu, regulation kenkawh nana kan senso tur hi a tam zawk daih
dawnin a lang si!
MLTP Act hi hlip ila, zu tha a tam ang a, zu chhia a tlem ang kan ti maw? Zu tha kan hralh chhuah chiahin
local zu a lo sumdawng tawhte sumdawnna kan chuhpui dawn tihna a ni a, anni lamin an market hum tumin tan an
rawn la ngei ang. NIMHANS, Bangalore zirna hi a dik a nih ngai chuan India ramah zu tha (IMFL leh beer) litre 10
hralh a nih apiangin local zu litre 12 hralh ang a ni
13
. Kum 2003-05 chhunga zu khap lohna state hrang hranga zu
chhia thihpui zat (chanchinbu leh news-a lang thei chin) chu Tamil Nadu-ah 77, Karnataka-ah 37, Mumbai-ah kum

2
Gerald Thomas (2013) Lets talk about alcohol related benefits and costs, A Matter of Substance, Centre for Addictions
Research of British Columbia, University of Victoria, Canada.
3
National Economic Research Associates (2003), Alcohol in London - A Cost Benefit Analysis, a final report for Greater London
Authority, London.
4
Byrne, S. (2010), Costs to Society of Problem Alcohol Use in Ireland, Health Service Executive, Dublin
5
Lisa Jones et al. (2009), The economic and social costs of alcohol-related harm in Leeds 2008-09, Faculty of Health and Applied
Social Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool.
6
Whelan R, Josephson A, and Holcombe J. (2008), The Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Oregon in 2006, ECO
Northwest, Portland, OR.
7
Roeber J. (2009), The Human and Human and Economic Cost of Alcohol Abuse in New Mexico, 2006,
New Mexico Department of Health, Division of Epidemiology and Response.
8
Wright ER, Greene MS, Yong L, and Judson-Patrick AM(2010), The Economic Impact of Substance
Misuse and Abuse in Indiana. Indiana University: School of Public Health and Health Affairs, Center for Health
Policy
9
Barkey PM(2009) The Economic Cost of Alcohol Abuse in Montana, The University of Montana,
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Missoula, MT
10
Anderson, P. & Baumberg, B. (2006), Alcohol in Europe, London, Institute of Alcohol Studies
11
Benegal V, Velayudhan A, Jain S, (2000), Social Costs of Alcoholism: A Karnataka Perspective, NIMHANS Journal, Vol. 18 (1&2),
Bangalore.
12
Mark H Moore, Professor of Criminal Justice, Harvard University Kennedy School of Government-in New York Times
16/10/1989 a chhuah atanga lak.
13
Current Pattern and Trends - Indian Alcohol Policy Alliance, accessed on 02/02/2014 from
http://www.indianalcoholpolicy.org/.../F-Current%20Patterns%20and%20Trends.pdf
2004 khan 99, 2005 khan Rajasthan-ah 2005 an awm a ni. State dang Orrisa, West Bengal etc. ah te pawh an awm
nual mai. A mak hran lo, India ram pum record awm chinah ngawt pawh zu in mi 40% ten local zu an la in tlat
14
.
Zu tha man a tlawm ang a, thihna a tlem ang kan ti maw? Zu man hi lo tla hniam ta se, zu in an tam phah
saw tang. Zirna hrang hrang 132 khaikhawmnaah chuan zu man 10%-a a tlak hniam chuan, 7%-in zu in an pung
15
. Zu
in an pun chuan thin-ro natna pawh a pung ngei ang. J.A. Miron leh A.K. Dills-te chuan zu in zat (consumption) unit
100-a san chuan thin ro avanga thihna 56.25% in a tisang an ti
16
.
Zu kan tih zalen chuan zu in kan thiam chho mai ang kan ti maw? USA-a prohibition an hlih hnu kum 77-ah
chuan Class 12 zirlai 41% te chuan zu an in fo tawh a, 24% te chuan rui hnep khawpin an in fo thin tih hmuh chhuah
a ni a, kan ram hmabak a ni ve mai ang em? WHO chuan kum 15 miin zu a tem tawh chuan zu ngawl veina chance
60% a nei a lo ti mek bawk si! USA-ah vek khuan social drinkers 50% aia tam hi chu zu avangin an buai zui an ti
bawk
17
. Minnesota-ah kum 2009 khan puitling 62% te chuan thla khat chhungin vawi khat tal zu an in a, 20% te
chuan rui hnepin an in bawk
18
. India ramah ngei pawh zu in tanna kum (age of initiation) a tla hniam tual tual tih
hmuh chhuah a ni a, Johnson J. Edayaranmula, ADIC-in 2007-a a zirnaah chuan 1986 khan chawhrualin kum 19 vela
zu tem tan ang kan nih laiin 2006 khan kum 13.5 vel a ni tawh a. Hmeichhe zu in an pung tual tual a, zu in tan kum a
hniam tual tual, rui chhe khawpa zu in (binge drinking) an ching tual tual a ti
19
. WHO chuan zu in zinga 3.82% ten zu
avanga harsatna enkawl ngai khawp an nei a ti bawk
20
. HK Sharma, National Drug Dependence Treatment, AIIMS-a
thawk zirbingnaah chuan kum khata zu vawi khat tal in thin hi 34% an ni a, thla tin in thin 20% vel thleng an nih a
ring. Ni tin in thin 10% vel thleng an nih a rin theih a, zu avanga harsatna nei 5% vel an awm a rinawm bawk.
NIMHANS, Bangalore 2004 zirnaah chuan thingtlang miin an sum lakluh 24% zu atan an hmang a, khawpui miin an
sum lakluh 32% vel an hmang. Zu hi zawng in thiam a awm dawn lo a ni ang e, hmanlai dynasty-ho tlakchhiatna
chhan zinga telh tam pawl a nih kha maw!
Prohibition hi khawi ramah mah a hlawhtling lo kan ti maw? Hlawhtlinna tehfunga zir pawh a ni maithei.
USA-a prohibition an hman hma (1911) aiin an hman hnu (1929) khan thin-ro natna chu a let thum dawnin a tla
hniam a (29.5:10.7 per 100,000 cases), zu in (consumption) zat 30-50% in a tla hniam bawk. Chutih lain, Prohibition
an hlih hnuah motor accident 23,000 ai mahin a tam a, zu ruih avanga inthahna 50% ai mahin a sang bawk. 1/3
rd
in
zu in zat a tla hniam hman tiin Prof. Mark H Moore, Criminal Justice, Harvard University-a Kennedy School of
Government, chuan a lo sawi tawh a ni
21
. Ani hian Prohibition dan (statute) chak lo leh politics huanga inbeihna nasa
tak tuartu prohibition kha hlawhtling ve tak chu a ni a ti.
Zu in lo theilote hnenah zu tha pek hi sawrkar tih tur a ni ang maw? Kan ram hruaituten zu in lo theilote a
tih hian tu a sawina nge ni ang? Zu in lo theilote hi zu tellova awm thei lo tak tak an nih chuan a ngawl an vei tihna
a ni mai awm e. Zu ngawlveite enkawl dan chu zu tha pek zel ai chuan nghei tura enkawl a nih zawk hmel. Chuti lova
zu zawk kan in pek zel chuan kar lovah khawthlang ram zu dinhmun kan ang chho ang a, an economy kan hlat fu si
ang a. USA-a cheng 15% ten zu lamah harsatna an nei a.
22
Kum 2007 khan zu avanga harsatna neite avangin an state
pakhat, Minnesota-ah chuan sawrkar-in medical bill ah $938,000,000 a seng a, mihring tha (productivity)
$3,710,000,000 an hloh bawk an ti.
23
Kan ram hian tlin ve tak ang maw! April 2009 khan US Department of Health
and Human Services chuan an zirchianna an ti chhuak a. Zu leh ruihtheih thil dang ngaite rehab hian sawrkarin cheng
1 a sen apiangin cheng 7 a hlep chhuak zel ang a ni an ti.
24
Zu tha pek ai chuan zu bawih ata chhuahna kawng
zawnpui hi sawrkar tan a hlawk daih zawk dawn tihna a nih chu. SUM zirna Economics chuan zu hi sual a ti a, zu hi a
intu tan mai ni lo, khawtlang tan pawha buaipui tham a tlin avangin 'Demerit Goods' a tih zingah a dah a ni a, zu
atanga chhiah lak pawh 'Sin Tax' a ti. Mizoram sawrkar hian a ngaihtuah chian a va ngai em!

14
Gururaj G et. al. (2011), Alcohol related harm: Implications for public health and policy in India, NIMHANS, Bangalore
15
Gallet, C. (2007) The demand for alcohol: a meta-analysis of elasticities, Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource
Economics, 51 (2) pp. 121-135.
16
A paper Alcohol Prohibition & Cirrhosis published by Angela KD, Department of Economics, Clemson University & Jeffrey AM
Department of Economics, Boston University on June 10, 2003. Anni paper-ah hian zu consumption leh thin-ro avanga thihna
inlaichinna (correlation) chu 0.75 a ni a. Hemi atang hian R
2
=56.25% hi ka chhut a ni.
17
David H. Jernigan (2001), Global Status Report: Alcohol and Young People, World Health Organization, Geneva
18
Minnesota Institute of Public Health (2011)
19
WHO Alcohol Control Series 2, 2006
20
WHO Global Status Report on Alcohol June 2001 & 2004
21
New York Times accessed at http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/16/.../actually-prohibition-was-a-success.htm
22
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/157163.php accessed on 6/7/2014
23
Minnesota Institute of Public Health (2011), The Human and Economic Cost of Alcohol Use in Minnesota, Minnesota
Department of Health and The Minnesota Department of Human Services State Epidemiological Outcomes Work Group,
Minnesota.
24
Cost Offset of Treatment Services (2009), US Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Centre for Substance Abuse Treatment www. Samhsa.gov