SSM COLLEGE

OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

PARIHASPORA, PATTAN BARAMULLA

SEMINAR REPORT
ON
GEOTHERMAL HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM

SUBMITTED TO:
Er. Hakeem Sajad

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report entitled

GEOTHERMAL HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY
Aqib Hussain Mir
Enroll No. 2642

For partial fulfillment of the award of degree of B.E. in
Mechanical Engineering during the period of study in 7
th

semester and the work under question has not been
submitted earlier for the same degree.

Seminar Co-ordinator

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I t gives me an immense pleasure to submit this technical
paper entitled GEOTHERMAL HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM. I
have tried my level best to represent this topic into compact and to
the point framework.

Firstly I thank Almighty for guiding me at every step, every
time.

I would like to extend my sincere thanks with profound
gratitude to Head Of Mechanical Department for his valuable
guidance and constant encouragement. I wish to express my
sincere thanks to my coordinator and all the staff members for
inspiring me the best of their knowledge and guidance.

Last but not the least; I thank my family and friends for their
assistance and help.


Abstract
Geothermal Heating and Cooling Systems provide space conditioning -- heating,
cooling, and humidity control. They may also provide water heating -- either to
supplement or replace conventional water heaters. Geothermal Heating and
Cooling Systems work by moving heat, rather than by converting chemical energy
to heat like in a furnace. Every Geothermal Heat ing and Cooling Systems has
three major subsystems or parts: a geothermal heat pump to move heat between
the building and the fluid in the earth connection, an earth connection for
transferring heat betwee n its fluid and the earth, and a distribution subsystem
for delivering heating or cooling to the building.
Each system may also have a desuperheat er to supplement the building's water
heater, or a full-demand water heater to meet all of the building's hot water
needs. Geothermal Heat Pump The geothermal heat pump is packaged in a single
cabinet, and includes the compressor, loop-to- refrigerant heat exchanger, and
controls. Systems that distribut e heat using ducted air also contain the air
handler, duct fan, filter, refrigerant-to-air heat exchange r, and condensate
removal system for air conditioning. For home installations, the geothe rmal heat
pump cabinet is usually located in a basement, attic, or closet. In commercial
installations, it may be hung above a suspended ceiling or installed as a self-
contained console.
Distribution Subsyst em Most residential geothermal systems use conventional
ductw ork to distribute hot or cold air and to provide humidity control. (A few
systems use water-to-water heat pumps with one or more fan-coil units,
baseboard radiators, or under-floor circulating pipes.) Properly sized, constructed,
and sealed ducts are essential to maintain system efficiency. Ducts must be well
insulated and, whenever possible, located inside of the building's thermal
envelope (conditioned space). Geothermal heating and cooling systems for large
commercial buildings, such as schools and offices, often use a different
arrangement. Multiple heat pumps (perhaps one for each classroom or office) are
attached to the same earth connection by a loop inside the building. This way,
each area of the building can be individually controlled.
The heat pumps on the sunny side of the building may provide cooling while
those on the shady side are providing heat. This arrangement is very economical,
as heat is merely being transferred from one area of the building to another, with
the earth connection serving as the heat source or heat sink only for the
difference between the building's heating and cooling needs. Water Heating
Many residential-sized systems installed today are equipped with desuperheaters
to provide domestic hot water when the system is providing heat or air
conditioning. The desuperheate r is a small auxiliary heat exchanger at the
compressor outlet. It transfers excess heat from the compressed gas to a water
line that circulates water to the house's hot water tank.
In summer, when the air conditioning runs frequently, a desuperheater may
provide all the hot water needed by a household. It can provide four to eight
gallons of hot water per ton of cooling capacity each hour it operates. A
desuperheater provides less hot water during the winter, and none during the
spring and fall when the system is not operating. Because the heat pump is so
much more efficient than other means of water heating, manufacturers are
beginning to offer "triple function," "full condensing," or "full demand" systems
that use a separate heat exchanger to meet all of a household hot water needs.
These units cost-effectively provide hot water as quickly as any competing
system.
The water heating system that is installed in the Finger Lakes Institute is an on
demand system. This system provides hot water as soon as there is a demand for
it. Using this type of system eliminates the need to heat stored water like a
conventional hot water tank requires.

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig.No. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1.1 First experiment to produce geo-thermal power 10
2.1 Temperatures in the earth 11
4.1 Connections between GHP components 13
4.2 Horizontal Closed Loop system 15
4.3 Vertical Closed Loop system 16
4.4 Closed Loop system of Pond/Lake 17
4.5 Open Loop System 18
4.6 Liquid Source Heat Pump 19
4.7 Arrangement Of whole System 20
5.1 Temp. Distribution Beneath Ground 21









LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHS

S.No. TOPIC Page No.
6.1 Leading Countries Using GHP 27
6.1 Geothermal energy use in the EU 2002 28
6.2 Geothermal energy use in Enlarge EU 2004 29



CONTENTS
S.No. Name Of Content Page No.
1. Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction 9
1.2 History 10
2. Chapter 2
2.1 Geothermal Energy 11
2.2 Geothermal Heating 11
3. Chapter 3
3.1Site Selection For GHP
3.1.1 Geology 12
3.1.2 Hydrology 12
3.1.3 Land Availability 12

4. Chapter 4
4.1 Components Of GHP System 13
4.2 Details Of Earth Connection 14
4.2.1 Closed Loop Connections 14
4.2.2 Open Loop Connections 17
4.3 Liquid Source Heat Pump 19
5. Chapter 5
5.1 Working Of GHP 21
5.2 Working Cycle Of GHP 22
5.3 Performance Rating Of GHP 23
5.4 Advantages Of GHP 24
5.5 Disadvantages Of GHP 24
6. Chapter 6
6.1 Environmental Impact Of GHP 25
6.2 Economics Of GHP 26
6.3 World Utilization OF GHP 27
7. Conclusion 30
8. References 31