United S ta tes Pa tent [ 1 9 1

4 , 8 3 3 , 4 3 1
[ 1 1 ] a Pa tent Number:
B ienio s ek [ 4 5 ] D a te o f Pa tent: Ma y 2 3 , 1 9 8 9
[ 5 4 ] TRIPLE-RES ONANCE PULS E [ 5 6 ] Ref erenc es Cited
TRANS FORMER CIRCUIT U. S . PATENT D OCUMENTS
[ 7 5 1 Invent f inds M- B ienimk , Ch es terf iel d 2 , 4 4 8 , 3 6 4 8 / 1 9 4 8 Ga nz et a 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 / 2 0
0 .
_ _ Prima ry Exa minerMa rvin L. Na s s ba um
[ 7 3 ] As s l g nee: Mc D o nnel l D o ug l a s Co rp o ra tl o n, Atto rney, Ag ent, o r FirmB enj a rnin H uds o n, J r.
Lo ng B ea c h , Ca l l f .
[ 5 7 ] AB S TRACT
[ 2 1 ] Ap p l . No . : 1 5 6 , 9 5 8 _ _ _ _ _ I _
' A tnp l e res o na nc e c 1 rc u1 t 1 s p ro vl ded f o r 1 mp ro v1 ng th e
[ 2 2 ] Fl l edi Feb- 1 8 1 1 9 8 8 ef f ic ienc y o f h ig h vo l ta g e p ul s es f o r p ul s e tra ns f o rmer
[ 5 1 ] Int. ( :1 . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H 0 3 H 1 1 / 0 0 ; H 0 3 K 1 2 / 0 0 a p p l iea tio ns - Th is eireuit Pro vides h ig h tra ns f er o f en
[ 5 2 ] us . c 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 / 2 0 ; 3 0 7 / 1 0 6 ; erg y wh en th e no rma l mo de f req uenc ies o f th e c o up l ed
3 2 8 / 6 5 ; 3 3 3 / 2 3 c irc uit a re in th e ra tio s o f c erta in wh o l e numbers .
[ 5 8 ] Fiel d o f S ea rc h . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 / 1 9 , 2 0 , 2 3 , 1 7 7 -1 8 0 ,
3 3 3 / 1 8 5 ; 3 2 8 / 6 5 -6 7 , 7 4 ; 3 0 7 / 1 0 6 , 1 6 1
8 Cl a ims , 1 D ra wing S h eet
US . Pa tent Ma y 2 3 , 1 9 8 9 4 , 8 3 3 , 4 3 1
C1 II H
---v
4 , 8 3 3 , 4 3 1
1
I TRIPLE-RES ONANCE PULS E TRANS FORMER
CIRCUIT
B ACKGROUND OF TH E INVENTION
1 . Fiel d o f th e Inventio n
Th is inventio n is rel a ted g enera l l y to res o na nt tra ns
f o rmer c irc uits des ig ned to g enera te h ig h vo l ta g e p ul s es
f o r s uc h a p p l ic a tio ns a s l inea r induc tio n a c c el era to rs ,
el ec tro ma g netic l a unc h ers , a nd p a rtic l e bea m a c c el era
to rs .
2 . D es c rip tio n o f th e Prio r Art
In p ul s e p o wer a p p l ic a tio ns , th e o bj ec t o f th e des ig n
ers is to p l a c e th e ma ximum a mo unt o f vo l ta g e o n th e
l o a d c a p a c ito rs with a h ig h energ y tra ns f er ef ? c ienc y.
Auth o r G. J . Ro h wein, in h is p a p er, A Th ree Meg a
vo l t Tra ns f o rmer f o r PFL Pul s e Ch a rg ing , p ubl is h ed
in IEEE Tra ns a c tio ns , Nuc l ea r S c ienc e NS -2 6 , 4 2 1 1 ,
1 9 7 9 , intro duc ed a tra ns f o rmer des ig ned to o p era te in a
dua l res o na nc e mo de. Th e o p en c irc uit res o na nt f re
q uenc ies o f th e p rima ry a nd s ec o nda ry tra ns f o rmer
c irc uits a re eq ua l , a nd tra ns f o rmer c o up l ing ef f ic ienc y is
0 . 6 . In th is c irc uit, th e c o up l ing o f th e energ y, neg l ec t
ing da mp ening , ta k es p l a c e f ro m C1 to C2 . Th e c o nc ep t
o f th e dua l res o na nt tra ns f o rmer c irc uit h a s been k no wn
s inc e a t l ea s t 1 9 6 6 , ( s ee D a vid Fink el s tein, Ph il ip Go l d
berg , a nd J o s h ua S uc h a to witz, H ig h Vo l ta g e Imp ul s e
S ys tem , Th e Review o f S c ienti? c Ins truments , vo l . 3 7 ,
p . 1 5 9 ( 1 9 6 6 ) ) . Op era tio n in th e dua l res o na nt mo de h a s
s evera l dis a dva nta g es . Firs t, th e tra ns f o rmer a c ts a s a
p ul s e l ine with a dif f erent imp eda nc e f ro m th e a c tua l
' p ul s e l ine, intro duc ing a n a f ter p ul s e a s th e interna l
c a p a c ita nc e o f th e tra ns f o rmer dis c h a rg es into th e p ul s e
l ine; a nd s ec o nd, f a ul t mo des in th e p ul s e l ine c a n p ro
duc e da ng ero us h ig h vo l ta g e s p ik es o n th e tra ns f o rmer s
s ec o nda ry. Th es e dis a dva nta g es a re c o mmo nl y re
mo ved by th e intro duc tio n o f a n externa l induc to r to
p ro videris o l a tio n between th e p ul s e l ine a nd th e tra ns
f o rmer. H o wever, th e c irc uit do es no t c o up l e 1 0 0 % o f
th e a va il a bl e energ y into th e p ul s e l ine. Th e rema ining
energ y tends to ring in th e tra ns f o rmer. S uc h ring ing is
undes ira bl e bec a us e rep ea ted unda mp ened vo l ta g e re
vers a l s h a ve a del eterio us ef f ec t o n tra ns f o rmer l if etime
a nd ins ul a tio n s treng th .
5
5
2 5
4 0
2
Exp erimenta l Tec h niq ues , Vo l . 2 6 , p a g e 5 8 9 , 1 9 8 3 , a
res o na nt p ul s e g enera to r c irc uit wa s dis c l o s ed, but did
no t a ddres s th e p ro bl em o f g enera ting h ig h energ y
tra ns f er.
S UMMARY OF TH E INVENTION
Th ere is p ro vided by th is inventio n a res o na nt c irc uit
f o r c h a rg ing a p ul s e f o rming tra ns mis s io n l ine wh ic h
a l l o ws h ig h energ y tra ns f er wh il e ma inta ining vo l ta g e
is o l a tio n o n a f a s t time s c a l e between th e tra ns f o rmer
a nd th e p ul s e l ine. Th is c irc uit tra ns f ers h ig h p ea k vo l t~
a g e s tres s es f ro m th e tra ns f o rmer s ec o nda ry to a n exter
na l induc to r, res ul ting in s ubs ta ntia l l y h ig h er o utp ut
vo l ta g es th a t c a n be a c l ieived f o r a g iven tra ns f o rmer.
B RIEF D ES CRIPTION OF TH E D RAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a res o na nt c irc uit inc o rp o ra ting th e p rinc i
p l es o f th is inventio n.
FIG. 2 il l us tra tes th e wa vef o rms f o r c a p a c ito r vo l t
a g es in th e res o na nt c irc uit inc o rp o ra ting th e p rinc ip l es
o f th is inventio n.
B RIEF D ES CRIPTION OF TH E PREFERRED
EMB OD IMENT
Th e c irc uit s h o wn in FIG. 1 intro duc es a n externa l
c a p a c ita nc e in p a ra l l el with th e interna l c a p a c ita nc e o f
th e tra ns f o rmer. Th e tra ns f o rmer is no t s h o wn, but wil l
be k no wn to th o s e s k il l ed in th e a rt a s a n a ir-c o re s p ira l
s trip des ig n a s des c ribed in th e p ubl ic a tio n by G. K.
Ro h wein, A th ree meg a -vo l t tra ns f o rmer f o r PFL
p ul s e c h a rg ing IEEE Tra ns a c tio ns , Nuc l ea r S c ienc e
NS -2 6 , 4 2 1 1 , 1 9 7 9 . Th e c irc uit intro duc es a n externa l
c a p a c ita nc e in p a ra l l el with th e interna l c a p a c ita nc e f o r
th e tra ns f o rmer to f o rm c a p a c ita nc e C2 o f FIG. 1 . Th is
c a p a c ita nc e, in c o nj unc tio n with th e externa l induc
ta nc e L3 , f o rms a res o na nt c irc uit th a t c a n s up p o rt a ny
o f numero us res o na nt mo des th a t tra ns f er s ubs ta ntia l l y
a l l th e energ y initia l l y s to red in c a p a c ita nc e C1 to C3
Th is c irc uit is res o na nt wh en th e th ree no rma l mo de
ra dia nt f req uenc ies o 1 = k mo , w2 = w0 , a nd m3 = mmo in
th e ra tio o f wh o l e numbers k , l , a nd m, wh ere l is eq ua l
to k +l , k +3 , k +5 , . . . a nd m is eq ua l to 1 +1 , 1 +3 , a nd
1 +5 , . . . . Th e s imp l es t o p era ting mo de, wh ic h is a l s o
th e mo de o f g rea tes t p ra c tic a l interes t, is th a t in wh ic h
In a p a p er des c ribed by K_ A_ Z h el to v A v Ma l y_ 4 5 th e th ree no rma l mo de f req uenc ies o f th e c o up l ed c ir
g in M_ G. Pl ic k in a nd v_ E s h a l imno v entitl ed c uit a re inth e ra tio s 1 :2 :3 . Th e p a ra meters f o r th e c irc uit
Minia ture Vo l ta g e Pul s e Genera to r Fo r S ub- c o mp o nent va l ues a re a s f o l l o ws :
Na no s ec o nd El ec tro n Ac c el era to rs , Ins truments a nd
TAB LE 1
Trip l e res o na nc e c irc uit p a ra meters
Pa ra meter 1 :2 :3 mo de Genera l mo de k zl zrn
wo zLl c i l l 1 + 7 . 1 :. 3
2 4 --
2
0 0 2 L2 0 2 . 3 . ( 1 - k zP3 / k m2 ) ( Pz - P1 P3 k 2 ) - P1 P3 2 k 4
P2 k 1 ( 1 + P3 k 1 ( 1 _ 1 / k m2 )
wo zLs c s 1 - _ 1 _
4 1 2
M2 . 2 . PP
k m2 1 1 _ _ 3 _ . _
L2 l + 1 2 ? ;
1 . 2 / 1 . 3 l 7 -P3
4 , 8 3 3 , 4 3 1
= 3
TAB LE l -c o ntinued
Trip l e res o na nc e c irc uit p a ra meters
Pa ra meter 1 :2 :3 mo de Genera l mo de k zl zrn
Cz/ C3 % wh ere P1 = ( :T2 :l 1 _ 2 2 )
P2 = P1 .
a nd P3 =
Typ ic a l c o mp o nent va l ues f o r a trip l e res o na nc e c irc uit with in th e p a ra meters dis c us s ed a bo ve a re:
1 . , = 0 . 9 3 1 1 1 -1
L2 = 6 7 5 a
1 . 3 = 8 1 0 a l l
M = 1 6 . 9 uH
c , = 0 . 2 uf
c 2 = 2 6 7 p f
c 3 = 1 2 5 p f
Th es e c irc uit va l ues ma y va ry with in th e l 0 2 0 %
ra ng e. Th e trip l e res o na nt c irc uit buil t to th es e s p ec i?
c a tio ns is s up erio r to o th er res o na nt c irc uits in th a t th e
p ea k p ul s e l ine vo l ta g e is enh a nc ed o ver th e p ea k tra ns
f o rmer vo l ta g e by a f a c to r o f 2 . 7 7 h a ving a p o wer tra ns
f er ef ? c ienc y o f g rea ter th a n 9 0 %. Th is c irc uit wil l
a l l o w h ig h er o utp ut vo l ta g es to be a c h eived f o r a ny
g iven s ize tra ns f o rmer. Furth er, extens io ns to th e c irc uit
des ig n ba s ed o n h ig h er res o na nt mo de numbers th a n
1 :2 2 3 , s uc h a s 1 :2 :5 , ma y a l s o be us ef ul . D es ig n eq ua tio ns
f o r a l l mo des a re g iven o n Ta bl e 1 ,
FIG. 2 il l us tra tes th e wa vef o rms f o r th e c a p a c ito r
vo l ta g es Vo l ta g e wa vef o rms , up to th e time o f ma xi
mum vo l ta g e V, a re s h o wn in s o l id l ines . Th e tra ns
f erred energ y ma y be extra c ted f ro m C3 a t th is time.
Th e vo l ta g e wa vef o rms th a t wo ul d o c c ur a f ter th is time
if th e energ y is no t extra c ted a re s h o wn in da s h ed l ines .
Al th o ug h th ere h a s been il l us tra ted a nd des c ribed
s p ec i? c deta il a nd s truc ture o f o p era tio n, it is c l ea rl y
unders to o d th a t th e s a me were merel y f o r p urp o s es o f
il l us tra tio n a nd th a t c h a ng es a nd mo di? c a tio ns ma y be
rea dil y ma de th erein by th o s e s k il l ed in th e a rt with o ut
dep a rting f ro m th e s p irit a nd s c o p e o f th e inventio n.
Wh a t is c l a imed:
1 . A res o na nt c irc uit f o r a h ig h vo l ta g e tra ns f o rmer,
c o mp ris ing :
( a ) a ? rs t c a p a c ita nc e c o nnec ted a c ro s s th e inp ut o f a
h ig h vo l ta g e tra ns f o rmer;
( b) a s ec o nd c a p a c ita nc e c o nnec ted a c ro s s th e o utp ut
o f th e h ig h vo l ta g e tra ns f o rmer;
2 5
3 0
4 -0
4 5
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
( c ) a n externa l induc ta nc e c o nnec ted in a bra nc h
p a ra l l el with th e s ec o nd c a p a c ita nc e h a ving a va l ue
s uc h th a t th e ra tio o f th e interna l s ec o nda ry induc
ta nc e o f th e h ig h vo l ta g e tra ns f o rmer to th e exter
na l induc ta nc e is s ubs ta ntia l l y 5 / 6 ; a nd
( d) a th ird c a p a c ita nc e s eria l l y c o nnec ted to th e exter
na l induc ta nc e h a ving a va l ue s uc h th a t th e ra tio o f
th e s ec o nd c a p a c ita nc e to th e th ird c a p a c ita nc e is
s ubs ta ntia l l y 3 2 / 1 5 .
2 . A res o na nt c irc uit f o r a h ig h vo l ta g e tra ns f o rmer a s
rec ited in c l a im 1 wh erein th e tra ns f o rmer p rima ry
induc ta nc e is s ubs ta ntia l l y 0 . 9 3 uH .
3 . A res o na nt c irc uit f o r a h ig h vo l ta g e tra ns f o rmer a s
rec ited in c l a im 2 wh erein th e tra ns f o rmer s ec o nda ry
induc ta nc e is s ubs ta ntia l l y 6 7 5 uH .
4 . A res o na nt c irc uit f o r a h ig h vo l ta g e tra ns f o rmer a s
rec ited in c l a im 3 wh erein th e externa l induc ta nc e is
s ubs ta ntia l l y 8 1 0 uH .
5 . A res o na nt c irc uit f o r a h ig h vo l ta g e tra ns f o rmer a s
rec ited in c l a im 4 wh erein th e mutua l induc ta nc e is
s ubs ta ntia l l y 1 6 . 9 uH .
6 . A res o na nt c irc uit f o r a h ig h vo l ta g e tra ns f o rmer a s
rec ited in c l a im 5 wh erein th e ? rs t c a p a c ita nc e is s ub
s ta ntia l l y 0 . 2 uf . '
7 . A res o na nt c irc uit f o r a h ig h vo l ta g e tra ns f o rmer a s
rec ited in c l a im 6 wh erein th e s ec o nd c a p a c ita nc e is
s ubs ta ntia l l y 2 6 7 p f .
8 . A res o na nt c irc uit f o r a h ig h vo l ta g e tra ns f o rmer a s
rec ited in c l a im 7 wh erein th e th ird c a p a c ita nc e is s ub
s ta ntia l l y 1 2 5 p f .
* it * *