A Data-Mining Model for Protection

Of FACTS-Based Transmission Line

ABSTRACT:

This paper presents a data-mining model for fault-zone identification of flexible ac
transmission systems (FACTS)-based transmission line including a thyristor controlled series
compensator (TCSC) and unified power-flow controller (UPFC), using ensemble decision trees.
Given the randomness in the ensemble of decision trees stacked inside the random forests
model, it provides effective decision on fault-zone identification.
In the FACTS-based transmission line, if the fault does not include FACTS device, then
the impedance calculation is like an ordinary transmission line, and when the fault includes
FACTS, then the impedance calculation accounts for the impedances introduced by FACTS
device. The line impedance is compared with the protective zone and if the line impedance is
less than the relay setting, then the relay issues a signal to trip the circuit breaker (CB). Further,
for similar types of faults, the current level may be of the same order at two different points of
the
Transmission line, (before and after TCSC/UPFC). Thus, before the apparent impedance to the
fault point is computed, a more reliable and accurate fault-zone identification technique is
necessary for safe and reliable operation of the distance relay.

Existing System:
The current trend for building a protection for transmission line is held by
statically. Which means there having no knowledge about the accurate voltage and current
levels mostly because of using analog meters for measurement. And also remote measurement
is also not possible. It leads to the loss of power and also requires lot of man power to monitor
and maintain purpose.
Disadvantage:
1. Maintenance cost is high and also requires lot of man power for maintenance.
2. Computerized relay control is not possible.

3. Its not possible to disconnect the relay the power grid quickly.

Proposed System:
Here, we extend the existing definitions of modules and we introduce real time
transmission line monitoring and relay control system with accurate measurement of voltage
and current in FACTS-based transmission line. The main idea to develop this system is to reduce
the wastage of power and also to avoid the flow of low and high voltage in the transmission
lines.
Advantages:
1. We can relay the power grid quickly when the voltage or current gets lead or lags.
2. The graphical measurement is also possible.
3. We can measure the power remotely and also relay the grid remotely.



Problem Statement:-
The FACTS-Based Transmission Line consists of many typical maintenance systems.
The grids should be relayed at the time of power OFF or lead or lag condition. In some
transmission lines we have no knowledge about the level of voltage and current. So if any lead or
lag arises we cannot shutdown or relay the grid. For that we created a system to overcome these
problems.
Scope:-
The scope of this project is to automate the power grid relaying system along with
monitoring of power parameters such as voltage and current.
Architecture:-




R
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A
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D
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RELAY 1

RELAY 2

RELAY 3

RELAY 4

RELAY 5

RELAY 6

RELAY 7

AUTOMATION SOFT- SERIAL PORT
INTERFACING
WARE MADE IN JAVA 6.0


RELAYS CONNECTED
TO DIFFERENT UNITS RELAY DRIVER


Automatic Power Grid Controller







AT89C2051
rs232



PC RELAY 8

Schematic of Relaying

Implementation:
Implementation is the stage of the project when the theoretical design is turned out into
a working system. Thus it can be considered to be the most critical stage in achieving a
successful new system and in giving the user, confidence that the new system will work and be
effective.
The implementation stage involves careful planning, investigation of the existing
system and its constraints on implementation, designing of methods to achieve changeover
and evaluation of changeover methods.



Main Modules:-
1. Connecting meters with power grid:
In the FACT-Based transmission line we have to install the voltage and current
measurement system and send those measured values to the remote stations for definite
intervals.
2. Receiving and Monitoring the measured values:
In the remote station the measured values frequently monitored. The measured samples
are taken for specified period of time. If the measured value exceeds the specified lead or lag

values for that particular period of time, an alert message will be displayed and then it
automatically relay the power grid in the same time.
3. Relaying Grids:
The power grids are monitoring frequently, if any malfunction occurs, it will
automatically relayed.
4. Admin And User Module:
In this module, Users are having authentication and security to access the detail which
is presented in the ontology system. Before accessing or searching the details user should have
the account in that otherwise they should register first.




System Configuration:
H/W System Configuration:

Processor - Pentium III

Speed - 1.1 Ghz
RAM - 256 MB(min)
Hard Disk - 20 GB
Floppy Drive - 1.44 MB
Key Board - Standard Windows Keyboard
Mouse - Two or Three Button Mouse

Monitor - SVGA

S/W System Configuration:

Operating System : Windows95/98/2000/XP
Application Server : Tomcat5.0/6.X
Front End : HTML, Java, Jsp
Scripts : JavaScript.
Server side Script : Java Server Pages.
Database : Mysql 5.0
Database Connectivity : JDBC.