7)Mongolia Russia relations.

The bilateral relations between Mongolia and the Russian

Federation (Mongolian: ; Russian: - )
have been traditionally strong since the Communist era, when the Soviet Union was the closest ally
of the Mongolian People's Republic. Mongolia and Russia remain allies in the post-Communist era.
Russia has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar and two consulate generals (in Darkhan and Erdenet).
Mongolia has an embassy in Moscow, three consulate generals (in Irkutsk, Kyzyl and Ulan Ude),
and a branch in Yekaterinburg. Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and
Co-operation in Europe Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War,
Mongolia's trade with Russia declined by 80% and China's relations and influence over Mongolia
increased.
[5]
However, Russia has sought to rebuild strong relations with Mongolia in recent years to
enhance its standing as a regional power.
[5]
In 2000, the then-Russian President Vladimir
Putin made a landmark visit to Mongolia the first by a Russian head of state since Leonid
Brezhnev in 1974
[6]
and one of the first of Putin's presidency and renewed a major bilateral
treaty.
[1][5]
The visit and improvement in bilateral relations was popularly welcomed in Mongolia as
countering China's influence.
[5]
Russia lowered prices of oil and energy exports to Mongolia and
enhanced cross-border trade.
[5]
The Russian government wrote off 98% of Mongolia's state debt and
an agreement was signed to build an oil pipeline from Russia to China through Mongolia

11. Human rights in Mongolia. Since its turn towards democracy in 1990, Mongolia has in principle
acknowledged the concept ofhuman and civic rights. Human rights law, according to one human-
rights organization, is a rapidly expanding area in the Mongolian legal system.
[1]
In September
2000, Mongolia unilaterally adopted the so-called Millennium Goal 9, which is to strengthen
human rights and foster democratic governance.
13.ukraine scandal in crimea.crimea is a black sea peninsula that is connected to southern
Ukraine.a country in Europe.its history is complicated,but for a long time,crimea was part of
Russia.Then in 1954, it became part of Ukraine.The crisis today is about which country should
control it now.Ukraine or Russia.about 2million people live in crimea.includes Ukrainians, Crimean
Tatars and Russians, around 60% see themselves as ethnic Russians and speak Russian.Russia
and Crimea have deep historical ties.Russian President Vladimir Putin said in a recent speech that
everything in crimea speaks of our shared history and prideRussias Parliament voted to admit
Crimea, and Putin signed a law to complete the process.But Russia had been moving to take the
peninsula,and it took control of several Ukranian military bases.Ukraine is angry about the
developments,but a lot of people wonder whether it can do anything.There were problems before
Ukraine and Russia started fighting over Crimea,Ukrainians were trying to decide whether they
should be closer to Russia or to Europe.Most people in Crimea wanted to break away from Ukraine
and join Russia.Most of the people participated in the vote said yes.
14. Agricultural development in Mongolia. Agriculture in Mongolia constitutes 20,6% of mongolias
annual gross domestic product and employs 42% of the labor force. However the high altitude,
extreme fluctuation in temperature, lonf winters, and low precipitation provides limited potential for
agricultural development. The growing season is only 95-110 days. Because of mongolias harsh
climate. Crops produced in Mongolia include corn, wheat, barley, potatoes and other vegetables.
Animals raised commercially in Mongolia include sheep, goats, cattle, horses, camels and pigs.
They are raised primarily for their meat, although goats are valued for their hair which can be used to
produce cashmere. In the late 1980s agriculture accounted for only 18,3% of national income,
33,8% of the labor force. Nevertheless, agriculture remained economically important because much
of Mongolias industry processed agricultural products, foodstuffs timber, and annual products, such
as skins and hides for domestic consumption and for exports. In 1986 agriculture supplied nearly
60% af mongolias exports. Main agricultural export products are leather, organic cashmere, sheep
and camel wool, organic seabuckthorn and meat. 80% of total agricultural equipment are renewed
by high capacity tech. Domestic food production, especially packaged food production has been
increasingly coming up with speed with investment from foreign companies. Today the role of the
food supply and demand in tightly related to the sustainable development of the Mongolian
agricultural sector. We face many challenges as well as opportunities. Eventhough we had some
hard times in the agricultural division offer the 1990s, when the economic and social transformation
occurred I feel optimistic about the Mongolian food supply perspective because there are various
kinds of possibilities for us to improve it in the future. Mongolia need to focus on to develop organic
producers network, transmission of good international organic agriculture practice to local farmers, to
develop local competition to motivate participatory guarantee system of organic foods and to
develop and support value chain development of organic products.
8. NGOs in Mongolia. The SOROs foundation, world vision, the asia foundation, save the children,
and many others have become well known names among Mongolians. Working for over 15 years in
Mongolia, many NGOs are diverse and their development and activities are very dynamic. In
1990s, despite its landlocked location within a buffer position between two great powers and a lack
of democratic heritage, Mongolia embarked on the path of democracy after seventy years of
communism Mongolia had much going on against it, including a poor economy, dependency on its
two neighbors, an unconsolidated new political system, new international environment, and
tremendous changes in peoples lives. Support and assistance from the developed world was
essential in dealing with these challenges. Main donor countries like Japan, US, and Germany as
well as international organizations such as the UN, world bank began to provide economic and
political aid to Mongolia. This assistance included programs aimed at creating economic
development, political democracy and prosperous partner for the future. At the same time,
international non-governmental organizations have played a significant role in the efforts to assist
Mongolia in addressing the difficulties of this transition and the establishment of democratic policy.
NGO began their assistance to Mongolia since 1990. Since then the number of international NGOs
in Mongolia has greatly increased between 1990-1996. There were 36 international NGO operations
, which in 1997-2002. This number rose to 95. Today there are 116 international NGOs registered.
1997 the state great hural law of NGOs passed that helped create a favorable legal environment
and guarantee for not only NGOs but also for international NGOs. the international NGOs began in
the 19
th
century when British and international antislavery societies and the International Red cross
formally began their activities. Since then, the number, size and scope of international NGOs have
dramatically increased. NGOs is specialize sub-set of non-profit non-violent and transnational non-
state actors.
10. Political system. In 1991 mongolia has moved into democratic system, it means multiple party
systems. State hural was adopted the new constitution in January 1992. The state hural is the
highest legislative body. Mongolian organization is the president and government in Mongolia.
19, nomadic way of life. For 3000 years, the people of the steppes have adopted a pastoral way of
life moving in the search of the best pastures and campsiles. Today, almost half of Mongolians still
roaming the vast plains living in the ger and moving their campings several times a years and the
grounds with no fence. Nomadic life thrives in summer and surviving in winter. Mongolians have
been carrying such way of life for centuries. Nomadic life is a miseperable connection of ger, 5
muzzles and nomads. The number of nomads has significantly decreased over the last years.
Following the economic growth and urban life nomads move to the city is during the harsh cold
climate they last their herds that were the source of living. 5 muzzles provide all kinds necessity,
such as herdsmen use the horses as transportation, yaks and cows bring meat, leather and milk,
which used for making is variety of dairy products such as yoghurt, cheese and aaruul that constitute
the main diet of nomads during the summer months. Sheep goats bring also meat and wool
especially cashmere. In return nomads devote all of the day to caring. Offer their animals watching
over, milking, shearing, or combing. To produce self clothes, cheese, and other dairy products.
Nomadic life is the most healthy and unique way of living in the world. We should be proud to have
this kind of lifestyle.
20. Poverty in Mongolia. The transition from a centrally planned economy, where the government
provided all basic needs and most of the population has access to a full range of social services has
been particularly difficult for Mongolia. Prior to 1990, Mongolia was dependent upon assistance from
the former Soviet-Union, which accounted for 30% of the GDP. The cancellation of Soviet-financed
assistance, loss of traditional export markets and the interruption in imports of basic inputs such as
fuel and cement have had a devastating impacts on the economy contracted by 20%. The analysis
of the first living standard measurement survey provided a profile of the poor and identified the most
vulnerable groups in the country. More than 800000 people or 36% of the populations are poor. The
assessment shows that female-headed households have a higher incidence of poverty, as do the
unemployed and rural households owning less than 15 animals urban poverty is marginally higher
than rural poverty. The survey found that there is strong correlation between unemployed and
poverty with 58% of the unemployed being poor. In addition to the 100000 currently unemployed, the
economy will need to absorb 30000 public sector employees made redundant as a result of civil
service reforms. Among the rural poor, 35% of the very poor and 14% of the poor are unemployed.
Among the urban poor, the situation is even worse with 55% of the very poor and the 34% being
unemployed.
29. millennium development goals in Mongolia. The millennium declaration, endorsed by 189
governments at the UNs general assembly in sep 2000, was an imprecedented commitment among
world leaders to work together to ensure a more peaceful, prosperous and just world. Aming to
advance a global vision for improving the human condition and strengthening efforts to reduce
poverty enhance human rights and democracy and promote protection of the environment, these
commitments were translated into the MDGs in 2001. MDGs are strongly embedded at the policy
level in Mongolia. The Parliament adopted the MDGs as a development benchmarks in 2005, and
then as the framework for the MDG-Based comprehensive National Development strategy of 2008-
21. Mongolia is one of the two countries to have 9
th
MDG on strengthening human rights and
fostering democratic governance that emphasizes democratic governance and human rights as
necessary conditious for the achievement of all the MDGs Mongolia has witnessed significant
economic progress in recent years GDP growth averaged nearly 9% annually in 2004-08 largely on
the back of high copper prices and new gold production. Recovering quickly from the global financial
crisis in 2008-09, the economy recorded double-digit growth in 2011 and 2012. GNI per capita
increased from USD 1300 in 2006 to about USD 3035 by the end of 2012, and now Mongolia is
classified as a lower-middle income country. Most recent, the 51
st
session at the commission for
social development has convened at the UNs north Lawn building in NY, US on feb 12 2013. The
priority theme this year is Promoting empowerment of people in achieving poverty eradication,
social integration and full employment and decent work for all. Representing Mongolia, Director at
the Department of international Organization affiliated the ministry of foreign affairs of Mongolia
Narkhuu Tulga has participated.
26. Terrorism is a global problem. In the 21
st
century, most of the countries face different kinds of
external and internal problems. The number of problems such as international terrorism,
discrimination, religion and science conflicts, nuclear weapons and others are of crucial importance
and their solution is necessary preserve the national policy. But the most devastating problem which
the whole world faces today is Terrorism. In the last two decades terrorism has become such a big
problem that it cannot be solved unless one delves into its origin. Terrorism is one of the main
challenges to security and peace which represents a daily menace in many developed and
developing countries. The human and material costs of terrorism are tremendous. Terrorism is an
unlawful use of force or violence against person or property to intimidate or coerce a government,
civilian, population or any segment in furtherance of political or social objective. Acts of terrorism
include threats of terrorism; assassinations; kidnappings; hijackings; bomb scares and bombing;
cyber attacks and the use of chemical, biological, nuclear, and radiological weapons. In 2001 the
audacity and magnitude of the disaster of September 11 shocked the world as never before and the
number of deaths rose 3295 because of the attacks. The answer to the events of September 11,
2001 was the so-called War on terror proclaimed by George W.Bush. the main aim of which was
to unit huge number of people and stop acts of terror not just in the USA but all over the world. To
solve the problem of global terrorism, we must try to find the roots of it, to analyze the actions of
countries taken against terrorism, social attitude to this phenomenon. Also we need special attention
and careful attitude. Moreover, a special organization must be created. Its main aim would be to
inform population about all acts of terror to get rid of national hatred. This organization would spend
special meetings in colleges, universities and at schools where global problems could be discussed.
It would form objective independent opinion that would help people to get together and overcome
this trouble that endanger all lives.