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基础医学院解剖教研室
Muscles of Upper Limb
Wang Hao 汪 浩
Nov, 2006
Upper Limb Skeleton
• • • • • • Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius, ulna Carpals--proximal, distal Digits—metacarpals, phalanges
•
Muscles of scapula Muscles of upper arm Muscles of forearm Muscles of hand
act on the joint of shoulder
• • •
act on the joints of shoulder, elbow
act on the joints of elbow, wrist, digits
act on the joint of digits
Muscles of scapula
• There are six muscles in this group. They arise from the shoulder girdle, are attached close to the shoulder joint and inserted into the humerus. The functions are maintained under all static and dynamic conditions of the shoulder joint. This arrangement allows considerable freedom of movement in every direction while preserving the stability of this shallow joint.
Muscles of Scapula ◆ Deltoid 三角肌
Origin
Clavicle; acromion and spine of Scapula
Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity
Action
abducts arm; flex & medially rotate the arm; extend & laterally rotate the arm
Deltoid
anterior
posterior
◆Supraspinatus ◆ Infraspinatus ◆ Teres minor ◆ Teres major
冈上肌 小圆肌 大圆肌
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major
冈下肌
greater tubercle
crest of lesser tubercle
Supraspinatus stabilizes shoulder joint and
abducts the shoulder joint.
Infraspinatus
stabilizes the shoulder joint and laterally rotates the shoulder joint laterally rotates and adducts the shoulder joint extends, adducts and medially rotates the shoulder joint
Teres minor
Teres major
◆ Subscapularis 肩胛下肌
Subscapularis
lesser tubercle
Subscapularis
medially rotates the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint
Musculotendinous cuff ( or Rotator Cuff ) 肌腱
袖 The anterior, superior, and posterior aspects of the capsule of the shoulder joint reinforced by the tendons of insertion of the subscapularis, supraspinatus and infraspinatus, teres minor muscles. The tendons of these blend into a musculotendinous sheath, called the rotator cuff. This cuff protects the shoulder joint and gives it stability by holding the head of humerus in the glenoid cavity, and limits the range of movement.
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis teres minor
Lateral view
Muscles of upper arm
• There are four muscles in this group. They are divided into two groups, the anterior (flexor) group and the posterior (extensor) group. These two groups are separated by the medial and lateral intermuscular septa.
Muscles of Upper Arm
◆ Biceps Brachii
anterior (flexor) group 肱二头肌 Insertion Action
flexes the forearm and arm (long head), supinates
forearm
Origin
short head -
coracoid process
long head - supraglenoid tubercle
radial tuberosity
Biceps Brachii long head
Biceps Brachii
radial tuberosity
short head
◆ Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌 ◆ Brachialis 肱肌
coracoid process
Coracobrachialis Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
adducts and weakly flexes the arm synergistic to the biceps brachii muscle in flexing the formarm
ulnar tuberosity
Brachialis
posterior (extensor) group ◆ Triceps Brachii
肱三头肌 long head
lateral head
medial head
Origin
lateral head - humerus long head - infraglenoid tuberosity medial head - humerus
Insertion
olecranon process
extends the forearm; the long head extends and adducts arm
Muscles of forearm
• They consist of anterior and posterior groups. These muscles that cause wrist, hand and finger movements are positioned along the forearm. Most of these muscles perform four primary actions on the hand and digits: supination, pronation, flexion, and extension. Others actions of the hand include adduction and abduction. The precise actions of these muscles are complex, so they will be described briefly here.
anterior group
4 layers 9 muscles
Muscles
of Forearm 19s+Anconeus
flexors of wrist,hand and fingers pronators
extensor of wrist,hand and fingers supinators 2 layers 10 muscles Anconeus posterior group
anterior group
The first layer (1) Brachioradialis (2) Pronator teres (3) Flexor carpi radialis (4) Palmaris longus (5) Flexor carpi ulnaris Brachioradialis
flexs the elbow
Meidal epicondyle
Pronator teres Palmar Flexor carpi radialis aponeurosis Palmaris longus
flexes the wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris
anterior group
The second layer
(6) flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum superficialis
muscle belly
II-V middle phalanges
anterior group
The third layer
(7) flexor pollicis longus (8) flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus
II-V base distal phalanges
anterior group
The fourth layer
(9) pronator quadratus pronator teres
pronator quadratus
posterior group
The superficial layer Brachioradialis (10) extensor carpi radialis longus (11) extensor carpi radialis brevis (12) extensor digitorum (13) extensor digiti minimi (14) extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor carpi radialis longus
Anconeus
Anconeus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor retinaculum
extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
posterior group
The deep layer
anconeus
(15) supinator (16) abductor pollicis longus (17) extensor pollicis brevis (18) extensor pollicis longus (19) extensor indicis supinator
abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis
Muscles of hand
• The hand is marvelously complex structure, adapted to permit an array of intricate movement. The muscles of the hand are divided in to thenar, hypothenar, and intermediate groups. The thenar eminence is the fleshy base of the thumb hand. The hypothenar eminence is the elongated, fleshy bulge at the base of the little finger. Muscles of the intermediate group are positioned between the metacarpal bones in the region of the palm.
Muscles of Hand
intermediate group
lumbricales palmar interossei dorsal interossei
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi
abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis adductor pollicis
hypothenar
Medial
thenar
Lateral
Highlights
Musculotendinous cuff Please remember the groups of upper limb muscles, and comprehend the actions of each group. Please remember the origins, insertions and actions of deltoid, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii muscles.
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