iv Introduction Examination
for
Merit Badges should be given by
the
Court of
Honor
of the Local Council and in larger com-munities by the district Court of Honor, organized so as
to
reduce to a minimum the necessity of
the
boy traveling long distances.
In
no case shall a
Merit
Badge be awarded unless the Scout has personally appeared before
at
least
three
members of the Court of
Honor, and
either by examina-tion, conducted personally by
the
.
Court of
Honor,
or
upon evidence furnished by a duly appointed expert counselor,
demonstrated
to the
satisfaction
of the
Court of
Honor that
the requirements have been complied with in a satisfactory manner.
In
con;_munities where there is no Court of
Honor
an Examining Committee
of
at
least
three
members super-vises the
Merit
Badge Tests.
In
all examinations, it should be borne in mind
that
the purpose of the tests and examinations is not to secure a
mere technical compliance with requirements, but
rather
to ascertain the Scout s general knowledge
of
subjects studied,
and
practical
rather than
book knowledge is de-sired. A Scout should be prepared
at
any examination tfor a review covering previous tests given him as well as
to
demonstrate
that
he is putting
the
Scout
Oath and Law
into daily practice.
With
a view
of
increasing
the
value
of
these pamph-lets
to
all boys,
and
particularly
to
Boy Scouts interested
in
securing
Merit
Badges,
an
attempt has been made
in
connection with each subject,
to
make available facts and in-formation bearing on
the
vocational value
of the
subject.
It
s
believed
that
this practical application in each case makes available a unique contribution
to
the
literature for boys, and will be of great value to parents and teachers as well as boys throughout the whole country.
To
further
this object, those interested, and having sug-gestions
to
offer as to the vocational guidance treatment of any
of
the
more than
100 subjects for which
Merit
Badge awards
are
provided
are
invited
to
correspond with
E.
S. Martin, Secretary Editorial Board,
The
Boy Scouts
of
America, 2
Park
A venue,
New York
City.
FOUNDRY PRACTICE
Definition
Foundry
practice
is
the
name applied to
that
branch of
engineering
which
deals
with melting metal
and
pour-ing
it
in liquid
form into
sand
molds
to
shape
it
into castings of
all
descriptions.
CASTINGS
Three
Classes
of
Castings
Three
classes of castings, each
having
individual
physi-
cal
characteristics, such as
strength,
toughness, dura-
bility,
etc.),
are
employed
in
the manufacture
of modern
machinery; to
wit, those made from
gray
iron, copper
alloys, i.e , .
brass, bronze,
etc.,
and
mild steel.
Gray
Iron
The
bulk of
the casting
done
in
the
foundries
of
America
is
of
gray
iron,
that
is,
iron
which
may
be
machined directly as it comes from
the
mold
without any further heat treatment.
Chilled
Iron
and
Malleable
Iron
Chilled
iron
is
used for rolling
mills,
car
wheels,
etc.,
and malleable iron
is
used for
certain
types
of hardware
in
use by
manufacturers
and builders
.
MOLDING
Molding
Operations
Variously
Classified
The
mold
is
the
essential
feature
in all
foundry
prac-
tice. A
mold
is a
forin
or
cavity in
a
refractory mate-
rial such as sand, loam
or
in metal,
into
which molten
metal
is
poured,
and
which
determines
the
final
shape
of
the
poured
metal
after
it becomes
cold.
There are
four main
branches
of
gray
iron molding,
judged
from the
material
of which
the
mold
is
composed: Green sand
work,
cover
work, dry
sand molding, and loam work.
Classified
according
to
size,
molding operations are
broadly grouped
as
bench work
usually for
the lighter