EnviroPro Designer

for MS Windows

Product Literature for Version 4.0



A Computing Environment for Designing Integrated
Water Purification, Wastewater Treatment,
Air Pollution Control and Waste Disposal Processes


INTELLIGEN, INC. - 2326 Morse Avenue - Scotch Plains, NJ 07076 - USA
Tel: (908) 654-0088 or (973) 622-1212, Fax: (908) 654-3866
Email: info@intelligen.com

Visit our website (www.intelligen.com) to download and test drive
a functional version of our software
Product Information
2
General Description

EnviroPro Designer

is a process simulator designed to enhance the productivity of engineers and scientists engaged
in the design, development, and evaluation of water treatment, wastewater treatment, and waste disposal processes.
A superset of EnviroPro, SuperPro Designer

, is also available to facilitate modeling and evaluation of a wide

variety of chemical manufacturing processes (with emphasis on specialty chemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical,
and food products) and product formulation and packaging operations.

The two tools share the same features (in terms of simulation, economic evaluation, throughput analysis, environmental
impact assessment, communication with other popular software, etc and use the same interface but they differ in the list
of unit operation models. EnviroPro Designer includes unit operation models primarily for water and wastewater
treatment, waste recycling, waste disposal, and air pollution control processes. SuperPro Designer includes a large
number of chemical manufacturing unit operation models in addition to pollution control ones. The table in page 4 shows
the current distribution of unit operation models.

The development of the Pro-Designer software family was initiated at MIT and completed by Intelligen, Inc. in
collaboration with a number of industrial partners. As of July 1998, over 200 companies and 300 universities use
Intelligens software tools. Intelligen, Inc. also provides training, software customization, and consulting services.

The essential features of EnviroPro/SuperPro Designer include:

- Intuitive graphical user interface.
- Complete simulation facilities including mass and energy balances as well as equipment sizing.
- Models for over 100 unit operations used in the environmental and the process industries.
- Thorough process economics.
- Waste stream characterization.
- Rigorous VOC emission calculations from treatment plants.
- Chemical component fate prediction.
- Extensive databases of process equipment, chemical component, and construction materials.
- Process scheduling of batch operations.
- Throughput analysis and debottlenecking.
- Compatibility with a variety of graphics, spreadsheet and word processing packages.
- Module for enhancing appearance of PFDs with visual objects.
- OLE-2 support.

EnviroPro/SuperPro Designer is a valuable tool for environmental consulting engineers, process and product
designers, development engineers and scientists, treatment/disposal plant engineers and managers. It enables the
user to efficiently develop, assess, and optimize environmentally beneficial technologies. It provides under a single
umbrella modeling of chemical manufacturing and end-of-pipe treatment processes, project economic evaluation,
and environmental impact assessment.

EnviroPro/SuperPro Designer for MS Windows is written in Visual C++ using object oriented technology and runs
on any IBM PC and 100% compatible based on the Intel 486, Pentium or Pentium II processor that runs Win95 (or
later) or WinNT 4.0 (or later). It requires a minimum of 16 MB or RAM and 15 MB of hard disk space.
Product Information
3

Product Information
4
Benefits


Speed up
process
development

EnviroPro/SuperPro Designer

is an extremely easytouse process/environmental simulator,

with intuitive userfriendly interface and online help facility. The software has been
designed from start to end with the user in mind. It enables engineers and scientists to rapidly
represent, simulate, and evaluate (from a cost and environmental viewpoint) on the computer
integrated manufacturing as well as pollution control processes.

Tasks that can be readily handled using EnviroPro/SuperPro Designer include:
1) Quick evaluation of pollution prevention and control alternatives.
2) Environmental impact assessment of manufacturing and waste management plants.
3) Fate of hazardous chemicals (e.g., VOCs, heavy metals) in treatment plants.
4) Throughput analysis and debottlenecking.


Communicate
effectively
The development of new products and processes is a complex task that involves the
collaboration of many professionals from different disciplines, frequently over periods of
several years. If data generated by one group are not transferred effectively to other groups,
then a substantial fraction of work is duplicated resulting in wasted time and efforts.

The diagrams and reports generated by our Pro-Designer software family (material and
energy balances, economic performance, environmental impact assessment, and process
scheduling) constitute an excellent medium for communicating the technical details among
groups. During process development, they facilitate communication among the upstream
(product formation) and downstream (product recovery and purification) groups by providing
a single representation of the entire process and by demonstrating the interactions among the
various process steps. In addition, the environmental impact of a new product or process can
be examined at the early stages of product and process development when it is easy to make
modifications with beneficial environmental effects. Towards the end of process development,
EnviroPro/SuperPro Designer facilitates the transfer of data and design results to the
engineering company that does the detailed equipment design and construction of the plant.


Reduce cost and
improve company
image
The Pro-Designer software family enables engineers to minimize capital and operating cost
of an integrated facility by reducing process steps, improving product yield, increasing
equipment utilization through better scheduling, and minimizing waste generation. This is
particularly useful for commodity chemicals and other products, for which the profit margin is
small.

Further, for companies that are committed to pollution prevention, additional benefits can be
expected in the future from reduced liability costs and improved public image.

Product Information
5
The Nuts and Bolts of EnviroPro/SuperPro Designer


Userfriendly
interface

EnviroPro/SuperPro Designer features a menudriven fully interactive userinterface. In this
environment, developing a process flowsheet or modifying values is as easy as pointand
click. The interface is very similar to other MS Windows applications, making its features
very intuitive. Here is a typical EnviroPro Designer working environment:



Interactive
flowsheet
development

With EnviroPro, developing a
flowsheet is a breeze. To the right,
you see a menu that guides you
through every step of building a
flowsheet. If you forget a step, the
software will remind you.

After you are done with initializing
the flowsheet, solving the material
and energy balances, or creating all
sorts of reports is a matter of
seconds. Modifying the flowsheet
to see the effect of certain variables
on the overall performance is just
as easy.

Product Information
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Many unit
operations
EnviroPro/SuperPro Designer features a wide variety of unit operations used in the chemical
manufacturing, water treatment, and waste management industries. The following table shows
a list of unit operations currently available. If you need a unit operation, which is missing
from this list, we can work with you to develop it. (S: available in SuperPro Designer only)


Reaction
A variety of stoichiometric and kinetic
reactions in batch or continuous mode.
Batch/Continuous Fermentation
AirLift Fermentation (S)
Plug Flow Reaction (stoichiometric or
kinetic)
Equilibrium Reaction
Heat Sterilization (S)

Aerobic BioOxidation
Trickling Filtration
Anoxic Reaction
Anaerobic Digestion

Neutralization
Wet Air Oxidation
Incineration

Phase Separation
Batch Extraction (S)
Centrifugal Extraction (S)
Differential Extraction (S)
MixerSettler Extraction (S)

Continuous Distillation (S)
Batch Distillation (S)
Flash (S)
Condensation
Crystallization (S)

Absorption/Stripping
Activated Carbon Adsorption
Decantation

Solid / Gas Separation
Electrostatic Precipitation
Baghouse Filtration
Gas Cyclone
Air Filtration

Chromatography (S)
Gel Filtration
Ion Exchange (short-cut and rigorous)
Affinity (short-cut and rigorous)

Storage
A wide variety of storage and blending
tanks, including Silos and Hoppers for
storage of solids.
Solid / Liquid Separation
Membrane Microfiltration (S)
Membrane Ultrafiltration (S)
Diafiltration (S)
Reverse Osmosis
DeadEnd Filtration (S)

Decanter Centrifugation
Clarification
IP Clarification
Thickening
Flotation
Oil Separation
Hydrocyclone
Basket Centrifugation (S)
Bowl Centrifugation (S)
Disk-Stack Centrifugation (S)
Centritech Centrifugation (S)

Nutsche Filtration (S)
Plate & Frame Filtration
Rotary Vacuum Filtration
Granular Media Filtration
Belt Filtration

Drying/Evaporation
Freeze Drying (S)
Tray Drying (S)
Fluid Bed Drying (S)
Rotary Drying (S)
Evaporation (S)
Sludge Drying

Product Formulation and Packaging
Extrusion / Molding / Assembly (S)
Filling / Tableting (S)
Labelling / Printing (S)

Transportation
Land / Sea / Air (S)

General Unit Operations
Generic Boxes
Pumps / Compressor / Fan / Blower
Conveyors (Screw, Belt, Pneumatic) (S)
Bucket Elevator (S)
Homogenization (S)
Flow Mixing / Splitting
Component Splitting
Heating / Cooling

Product Information
7
Initialization
of unit operations
EnviroPro Designer features intuitive dialog windows for the initialization of unit operations.

In the following dialog window, the user initializes the kinetic data of a biodegradation
reaction in an aeration basin. Notice the expression for the overall reaction rate and the blocks
for specifying the substrate, other, and biomass terms. The data for the reaction rate constants
(Ko, To, and Theta) as well as the half-saturation constant for the substrate term (Ks) are
retrieved from the component database but the user also has the option to overwrite them
locally.




EnviroPro Designer is equipped with rigorous biological reaction models. The models can
handle any number and almost any type of reactions (e.g., biochemical oxidation, biomass
decay, hydrolysis of particulate matter, chemical oxidation, photolysis, adsorption on
particulate matter, etc.). They can handle any number of biomass components (e.g.,
heterotrophic for biochemical oxidation and denitrification reactions, autotrophic for
nitrification reactions, inactive biomass that decays, etc.). They support VOC emission
calculations based on mass transfer and equilibrium-limited models that are accepted by EPA.
Finally, they consider sorption of heavy metals and other compounds on sludge and track their
fate.


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Pure component
and mixture
database
EnviroPro Designer features extensive databanks of chemical components and mixtures. The
pure component databank includes thermodynamic (e.g., molecular weight, critical pressure
and temperature, accentric factor, vapor pressure, density, specific heat, particle size, etc.) as
well as environmental (e.g., diffusivities in water and air, biodegradation data, octanol to
water distribution ratio, Henrys law constant, regulatory information, component contribution
to TOC, COD, BOD
5
, TSS, etc.) properties. The databank files are usereditable, so that you
can add your own chemicals and mixtures along with their properties.



Chemicals in the component database can be searched based on their chemical name, trade
name, local name, and CAS number. The next release of EnviroPro Designer will support
component property retrieval from a number of commercial databases.











Product Information
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Material
Balances

EnviroPro Designer performs material balances on individual chemical as opposed to lumped
environmental stream properties (e.g., COD, BOD, etc.). This feature enables the user to track
the fate (e.g., extent of biodegradation, volatilization, sorption on sludge, etc.) of regulated
and other specific chemicals of interest in integrated water and wastewater treatment
processes.


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Emission
Calculations



EnviroPro Designer performs rigorous calculations for VOC emission from open tanks (e.g.,
junction box, equalizer, neutralizer, clarifier, thickener, aeration basin, etc.). The models are
based on fundamental principles of mass transfer and phase equilibrium and are accepted by
EPA (similar to Water 7 and 8).


Product Information
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Stream
Environmental
Properties


EnviroPro Designer calculates a number of stream environmental properties based on the
composition of streams and the component contribution to these properties. This information
along with some other pertinent data are used to characterize waste streams from a regulatory
and environmental impact viewpoint.


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12
Help facility EnviroPro Designer
provides a hypertext on
line help facility, which
covers the entire manual of
the software. The general
subjects covered in the on
line help can be seen on the
window to the right.





Product Information
13
Also, here is a portion of the help window of the Granular Media Filter.




The top portion of the help of a unit operation displays an icon of the unit and provides a
general description of the model. Through the same window, the user can access information
about the model and the interface by clicking on the appropriate highlighted items.



Product Information
14
Process
Scheduling



A process scheduling facility is available for handling batch and semi-continuous unit
operations, which are common in the specialty chemical industries. The scheduling
information affects the sizing of equipment as well as the demand for raw materials, utilities,
and labor. The system generates a Gantt chart (shown above) that graphically depicts the
execution of the various process steps as a function of time.






Reports

EnviroPro Designer generates the following reports: material balance and stream report (SR),
itemized cost report (ICR), economic evaluation report (EER), throughput analysis report
(THR), environmental impact assessment report (EIR), and input data report (IDR). The
reports are plain text files and can be opened by any text editor or word processor. In addition,
the reports can be exported in spreadsheet format. The following case study on a wastewater
treatment plant illustrates some of these reports.

Product Information
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Example - Wastewater Treatment Plant

The figure in the next page shows a flowsheet generated using EnviroPro Designer that represents a simplified
version of an industrial activated sludge treatment plant. Highquality process flow diagrams (PFDs) can be
obtained directly from EnviroPro Designer, or through other graphics programs. EnviroPro can export PFDs in DXF
format, which can be imported into AutoCAD for conversion into detailed professional diagrams.

The average flowrate and composition of the influent stream to the treatment plant is shown below:

Component kg/h g/l

Water 1 15 56 6, ,6 60 00 0. .0 00 0 9 99 95 5. .9 99 9
Glucose 7 78 83 3. .0 00 0 4 4. .9 98 8
Benzene 1 10 00 0. .0 00 0 0 0. .6 63 3
Biomass 1 15 5. .6 66 6 0 0. .1 10 0

It corresponds to a relatively small plant with an average throughput of 1 million gallons per day (MGD). Glucose
represents the easily biodegradable components while benzene represents the recalcitrant (not easily biodegradable)
components.

The influent stream is combined with the sludge return stream (Sludge Recycle) and is sent to an aeration basin
(AEB-101) for biological oxidation of the organic material. The aeration basin operates at an average hydraulic
residence time of 12 hours and an average sludge residence time of 34 hours. A surface aeration system is used to
maintain a minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 2 mg/liter. A clarifier (CL-101) is used to remove the
biomass and thicken it to around 4% wt/wt solids content. The liquid effluent from the clarifier is further treated
using a granular media filter (GMF-101) to remove any remaining particulate components. The withdrawn sludge
(S-115) is concentrated to a 15% wt/wt solids content using a belt filter press (BFP-101). The removed water, which
contains small amounts of biomass and dissolved solids is sent back to the aeration basin. The concentrated sludge
stream is dewatered to a final solids concentration of 35% wt/wt using a sludge dryer (SLD-101).


EnviroPro Designer guides the user through a series of steps to analyze and evaluate the flowsheet for the
wastewater treatment plant. The user initializes interactively the chemical species, feed streams, and unit operations,
through a series of dialog windows.

Product Information
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Product Information
17
Then EnviroPro Designer solves the material and energy balances. These balances are based on unit operation
models, which are described in the manual. The following is a description of Aerobic BioOxidation, as it appears in
the manual:

Aerobic BioOxidation

This unit operation model simulates transformation (e.g., bio-oxidation, chemical oxidation,
hydrolysis, photolysis, nitrification, sorption, etc.) of organic and other compounds in a well-
mixed tank under aerobic conditions. Any number of reactions can be specified with a variety of
kinetic expressions. The stoichiometry of a reaction is specified on a mass or molar basis while
the reaction rate is specified by selecting appropriate expressions for the substrate term, the
other term (e.g., oxygen), and the biomass term. The reaction rate constant is either specified
by the user or retrieved from the component databank for biochemical oxidation reactions that
follow Monod-type of kinetics. The various reactions may be based on different biomass
components. For instance, heterotrophic biomass may be used for biochemical oxidation
reactions and autotrophic biomass for nitrification reactions. Biomass death and hydrolysis
reactions may be written to keep track of the active and dead fractions of biomass components.
Nitrification Reactions
Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrate with nitrite formation as an
intermediate. Nitrification may occur in aeration basins along with other oxidation reactions if
the sludge residence time is large enough to prevent wash out of the nitrifying microorganims.
The microorganisms involved are the autotrophic species Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, which
carry out the reaction in two steps (Eckenfelder, 1989):

2NH
4
+
+ 3O
2
==> 2NO
2
-
+ 4H
+
+ 2H
2
O (Nitrosomonas)
2NO
2
-
+ O
2
==> 2NO
3
-
(Nitrobacter)

The rate of nitrification has been reported in the literature (Wong-Chong and Loeht, 1975) as
essentially constant with overall biomass concentrations (as VSS) up to 1500 mg/l and
decreases above that level. An average nitrification rate, at 20
o
C, is around 1.04 mg NH
3
-N
oxidized per milligram of nitrifying microbial mass per day. Note that it is easy to express
nitrification rates based on nitrifying biomass (autotrophs) if you specify a component (during
component initialization) representing nitrifying biomass. Like all biochemical reactions, the rate
of nitrification is temperature-dependent with u in the range of 1.03 to 1.15.
VOC Emissions
The aeration basin model handles VOC emission calculations. Different models exist for
surface and diffused aeration that are mass transfer and equilibrium limited, respectively. A
description of the models is provided in the Material Balances paragraph that follows.
Sorption
In terms of sorption, you may specify the fraction of a component that adsorps on the primary
biomass component. The program, then, keeps track of the fraction in solution throughout the
flowsheet with the Extra-Cell % term. The Extra-Cell % term represents the percentage of a
Product Information
18
component that is in solution while 100 - Extra-Cell % represents the adsorbed portion of a
component.
Material Balances
For steady-state operation of an aeration basin, the general material balance equation for a
component that biodegrades and is emitted is given by the following equation:

( ) ( ) 0 =
|
\

|
.
|

|
\

|
.
|

|
\

|
.
|
|
|
Input Output
Biochemical
Oxidation
Surface
Volatilization
Diffused
Air
Stripping


or 0 = QC QC Vr K aVC Q K CF
in b L a eq st


where Q is the liquid flow rate, V is the reactor volume, C
in
is the inlet concentration, C is the
outlet concentration which is the same as the concentration in the reactor, r
b
is the
biodegradation rate, K
L
a is the overall mass transfer coefficient, Q
a
is the air flow rate (in case
of diffused aeration), K
eq
is the equilibrium constant, and Fst is the saturation term (it
represents the extent of saturation of the exiting gas stream). In general, the biodegradation
rate is a function of substrate concentration, oxygen concentration, and biomass concentration.
Various expressions are available for the effect of substrate. The overall equation with a
Monod-type substrate expression is written as follows:

r K
C
K C
C
K C
X
b
s
O
O O
=
+
|
\

|
.
|
+
|
\

|
.
|
max


where K
max
is the maximum rate constant, K
s
is the half saturation constant for the substrate,
C
o
is the oxygen concentration, K
o
is the half saturation constant for oxygen, and X is the
biomass concentration. Alternative expressions for the substrate and oxygen terms are also
available. The component databank includes data for K
max
and K
s
for a large number of
chemical components.

The overall mass transfer coefficient of a VOC component is estimated as a function of the
oxygen mass transfer coefficient in wastewater, using a proportionality coefficient,
M
. In other
words,

(K
L
a)
VOC
=
M
(K
L
a)
O
2


The value of (K
L
a)
O
2
in the wastewater is a user input to the program.
M
is given by the
following equation (Hsieh et. al., 1993):


M
= (1 +
1
H
k a
k a
c
g
l
)
-1

Product Information
19
is the dimensionless transfer coefficient proportionality constant and it is calculated by the
following equation (Corsi and Card, 1991):

= {
D
D
VOC
O
2
}
n

where D
VOC
and D
O
2
are the liquid diffusion coefficients for a VOC and oxygen in (m
2
/s),
respectively. The exponent n varies from 0.5 for penetration and surface renewal theories to
1.0 for two-film theory (Corsi and Card, 1991) and is typically 0.5 to 0.6 (Mihelcic et. al., 1993).
The diffusion coefficients of VOC components are retrieved from the component databank of
the program.

k
g
a and k
l
a are the individual mass transfer coefficients of the VOC in the gas and liquid
phases, respectively, in (s
-1
). For mechanically aerated systems, the value of k
g
a/k
l
a is
estimated using the following empirical equation (Hsieh et. al., 1993):

log (
k a
k a
g
l
) = -0.39664 log
10
(P/V) + 2.6776

(P/V) represents the mechanical power consumed for surface aeration divided by the liquid
volume of the aeration basin and it is calculated by the program. Alternatively, the user has the
option to set the value of k
g
a/k
l
a or set the value of the term in parenthesis (denoted by Rl/Rt
on the emission i/o dialog window).

For diffused aerated systems, the Fst term is calculated by the following equation:

Fst = 1- exp (

M L O
c g
(K a) V
H Q
2
)
To calculate
M
, the user has the option to set either the k
g
a/k
l
a ratio or the term in
parenthesis (called Rl/Rt on the emission i/o dialog window).

The equilibrium constant is estimated by:

K
H
RT
eq
C
=

where HC is Henry's law constant, R is the universal gas constant, and T is temperature.

The above equations written for each chemical component entering an aeration basin
constitute a set of non-linear equations which is solved numerically to calculate the exit
concentration and the emission rate of each component.


References
Product Information
20

Corsi, R. L., and T. R. Card. 1991. "Estimation of VOC Emissions Using the BASTE Model,"
Environmental Progress. 10: 290-299.

Eckenfelder, W.W., Jr., 1989, Industrial Water Pollution Control, McGraw-Hill, NY.

U.S. E.P.A., 1975, Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control.

Hsieh, C.-C., K. S. Ro, and M. K. Stenstrom, Estimating Emissions of 20 VOCs. I: Surface
Aeration, II: Diffused Aeration, J. of Env. Engr., Vol. 119, No. 6, Nov./Dec. 1993, ASCE, ISSN
0733-9372.

Mihelcic, J. R., C. R. Baillod, J. C. Crittenden, and T. N. Rogers. 1993. "Estimation of VOC
Emissions from Wastewater Facilities by Volatilization and Stripping," Journal of Air and Waste
Management Association. 43: 97-105.

Melcer, H, J. P. Bell, D. J. Thomas, C. M. Yendt, J. Kemp, and P. Steel. 1994. "Modeling
Volatile Organic Contaminants' Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants," Journal of
Environmental Engineering. 120: 588-609.

Melcer, H. 1994. "Monitoring and Modeling VOCs in Wastewater Facilities,"
Environmental Science and Technology. 28: 328A-335A.

Tchobanoglous G. and F.L. Burton (1991). "Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal,
and Reuse", Third edition, Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., McGraw-Hill, Section 10-1.

Wong-Chong, G.M., and R.C. Loeht: Water Res., vol. 9, p. 1099, 1975










The simulation and analysis results of EnviroPro Designer are presented in a series of reports. The following tables
are parts of these reports:

The simulation and analysis results of BatchPro Designer are presented in a series of reports. The following tables
are parts of the following reports:

Table 1. Material Balance and Stream Report
Table 2. Itemized Cost Report
Table 3. Economic Evaluation Report
Table 4. Environmental Impact Report
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Table 1. Material Balance and Stream Report (SR)




FLOWSHEET PARAMETERS
=======================================================
Operating Time = 7920 (h/yr)
Main Product Rate = 1247389387 (kg/yr)
Operating Days Per Year = 330
=======================================================
MP = Influent






BULK RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PER SECTION
==========================================================================

SECTIONS IN: Main Branch

BioOxidation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Raw Material kg/Year kg/Hour kg/kg MP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Polymer 204392.47 25.807 0.000
Water 463906.75 58.574 0.000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section Total 668299.22 84.381 0.001
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sludge Treatm.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Raw Material kg/Year kg/Hour kg/kg MP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Water 48343966.57 6104.036 0.039
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section Total 48343966.57 6104.036 0.039
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY (Entire Flowsheet)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Raw Material kg/Year kg/Hour kg/kg MP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Polymer 204392.47 25.807 0.000
Water 48807873.32 6162.610 0.039
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flowsheet Total 49012265.79 6188.417 0.039
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

==========================================================================

Product Information
22
Table 1. Material Balance and Stream Report (continued)



=============================================================================
STREAM NAME S-101 AEB2-Emissi S-107 S-104 S-106
SOURCE AEB-101 AEB-102 AEB-102 CLN-101 INPUT
DESTINATION AEB-102 OUTPUT MXN-102 GMFN-101 GMFN-101
=============================================================================

STREAM PROPERTIES

ACTIVITY U/ml 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
TEMP C 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
PRES bar 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
DENSITY g/l 1000.2 2.0 1000.2 1000.0 1000.0

COMPONENT FLOWRATES (kg/h averaged)

Benzene 4.4889 0.2405 0.0364 0.0208 0.0000
Biomass 1057.1882 0.0000 1044.4885 10.4449 0.0000
Carb. Dioxide 0.0000 2.4198 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
DeadBiomass 88.0574 0.0000 103.7395 1.0374 0.0000
Glucose 6.2892 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Polymer 59.0953 0.0000 59.1036 0.8491 0.0000
Water 281817.9285 0.0000 281852.1748 160943.0361 58.5741

=============================================================================
TOTAL (kg/h) 283033.0475 2.6603 283059.5427 160955.3882 58.5741
TOTAL (m3/h) 282.9811 1.3457 283.0098 160.9549 0.0586
=============================================================================







OVERALL COMPONENT BALANCE (kg/h averaged)
===========================================================================
COMPONENT IN OUT (OUT-IN)
===========================================================================
Benzene 100.000000 29.891200 -70.108800
Biomass 15.660000 317.555833 301.895833
Carb. Dioxide 0.000000 255.202058 255.202058
DeadBiomass 0.000000 31.539907 31.539907
Glucose 783.000000 0.000000 -783.000000
Nitrogen 9593.574055 9593.574055 0.000000
Oxygen 2739.064684 2739.064684 0.000000
Polymer 25.807130 25.815396 0.008266
Water 162762.610268 163056.228495 293.618227
===========================================================================
TOTAL 176019.716137 176048.871628 29.155491
===========================================================================

Product Information
23
Table 2. Itemized Cost Report (ICR)

FLOWSHEET PARAMETERS
=======================================================
Operating Time = 7920 (h/yr)
Main Product Rate = 8689 (kg/yr)
Plant Batch Time = 223 (h)
Number of Batches Per Year = 100
=======================================================


COST PER FLOWSHEET SECTION (1998 prices)
=====================================================================
Fermentation Sin = Glucose Aout = Biomass
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost Item $/kg MP $/Batch $/Year %
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Raw Materials 99.234 8622 862210 15.43
Equipment 455.293 39559 3955867 70.80
Labor 57.958 5036 503571 9.01
Consumables 0.000 0 0 0.00
Lab/QC/QA 20.141 1750 175000 3.13
Waste Trtm/Disp 0.000 0 0 0.00
Utilities 10.447 908 90773 1.62
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section Total 643.073 55874 5587421 100.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Recovery Sin = Biomass Aout = b-Gal
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost Item $/kg MP $/Batch $/Year %
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Raw Materials 16.169 1405 140486 6.19
Equipment 113.658 9875 987534 43.50
Labor 71.877 6245 624515 27.51
Consumables 17.273 1501 150076 6.61
Lab/QC/QA 27.622 2400 240000 10.57
Waste Trtm/Disp 7.185 624 62424 2.75
Utilities 7.471 649 64911 2.86
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section Total 261.255 22699 2269946 100.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Purification Sin = b-Gal Aout = b-Gal
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost Item $/kg MP $/Batch $/Year %
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Raw Materials 778.302 67624 6762376 35.16
Equipment 836.226 72657 7265652 37.77
Labor 118.917 10332 1033228 5.37
Consumables 379.514 32975 3297454 17.14
Lab/QC/QA 31.651 2750 275000 1.43
Waste Trtm/Disp 68.291 5934 593354 3.08
Utilities 0.810 70 7036 0.04
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section Total 2213.711 192341 19234101 100.00
======================================================================
Sin = Section Starting Material
Aout = Section Active Product
MP = Main Product (of the entire flowsheet)

This itemized cost report contains the various costs associated with each flowsheet section: Raw
Materials, Labor-Dependent, Equipment-Dependent, Laboratory/QC/QA, Consumables, Waste
Product Information
24
Treatment/Disposal, Utilities, Transportation, and Miscellaneous. The cost items are displayed
in various units. Summary and breakdown tables are provided that highlight the expensive
sections and cost items that may require additional consideration.
Product Information
25
Table 2. Itemized Cost Report (continued)


SUMMARY (Entire Flowsheet)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost Item $/kg MP $/Batch $/Year %
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Raw Materials 893.706 77651 7765072 28.66
Equipment 1405.177 122091 12209053 45.07
Labor 248.752 21613 2161314 7.98
Consumables 396.787 34475 3447530 12.73
Lab/QC/QA 79.414 6900 690000 2.55
Waste Trtm/Disp 75.476 6558 655778 2.42
Utilities 18.728 1627 162720 0.60
Transportation 0.000 0 0 0.00
Miscellaneous 0.000 0 0 0.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Flowsheet Total 3118.039 270915 27091468 100.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------




BREAKDOWN PER COST ITEM AND SECTION
==========================================================================
Cost Item Fermentation Primary Rec Purification Subtotal %
$/year $/year $/year $/year
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Raw Materials 862210 140486 6762376 7765072 28.66
Equipment 3955867 987534 7265652 12209053 45.07
Labor 503571 624515 1033228 2161314 7.98
Consumables 0 150076 3297454 3447530 12.73
Lab/QC/QA 175000 240000 275000 690000 2.55
Waste Trt/Dsp 0 62424 593354 655778 2.42
Utilities 90773 64911 7036 162720 0.60
Transportation 0 0 0 0 0.00
Miscellaneous 0 0 0 0 0.00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal 5587421 2269946 19234101 27091468 100.00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contribution (%) 20.62 8.38 71.00 100.00
==========================================================================



RAW MATERIALS COST BREAKDOWN (Values in $/year)
================================================================================
Raw Material Fermentation Primary Rec Purification Subtotal %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Process Water 64000 0 0 64000 0.82
Glucose 614300 0 0 614300 7.91
Salts 164160 0 0 164160 2.11
Ammonia 19750 0 0 19750 0.25
WFI 0 140486 1507230 1647716 21.22
Tris-Buffer 0 0 2377006 2377006 30.61
NaCl (0.1 M) 0 0 1701980 1701980 21.92
NaOH (0.5 M) 0 0 960793 960793 12.37
NaCI (0.5 M) 0 0 215367 215367 2.77

Product Information
26
TOTAL 862210 140486 6762376 7765072 100.00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contribution (%) 11.10 1.81 87.09 100.00


Product Information
27
Table 3. Economic Evaluation Report (EER)



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (1998 prices)
==========================================================================
TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT 19443000 $
CAPITAL INV. CHARGED TO THIS PROJECT 19443000 $
OPERATING COST 5468000 $/year

PROCESSING RATE 1247389387 kg/year of Influent

UNIT PROCESSING COST 4.384 $/MT of Influent

TOTAL REVENUES 7484000 $/year

GROSS MARGIN 26.94 %
RETURN ON INVESTMENT 15.19 %
PAYBACK TIME 6.58 years
IRR AFTER TAXES 2.58 %

NPV (at 7.0 % interest) -4463000 $
==========================================================================
MT = Metric Ton (1,000 kg)





MAJOR EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION AND FOB COST (1998 prices)
===========================================================================
Quantity/ Description Unit Cost Cost
Stand-by ( $ ) ( $ )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/0 AEB-101 Aeration Basin 1160000 1160000
Vessel Volume = 998.87 m^3

1/0 CL-101 Clarifier 144000 144000
Surface Area = 212.28 m^2

1/0 BF-101 Belt Filter 149000 149000
Belt Width = 1.22 m

1/0 SLD-101 Sludge Dryer 12000 12000
Evaporative Capacity = 1381.26 kg/h

1/0 AEB-102 Aeration Basin 1160000 1160000
Vessel Volume = 998.86 m^3

2/0 GMF-101 GM Filter 151000 302000
Total Volume = 1.64 m^3

Cost of Unlisted Equipment 732000

===========================================================================
TOTAL EQUIPMENT PURCHASE COST 3659000
===========================================================================


Product Information
28
Table 3. Economic Evaluation Report (continued)



FIXED CAPITAL ESTIMATE SUMMARY (1998 prices)
=================================================================

A. TOTAL PLANT DIRECT COST (TPDC) (physical cost)

1. Equipment Purchase Cost $ 3659000
2. Installation 536000
3. Process Piping 1281000
4. Instrumentation 1464000
5. Insulation 110000
6. Electricals 366000
7. Buildings 549000
8. Yard Improvement 549000
9. Auxiliary Facilities 1464000
------------------------
TPDC = 9975000

B. TOTAL PLANT INDIRECT COST (TPIC)

10. Engineering 2494000
11. Construction 3491000
------------------------
TPIC = 5985000

C. TOTAL PLANT COST (TPDC+TPIC) TPC = 15961000

12. Contractor's fee 798000
13. Contingency 1596000
------------------------
(12+13) = 2394000

=================================================================
D. DIRECT FIXED CAPITAL (DFC) TPC+12+13 = 18355000
=================================================================





LABOR REQUIREMENT AND COST SUMMARY
====================================================================
Section Labor Hours Labor Cost
Name Per Year $/year %
--------------------------------------------------------------------
BioOxidation 6000 222000 60.00
Sludge Treatm. 4000 148000 40.00
--------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 10000 371000 100.00
====================================================================


Product Information
29
Table 3. Economic Evaluation Report (continued)



RAW MATERIALS COST SUMMARY
===============================================================================
Raw Unit Cost Annual Amount Cost
Material ( $/kg ) ( kg ) ( $/yr ) %
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Polymer 1.000 204392.47 204392 80.72
Water 0.001 48807873.32 48808 19.28
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TOTAL 49012265.79 253000 100.00
===============================================================================




WASTE TREATMENT / DISPOSAL (1998 prices)

a. SOLID WASTE
==========================================================================
Stream Unit Cost Annual Amount Cost
Name ( $/kg ) ( kg ) ( $/yr )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Final Sludge 5.000e-002 8204666.90 410000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
a. Subtotal (Solid Waste) 410000
==========================================================================

b. LIQUID WASTE
==========================================================================
Stream Unit Cost Annual Amount Cost
Name ( $/kg ) ( kg ) ( $/yr )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Liquid Effluent 0.000e+000 1274673893.46 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. Subtotal (Liquid Waste) 0
==========================================================================

c. EMISSIONS
==========================================================================
Stream Unit Cost Annual Amount Cost
Name ( $/kg ) ( kg ) ( $/yr )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
AEB1-Emissions 3.000e-001 2236702.24 671000
Clrf-Emissions 0.000e+000 0.27 0
AEB2-Emissions 3.000e-001 21069.64 6000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. Subtotal (Emissions) 677000


==========================================================================
WASTE TREATMENT/DISPOSAL TOTAL COST (a+b+c) 1088000
==========================================================================


Product Information
30
Table 3. Economic Evaluation Report (continued)


UTILITY REQUIREMENTS (1998 prices)
==========================================================================

ELECTRICITY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Process Step Power Annual Amount Cost
Name ( kW ) ( kWh ) ( $/yr )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
AEB-101 34.0 268975 27000
CLN-101 1.2 9523 1000
AEB-102 34.0 268973 27000
GMFN-101 0.0 52 0
Unlisted Equipment 34220 3000
General Load 102661 10000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBTOTAL 69000


HEAT TRANSFER AGENT : Steam (10.00 $/10^6 kcal)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Process Step Duty Annual Amount Cost
Name ( kcal/h ) (10^6 kcal ) ( $/yr )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
SLDNG-101 1226757.8 9716 97000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBTOTAL 97000

==========================================================================
TOTAL 166000
==========================================================================



ANNUAL OPERATING COST - SUMMARY (1998 prices)
==============================================================
Cost Item $/Year %
--------------------------------------------------------------
Raw Materials 253000 4.63
Labor-Dependent 371000 6.78
Equipment-Dependent 3535000 64.65
Laboratory/QC/QA 56000 1.02
Consumables 0 0.00
Waste Treatment/Disposal 1088000 19.89
Utilities 166000 3.03
Transportation 0 0.00
Miscellaneous 0 0.00
Advertising and Selling 0 0.00
Running Royalties 0 0.00
Failed Product Disposal 0 0.00
==============================================================
TOTAL 5468000 100.00
==============================================================

Product Information
31
Table 3. Economic Evaluation Report (continued)

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS (1998 prices)
==========================================================================
A. DIRECT FIXED CAPITAL $ 18355000
B. WORKING CAPITAL 171000
C. STARTUP COST 918000
D. UP-FRONT R&D 0
E. UP-FRONT ROYALTIES 0
F. TOTAL INVESTMENT (A+B+C+D+E) 19443000
G. INVESTMENT CHARGED TO THIS PROJECT 19443000

H. REVENUE STREAM FLOWRATES
kg/year of total flow (in Influent ) 1247389387

I. PROCESSING (UNIT) COST
$/MT of Influent 4.384

J. SELLING/PROCESSING PRICE
$/MT of total flow (in Influent ) 6.000

K. REVENUES ($/year)
Influent 7484000

L. ANNUAL OPERATING COST 5468000
M. GROSS PROFIT (K-L) 2016000
N. TAXES (40 %) 807000
O. NET PROFIT (M-N + Depreciation ) 2954000
==========================================================================
GROSS MARGIN 26.94 %
RETURN ON INVESTMENT 15.19 %
PAYBACK TIME (years) 6.58
==========================================================================
MT = Metric Ton = 1,000 kg




CASH FLOW ANALYSIS (thousand US $)
=========================================================================================
YR CAPITAL SALES OPERAT. GROSS DEPREC. TAXABLE TAXES NET NET
INVESTM COST PROFIT INCOME PROFIT CASH FLOW
=========================================================================================
1 -5506 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5506
2 -7342 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7342
3 -5677 3742 4605 -863 1744 0 0 -863 -6540
4 0 7484 5304 2180 1744 437 0 2180 2180
5 0 7484 5304 2180 1744 437 175 2006 2006
6 0 7484 5304 2180 1744 437 175 2006 2006
7 0 7484 5304 2180 1744 437 175 2006 2006
8 0 7484 5304 2180 1744 437 175 2006 2006
9 0 7484 5304 2180 1744 437 175 2006 2006
10 0 7484 5304 2180 1744 437 175 2006 2006
11 0 7484 5304 2180 1744 437 175 2006 2006
12 0 7484 5304 2180 1744 437 175 2006 2006
13 0 7484 5304 2180 0 2180 872 1308 1308
14 0 7484 5304 2180 0 2180 872 1308 1308
15 1089 7484 5304 2180 0 2180 872 1308 2397
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IRR BEFORE TAXES = 4.766 % INTEREST 7.0% 9.0% 11.0%
IRR AFTER TAXES = 2.578 % NPV -4471 -5882 -7021
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Depreciation Method: Straight-Line
DFC Salvage Fraction : 0.050


Product Information
32
Table 4. Environmental Impact Report
The environmental impact assessment report (EIR) contains information on the amount and type of waste that is
generated by a manufacturing or waste treatment facility. The following excerpts (taken from the report created for
the industrial wastewater treatment design case) highlight some of the most important features of this report.


LUMPED ENVIRONMENTAL STREAM PROPERTIES Section
==============================================================================
STREAM NAME Influent S-103 AEB1-Emissi Polymer Clrf-Emissi
SOURCE INPUT INPUT AEB-101 INPUT CLN-101
DESTINATION MXN-101 AEB-101 OUTPUT MXN-102 OUTPUT
==============================================================================

STREAM ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES

TOC mg C/l 2627.0 0.0 194.2 0.0 805551.4
COD mg O/l 7443.7 0.0 647.0 0.0 2684006.4
ThOD mg O/l 7443.7 0.0 647.0 0.0 2684006.4
BODu mg O/l 5381.3 0.0 439.9 0.0 1825124.4
BOD5 mg O/l 4673.6 0.0 351.9 0.0 1460099.5
TKN mg N/l 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NH3 mg N/l 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NO3/NO2 mg N/l 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
TP mg P/l 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
TS mg Slds/l 5079.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
TSS mg Slds/l 99.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
VSS mg Slds/l 89.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
DVSS mg Slds/l 89.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
TDS mg Slds/l 4979.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
VDS mg Slds/l 4979.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
DVDS mg Slds/l 4979.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

DAILY THROUGHPUTS

TOC kg C/d 9913.0 0.0 655.2 0.0 0.0
COD kg O/d 28089.1 0.0 2182.9 0.0 0.0
ThOD kg O/d 28089.1 0.0 2182.9 0.0 0.0
BODu kg O/d 20306.4 0.0 1484.4 0.0 0.0
BOD5 kg O/d 17636.0 0.0 1187.5 0.0 0.0
TKN kg N/d 42.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NH3 kg N/d 42.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NO3/NO2 kg N/d 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
TP kg P/d 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
TS kg Slds/d 19167.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
TSS kg Slds/d 375.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
VSS kg Slds/d 338.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
DVSS kg Slds/d 338.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
TDS kg Slds/d 18792.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
VDS kg Slds/d 18792.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
DVDS kg Slds/d 18792.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




Product Information
33
Environmental Impact Report (Component Fate)


COMPONENT FATE Section


Component Allocation (Per Hour)
===============================================================================
Component Name TOTAL OUT AS OUT AS OUT AS
IN SOLID WASTE LIQUID WASTE EMISSION
(kg/h) (kg/h) (kg/h) (kg/h)
===============================================================================
Benzene 100.000000 0.000240 0.000000 29.875941
Biomass 15.660000 307.190004 0.000000 0.000000
Carb. Dioxide 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 255.202038
DeadBiomass 0.000000 30.502196 0.000000 0.000000
Glucose 783.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
Nitrogen 9595.741492 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
Oxygen 2739.683510 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
Polymer 25.836680 24.969475 0.000000 0.000000
Water 162764.002720 673.514984 0.000000 0.000000
--------------- --------------- -------------- --------------
Plant Totals 176023.924402 1036.176899 0.000000 285.077978
===============================================================================


Component Allocation (Per Year) Hours per Year = 7920.0
===============================================================================
Component Name TOTAL OUT AS OUT AS OUT AS
IN SOLID WASTE LIQUID WASTE EMISSION
(kg/yr) (kg/yr) (kg/yr) (kg/yr)
===============================================================================
Benzene 792000.000 1.898 0.000 236617.449
Biomass 124027.200 2432944.830 0.000 0.000
Carb. Dioxide 0.000 0.000 0.000 2021200.140
DeadBiomass 0.000 241577.389 0.000 0.000
Glucose 6201360.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Nitrogen 75998272.619 0.000 0.000 0.000
Oxygen 21698293.396 0.000 0.000 0.000
Polymer 204626.504 197758.245 0.000 0.000
Water 1289090901.546 5334238.674 0.000 0.000
--------------- --------------- -------------- --------------
Plant Totals 1394109481.265 8206521.037 0.000 2257817.589
===============================================================================



Product Information
34
Environmental Impact Report (Regulated Compounds)


SARA 313 CHEMICALS Section


ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD (per Hour)
===============================================================================
Component Name IN OUT AS WASTE (IN-OUT)
(kg/h) (kg/h) (kg/h)
===============================================================================
Benzene 100.000000 29.876180 70.123820
--------------- --------------- ---------------
Plant Totals 100.000000 29.876180 70.123820
===============================================================================




ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD (per Year) Hours per Year = 7920.0
===============================================================================
Component Name IN OUT AS WASTE (IN-OUT)
(kg/year) (kg/year) (kg/year)
===============================================================================
Benzene 792000.000 236141.427 555858.573
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Plant Totals 792000.000 236141.427 555858.573
===============================================================================



33/50 CHEMICALS Section


ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD (per Hour)
===============================================================================
Component Name IN OUT AS WASTE (IN-OUT)
(kg/h) (kg/h) (kg/h)
===============================================================================
Benzene 100.000000 29.876180 70.123820
Polymer 25.836680 24.969475 0.867204
Water 162764.002720 673.514984 162090.487736
--------------- --------------- ---------------
Plant Totals 162889.839400 728.360640 162161.478761
===============================================================================




ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD (per Year) Hours per Year = 7920.0
===============================================================================
Component Name IN OUT AS WASTE (IN-OUT)
(kg/year) (kg/year) (kg/year)
===============================================================================
Benzene 792000.000 236619.347 555380.653
Polymer 204626.504 197758.245 6868.258
Water 1289090901.546 5334238.674 1283756662.872
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Plant Totals 1290087528.050 5768616.267 1284318911.783
===============================================================================


Product Information
35
Environmental Impact Report (Info on Solid Waste Streams)

SOLID WASTE Section

Part 1 : Stream By Stream
==============================================================================
Composition Component Flow Annual Comp.Flow
% (kg/h) (kg/year)
Final Sludge
-----------------
Benzene 0.000019 0.000196 1.555
Biomass 29.649141 307.307471 2433875.168
Carb. Dioxide 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
DeadBiomass 2.942523 30.498672 241549.483
Glucose 0.000006 0.000059 0.471
Nitrogen 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Oxygen 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Polymer 2.408311 24.961661 197696.357
Water 65.000000 673.712111 5335799.921
---------- -------------- -----------------
Totals 100.000000 1036.480171 8208922.955

-------------- -----------------
Plant Totals 1036.480171 8208922.955
==============================================================================


Part 2 : Component By Component
==============================================================================
Stream Component Flow Annual Comp.Flow Prct
(kg/h) (kg/year) %
Benzene
----------------
Final Sludge 0.000240 1.898 100.00
-------------- ----------------- ---------
Totals 0.000240 1.898 100.00

Biomass
----------------
Final Sludge 307.190004 2432944.830 100.00
-------------- ----------------- ---------
Totals 307.190004 2432944.830 100.00

DeadBiomass
----------------
Final Sludge 30.502196 241577.389 100.00
-------------- ----------------- ---------
Totals 30.502196 241577.389 100.00

Polymer
----------------
Final Sludge 24.969475 197758.245 100.00
-------------- ----------------- ---------
Totals 24.969475 197758.245 100.00

Water
----------------
Final Sludge 673.514984 5334238.674 100.00
-------------- ----------------- ---------
Totals 673.514984 5334238.674 100.00

-------------- -----------------
Plant Totals 1036.176899 8206521.037
Product Information
36
==============================================================================

Product Information
37
Environmental Impact Report (Info on Emission Streams)

EMISSIONS Section

Part 1 : Stream By Stream

==============================================================================
Composition Component Flow Annual Comp.Flow
% (kg/h) (kg/year)
AEB1-Emissions
-----------------
Benzene 10.484286 29.607848 234494.158
Biomass 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Carb. Dioxide 89.515714 252.794304 2002130.886
Glucose 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Nitrogen 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Oxygen 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Polymer 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Water 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
---------- -------------- -----------------
Totals 100.000000 282.402152 2236625.044

Clrf-Emissions
-----------------
Benzene 100.000000 0.000030 0.236
Biomass 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Carb. Dioxide 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Glucose 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Nitrogen 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Oxygen 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Polymer 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Water 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
---------- -------------- -----------------
Totals 100.000000 0.000030 0.236

AEB2-Emissions
-----------------
Benzene 6.168588 0.207762 1645.478
Biomass 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Carb. Dioxide 93.831412 3.160307 25029.632
Glucose 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Nitrogen 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Oxygen 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Polymer 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
Water 0.000000 0.000000 0.000
---------- -------------- -----------------
Totals 100.000000 3.368069 26675.109

-------------- -----------------
Plant Totals 285.770251 2263300.389
==============================================================================