ATMOSPHERIC

PRESSURE AND
WIND
Vital key to the survival of life on the Earth!
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Pressure (In General)
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Vikas Patil_2012-13
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Vikas Patil_2012-13
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CO2
O2
N2
O3
h2
CH4
He
H2 O
Can these
tiny little
molecules
have any
weight?
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Gravity pulls the air
molecules toward the
earth, giving them
weight. The weight
of the air molecules
all around us is
called the air
pressure.
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So exactly how much pressure is
exerted by the atmosphere?
9
The atmospheric pressure at the
Earth's surface is
14.7 pounds per sq. in.!!!
It means that 1 sq. in. of air
extending vertically from sea level
to outer space weighs 14.7 pounds
(6.7 kg) V
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It means!!
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It means!!
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How do we measure atmospheric
pressure?
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An easy way to make and read
barometer
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- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ah8F-xmvB2k
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrAKlqjcZLI
Units used to express the
atmospheric pressure?
14
At mean sea level:
1. 76 cm of mercury/29,92 inch of mercury
2. 1013.25 hectopascals (hPa)
3. 101.325 kilopascals (kPa)
4. 1.01325 bar
5. 1013 millibars (mb)
6. 14.69595 pounds per square inch (psi)

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What is High Pressure and Low
Pressure?
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1013 mb/hPa
High Pressure
Low Pressure
At mean sea level
1040 mb
970 mb
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Some interesting facts!
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Highest Pressure recorded ever was
1084 mb in Siberia
Lowest Pressure recorded ever was
870 mb in eye of a typhoon
Over Pacific Ocean
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Why is there
variation in the
atmospheric
pressure?
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Pressure
(For fluids and gases)
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Pressure changes
with altitude
How?
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At Sea Level Highest Density of Air
6
0
0
+

k
m

h
i
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h

a
t
m
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s
p
h
e
r
e

Lesser density of Air
L
e
s
s
e
r

h
e
i
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h
t

o
f


a
t
m
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p
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L
e
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H
e
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h
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Lesser density of Air
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The pressure falls at a rate of approx.
100 hPa/mb with the rise of every 800 mts
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RECAP
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Pressure changes
with temperature
How?
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1013 mb 1013 mb 1013 mb 1010 mb
Low Pressure
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1010 mb 1014 mb
High Pressure
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Pressure changes
with Humidity
How?
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N2
O2
CO2
Molecular Mass = 28 g/mol
Molecular Mass = 32 g/mol
Molecular Mass = 44 g/mol
Molecular Mass = 18 g/mol
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N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
O
2
O
2
O
2
C
O
2
C
O
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
O
2
O
2
C
O
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
N
2
C
O
2
C
O
2
C
O
2
C
O
2
O
2
O
2
O
2
O
2
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Recording atmospheric pressure
Meteorology Station
or Weather Bureau
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The Stevenson
Screen
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Isobars
Lines drawn
on maps
joining
places
having
same
pressure
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Which conditions
are associated with
low and high
pressure?
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LP
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HP
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What are the effects
of high and low
pressure on
humans?
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Effects of low pressure
Headache
Dehydration
Fatigue or weakness
Dizziness
Nosebleed
Persistent rapid pulse
Swelling of limbs and face
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Effects of High Pressure
Generally in scuba diving
nitrogen narcosis
oxygen toxicity
Uneasiness
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What are the effects
of pressure
difference in the
atmosphere?
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LP
HP
WIND
ADVECTION
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Closer Isobars indicate faster wind
movement and vice-versa
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1012 hPa
995 hPa
1005 hPa
A
B
C
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Do the winds move
straight from High
Pressure to Low
Pressure?
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Effect of Coriolis force
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- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcPs_OdQOYU&list=PLE20A7E
E21E09FBC7
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeY9tY9vKgs

RECAP
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Temperature
variation on Earth!!
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Annual Temperatures on Earth
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90 N 90 S
0
LP
HP
HP
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90 N
90 S
0
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Earth is rotating on its axis
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90 N
90 S
0
30 N 30 S
LP
HP
HP
HP
HP
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90 S
0 60 S 30 S
E
Q
U
A
T
O
R
I
A
L

L
P

S
U
B

T
R
O
P
I
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A
L


H
P

S
U
B

P
O
L
A
R

L
P

P
O
L
A
R

H
P

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0
30 N
30 S
LP
HP
HP
INTER TROPICAL
CONVERVERGENCE ZONE
(DOLDRUMS)
NORTH EAST TRADE WINDS
SOUTH EAST TRADE WINDS
HORSE LATITUDE
HORSE LATITUDE
HADLEY CELL
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Trade Winds
ITCZ (CONVERGENCE ZONE)
HORSE LATITUDE (DIVERGENCE ZONE)
HORSE LATITUDE (DIVERGENCE ZONE)
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60
60 S
30 S
LP
HP
SOUTH SUB POLAR LOW
PRESSURE BELT
NORTH WESTERLIES
SOUTH POLAR EASTERLIES
HORSE LATITUDE
FERREL CELL
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Westerlies
ITCZ (CONVERGENCE ZONE)
HORSE LATITUDE (DIVERGENCE ZONE)
HORSE LATITUDE (DIVERGENCE ZONE)
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Polar Easterlies
ITCZ (CONVERGENCE ZONE)
HORSE LATITUDE (DIVERGENCE ZONE)
HORSE LATITUDE (DIVERGENCE ZONE)
THE POLAR FRONT (CONVERGENCE ZONE)
THE POLAR FRONT (CONVERGENCE ZONE)
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Do the temperature
conditions remain
same throughout the
year??
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0
30 N
30 S
LP
HP
HP
December September
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69
0
30 N
30 S
LP
HP
HP
December
March
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70
0
30 N
30 S
LP
HP
HP
March June
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0
30 N
30 S
LP
HP
HP
June September
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